ŞİHO Reşid2020-08-042020-08-042020978-625-7918-34-3https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/2212Islam has known tolerance and coexistence with the other since its inception in Mecca. In other words, the experience of Islam in coexistence extends from the time of the emergence of Islam to the present day. Our research deals with historical examples of aspects of coexistence between Muslims and followers of other religions during the stages of the expansion of the Islamic state in its different eras. It is an episode of a series that began with the establishment of the Islamic State in Medina, the newspaper, through the covenants and covenants made by the caliphs and leaders of the Dhimmis, which emanated from the civilizational values of Islam.arinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessالتعايش، التسامح، الدولة الإسلامية، أهل الذمة، الأمويون، العباسيون، الأندلسBook Part3778