İslam İnşâ Hukukunun Mardin Kent Mekânına Yansıması (11.-19. yy)
Date
2021
Authors
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Publisher
Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Her toplumun bir kent modeli olduğu gibi İslâm hukukuyla düzenlenmişMüslüman toplumunun da kendi dünya görüşü ve bunun ön gördüğü ilişkibiçimine göre bir kent modeli bulunmaktadır. Meskenin mahremiyeti vekomşuluk haklarının gözetilmesine ilişkin Peygamber’e atfedilen hadislerbu modelin şekillenmesine kaynaklık eden inşâya yönelik normlarınoluşmasını sağlamıştır. İslâm hukukçularının, meskenin dokunulmazlığı vekomşuya zararın önlenmesine yönelik hadisleri yorumlamalarıyla fıkıhkitaplarında inşâya ilişkin özel bölümler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bölümler, dahasonradan inşâya yönelik özel metinlerin oluşmasına kaynaklık etmiştir.Duvarların işlevleri ve hukukî yapılarının esas alındığı bu metinler, İslâmcoğrafyasının farklı yerlerinde fıkhü’l-bunyân/inşâ hukuku temasıyla İslâmhukukunun özel bir dalı olarak “amele” yani uygulamaya dönüşmüştür.İslâm coğrafyası kentlerine yönelik mekân çözümlemelerinde topoğrafyave geleneğe daha çok vurguda bulunulmasına rağmen kendi normlarınasahip ve sorumlu olan İslâm inşâ hukuku göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu makaledeMardin’in kentsel kimliğine esas teşkil eden kalenin güney yamaçlarınakurulu alanın mekân üretiminde İslâm inşâ hukukunun etkisi ve yansımalarıele alınmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, kale eteğine kurulu yerleşimin Mervanilerile başlayan ilk oluşumundan Artuklular Dönemi’nde kazandığı kentselkimliğine ve oradan da Osmanlı egemenliğinin sonlarına kadar uzanansüreçte kentsel mekânın yeniden üretimi, düzenlenmesi vesürdürülmesinde İslâm inşâ hukukunun rolü, gerek konuya dâir literatürgerekse de Mardin şer’iyye sicillerine başvurularak irdelenmektedir. Öteyandan, Mardin’in kentsel mekân üretiminin İslâm inşâ hukukunun kendineözgü normlarıyla Cami, çarşı ve mesken gibi İslâm kent formunun temelunsurlarının şekillendirdiği ve söz konusu unsurların gerek birbirleriylegerekse de kent topoğrafyasıyla uyumunu sağladığı ortaya konulmuştur.
Just like every society has an urban model, the Muslim community, regulated by Islamic law, has a city model according to its world view and the relationship it predicts. The hadiths attributed to the Prophet regarding the privacy of the dwelling and the looking after neighbourly rights ensured the formation of norms for construction, which was the source of this model. Special chapters on construction emerged in fiqh books through Islamic jurists interpreting hadiths on the inviolability of the dwelling and the prevention of harm to the neighbour. These sections served as a source for the formation of special texts for later construction. These texts, which are based on the functions and legal structures of the walls, have been transformed into “amele” that is to say practice as a special branch of Islamic law with the theme of fiqh al-bunyan / construction law in different parts of the Islamic geography. Although more emphasis is placed on topography and tradition in the spatial analysis of Islamic geography cities, Islamic construction law, which has its own norms and responsibility, has been ignored. This article discusses the effect and reflections of Islamic construction law in the space production of the area built on the southern slopes of the castle which constitutes the basis of Mardin's urban identity. In this context, it scrutinizes the role of Islamic construction law in the reproduction, regulation and maintenance of urban space in the process from the first formation of the settlement on the skirt of the castle that started with the Mervanids to the urban identity it gained in the Artuqids period and then to the end of the Ottoman rule, by referring to the relevant literature and the Mardin Şer'iyye Records.
Just like every society has an urban model, the Muslim community, regulated by Islamic law, has a city model according to its world view and the relationship it predicts. The hadiths attributed to the Prophet regarding the privacy of the dwelling and the looking after neighbourly rights ensured the formation of norms for construction, which was the source of this model. Special chapters on construction emerged in fiqh books through Islamic jurists interpreting hadiths on the inviolability of the dwelling and the prevention of harm to the neighbour. These sections served as a source for the formation of special texts for later construction. These texts, which are based on the functions and legal structures of the walls, have been transformed into “amele” that is to say practice as a special branch of Islamic law with the theme of fiqh al-bunyan / construction law in different parts of the Islamic geography. Although more emphasis is placed on topography and tradition in the spatial analysis of Islamic geography cities, Islamic construction law, which has its own norms and responsibility, has been ignored. This article discusses the effect and reflections of Islamic construction law in the space production of the area built on the southern slopes of the castle which constitutes the basis of Mardin's urban identity. In this context, it scrutinizes the role of Islamic construction law in the reproduction, regulation and maintenance of urban space in the process from the first formation of the settlement on the skirt of the castle that started with the Mervanids to the urban identity it gained in the Artuqids period and then to the end of the Ottoman rule, by referring to the relevant literature and the Mardin Şer'iyye Records.
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Keywords
Mardin, İslâm İnşâ Hukuku, Mekân Üretimi., Mardin, Islamic Construction Law, Space Production.
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Mukaddime
Volume
12
Issue
2
Start Page
307
End Page
346