Kadim Bir Münâzara ve Müfâhare Örneği: Dreḫt-ī Āsūrīg
Date
2022
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İran Çalışmaları Dergisi
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Abstract
Sasaniler döneminde Pehlevi diliyle yazıya aktarılmış Dreḫt-ī Āsūrīg (Asur Ağacı), doğu edebiyatlarında dıştan bakınca “din dışı” gibi görünen metinlerdendir. Ayrıca doğunun en kadim münâzara ve müfâhare örneklerindendir. Bir keçi ile bir hurma ağacının atışmasını ve üstünlük yarışını konu alan anlatıda keçi, hayvancılıkla uğraşan Zerdüştî toplulukları, karşısındaki hurma ağacı ise Mezopotamya menşeli çok tanrılı Asur topluluklarını ezoterik şekilde temsil eder. Bu yönüyle eser Aryan ve Semitik halkların münâzarası olarak da görülebilir. Münâzaranın bunun dışında da farklı sembolik yönleri ve semantik özellikleri sözkonusudur. Toplam 121 bentten oluşan ünazaranın farklı dillerde birçok çevirisi bulunmaktadır. Bir kopyası Mehraban Kay-Khosrow Kodeksi arasında günümüze kadar ulaşmış münâzarada, huzvariş kelimelerde olduğundan; satır aralarında semitik dillerden Süryancanın izlerine de rastlamak mümkündür. Bu makalede, Pehlevi yazılı mirası içerisinde yer alan Dreḫt-ī Āsūrīg’in incelemeli tanıtımı yapılmış ve ortografik transkripsiyonuyla birlikte Türkçe çevirisi eksiksiz şekilde araştırmacılara sunulmuştur. Metinde yer alan bazı özel kavram ve semboller; kadim İran kültür ve edebiyatı, Mezopotamya sahası ve Zerdüştlük alanı incelemelerine katkı sağlaması amacıyla değerlendirilmiştir.
Dreḫt-ī Āsūrīg (Assyrian Tree), which was transcribed in Pahlavi language during the Sassanid period, is one of the texts that appear to be "non-religious" in eastern literature. It is also one of the most ancient examples of debate and argument in the east. In the narrative, which is about the bickering of a goat and a date tree and the race for supremacy, the goat esotericly represents Zoroastrian communities dealing with animal husbandry, and the date palm tree esotericly represents the polytheistic Assyrian communities originating from Mesopotamia. In this respect, the work is also seen as a debate between Aryan and Semitic peoples. Apart from this, the text of the debate has different symbolic aspects and semantic features. The debate, which consists of a total of 121 clauses, has many translations in different languages. In the debate, a copy of which has survived between the Mehraban Kay-Khosrow codeḫ, as there are huzvarish words, It is also possible to find traces of Syriac, one of the Semitic languages. In this article, Draxt-ī Āsūrīg, which is included in the Pahlavi written heritage, has been presented with an analysis and its Turkish translation with its orthographic transcription is presented to the researchers in full. Some special concepts and symbols in the teḫt has been evaluated in order to contribute to the studies of ancient Iranian culture and literature and to the Mesopotamian studies and Zoroastrianism.
Dreḫt-ī Āsūrīg (Assyrian Tree), which was transcribed in Pahlavi language during the Sassanid period, is one of the texts that appear to be "non-religious" in eastern literature. It is also one of the most ancient examples of debate and argument in the east. In the narrative, which is about the bickering of a goat and a date tree and the race for supremacy, the goat esotericly represents Zoroastrian communities dealing with animal husbandry, and the date palm tree esotericly represents the polytheistic Assyrian communities originating from Mesopotamia. In this respect, the work is also seen as a debate between Aryan and Semitic peoples. Apart from this, the text of the debate has different symbolic aspects and semantic features. The debate, which consists of a total of 121 clauses, has many translations in different languages. In the debate, a copy of which has survived between the Mehraban Kay-Khosrow codeḫ, as there are huzvarish words, It is also possible to find traces of Syriac, one of the Semitic languages. In this article, Draxt-ī Āsūrīg, which is included in the Pahlavi written heritage, has been presented with an analysis and its Turkish translation with its orthographic transcription is presented to the researchers in full. Some special concepts and symbols in the teḫt has been evaluated in order to contribute to the studies of ancient Iranian culture and literature and to the Mesopotamian studies and Zoroastrianism.
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Dreḫt-ī Āsūrīg, Sasaniler, Pehlevce, Süryanca, Münâzara., Draxt-ī Āsūrīg, Sassanid, Pahlavi, Syriac, Debate.
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İran Çalışmaları Dergisi
Volume
6
Issue
2
Start Page
343
End Page
377