Browsing by Author "İlerisoy, Zeynep Yeşim"

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An Assessment of the Reflection of Traditional and Computer Assisted Architectural Designing Periods on Buildings Through Hyperbolic Paraboloid Forms
(DAKAM, 2021) Kutlu, İzzettin; İlerisoy, Zeynep Yeşim; Soyluk, Asena
This study examined the changes and developments in the designs and practices regarding the hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces, which have been more popular after the designs of Felix Candela during the architectural period of 20th century. Tracer method was utilized to compare the periods before and after the computerassisted designing instruments were added to the architectural education curriculum. A comparison table was formed for the difference between the periods, and the variable traits that may change in years such as materials, method of practice or span were specified and presented in a chronological order. Assessments indicated that hyperbolic paraboloids used for different purposes could be used as designing elements as well as for passing wide spans, and that they were utilized in different continents during the same periods. It was understood that this form span could be used to reach and pass greater spans through the support provided by using computer-assisted architectural designing instruments. During 1950s, issues related to heating, illumination and ventilation emerged on the hyperbolic surfaces constructed with concrete materials. With the computer-assisted architectural designing instruments, solutions were found on these issues following the trials on the model. As people started to use computers as designing instruments, differences emerged in practices. Instead of buildings that were constructed through on-site concreting procedure with molds during the period of traditional drawing instruments, the panelization systems were able to be produced with the help of computer models and mounted accordingly. Furthermore, with the development of steel industry after 1990, steel was used more often in the construction of hyperbolic paraboloids. This study revealed the contribution of computer-assisted designing instruments which enable designing, analyzing and building complicated geometries to the constructability of hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces, and it demonstrated the current status of these instruments within designing-related processes following the technological advancements. The impact of computer-assisted designing instruments on the relationship between the architectural designing and load-bearing system designing was explained through the examples regarding integrated designing processes. Examining the architectural changes and developments in the hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces, this study indicated that using advanced computer technologies caused radical changes and that the designers were granted new horizons and became more liberal upon the searches for architectural form with the algorithms becoming producible in the digital environment.
INNOVATIONS OF ENGINEER-ARCHITECTS ON CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRIDGES
(IKSAD Publishing House, 2020) Kutlu, İzzettin; Soyluk, Asena; İlerisoy, Zeynep Yeşim
The professional role of the architect is defined as "building art and science" in its simplest form and is to design a physical environment as a suitable place for certain human behaviors. This physical environment should meet the basic needs of the user and create a space to ensure certain norms such as survival, safety, physical health, mental health. However, an architectural design is not independent, while providing a facility for a limited number of human activities and focusing on its specific goals and functions; it is part of a hierarchical environmental system. Therefore, an architectural design is an intervention and adaptation to a large natural or man-made environment. In this context, architecture is a special action that is simultaneously introverted and specific; it is also a general public action on the environment (Herbert, 1999; p108). The role of the civil engineer is defined as "the art of managing large power resources in nature for human use and comfort" and shaping the macro environment according to the needs of the human. This definition is practically refers to the design of large urban and regional projects such as bridges and aqueducts, roads and highways, canals and railways, ports and dams, infrastructure schemes for drainage and sewage. Generally, the scope that defines the field of activity of the engineer is significantly expanded to include the design and construction of large-scale buildings, such as train stations, factories, exhibition halls or sports stadiums, in which innovative structural design or complex mechanical installations dominate (Skempton, 1996). Architecture, which has turned into a heterogeneous profession, is associated with many disciplines and a wide range of specialized knowledge (İlerisoy ve Aycı, 2019). In this regard, the most advanced interaction takes place with engineering discipline in terms of both theory and practice. Despite the professional differences between architects and engineers; they use their professional knowledge, skills and experience for common interests of society, the protection of universal human achievements or cultural heritage, and for the development of human well-being. Their responsibility for the health, safety and well-being of society is always above their personal interests or the interests of the community of architects and engineers (Kumbasar, 2003; p17). In the early design period, architects adopted flexible solutions to their designs freely. However they were concerned that if a structural engineer joined the design process at this stage, their design discoveries could be suppressed. In contrast, architect Arthut Erickson said, "The structure is the strongest element of the form, and even if the structure of the building is not decided at the beginning of the design, then it may disrupt or change all the other determinants of the building." The success of collaborative designs of architects and engineers in the 20th and 21st centuries structures show that there is a positive attitude on this issue among the professions. However, there are also issues that create conflicts between these professions. Structural engineers criticize the lack of structural understanding of architects, being late to get advice for appropriate structural solutions, and architects' overall standards of cooperation. On the other hand, architects criticize engineers for their lack of innovation and poor participation in architectural design ideas (Charleson ve Pirie, 2009; p102). Despite these criticisms; architecture and engineering has been one of the unquestionable components of life since the beginning of the human need for shelter. The first examples started in the Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia regions, when people p2). During the transition to settled life of the nomadic people, the importance of transportation and transportation vehicles has become an increasing need with the development of wheels and sails. In this context, "bridges", which are one of the most important structures that facilitate transportation in rugged areas gained importance. Until about 1950, bridges were built by professionals without a clear distinction between engineers and architects. While there was no distinction between engineers and architects at that time; after 1950, engineer-architect distinction was made for the construction of bridges and all other building groups. In this study, it was evaluated how different perspectives of people who have both architect and engineer ethics are reflected on the design of bridges.