Browsing by Author "Aktaş, H."

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Contribution of Landraces in Wheat Breeding
(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Nadeem, M.A.; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Yeken, M.Z.; Tekin, M.; Mustafa, Z.; Hatipoğlu, R.; Aktaş, H.; Baloch, F.S.
Agricultural production system is extremely vulnerable to climate change, and this change will heavily affect the grain yields, thereby threating the food security worldwide. People from developing countries are at greatest risk of experiencing food insecurity, and today, millions of people are going to bed hungry. Wheat is serving as a staple food for millions of people around the world. Development of high-yielding wheat varieties during the Green Revolution is considered an important event in agricultural history. However, these plant breeding activities also resulted in genetic erosion in wheat. Moreover, it is also believed that after domestication process, selection process also resulted in the loss of genetic diversity of wheat. Therefore, commercial wheat cultivars are prone to various biotic and abiotic stresses. To combat with climate changes and to serve enough quantity of food with quality, there is a need to harness wheat landraces. Landraces are considered as repository of gene pool that enhance the biodiversity and maintain and stabilize the ecosystem in a sustainable way to make it functional. Wheat landraces are traditional crop populations developed by the farmers through natural and human selection under their years of cultivations and have adaptation to local environment and management practices. Wheat landraces have more genetic diversity compared to their cultivated ones, and breeding community has utilized their potential in development of climate-resilient wheat cultivars. Here, we are exploring the role of landraces in wheat breeding and hoping that provided information will catch the attention of breeding community to collect, conserve, and perform breeding activities using wheat landraces. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of Some Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Cultivars Commonly Cultivated in Turkey Under Supplemented Irrigation and Rainfall Conditions
(Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty, 2017) Aktaş, Hüsnü
This study was conducted to investigate yield and some agronomic traits of 10 regisreted barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Turkey in rainfall and supplemented irrigation conditions during 2011-12 and 2012-13 growing seasons at Diyarbakir/Çinar, Turkey. Experiments were arranged according to Completely Randomized Block Design with four replications. Obtained data was evaluated with variance analysis and GGE biplot method. Also, the barley cultivars were evaluated regarding to drought tolerance indices. According to mean of two years data grain yield of cultivars ranged from 417 to 578 kg/da in supplemented irrigation condition and from 281 to 391 kg/da in rainfall condition, while the mean of invastigated traits in supplemented irrigation and rainfal condition were 41 g and 38 g for 1000 kernel weight, 68 kg/hl and 62 kg/hl for test weight, 513 adet/m2 and 367 adet/m2 for number of spikes in sequmeter respectively. According to GGE biplot results G3 and G5 was determined as most stabil cultivars for grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained in G3, G9, G5 and G10 for mean of the supplemented and rainfall conditions respectively (irrigation condition: 578; 533; 520; 550 kg/da, rainfall condition: 363; 365; 391 ve 363 kg/da). According to GGE biplot G9 is suitable for rainfall condition and G3 for irrigation condition. It was determined that YI (Yield index), was related to grain yield in rainfall condition, thus this parameter could be used in breeding programs to determine drought tolerance genotypes. The other drought tolerance indices such as HM (Harmonic Mean), GMP (Geometric Mean Productivity), STI (Stress tolerance index), MP (Mean productivity) and TOL (Tolerance) were related to grain yield in irrigation condition, so these parameters can be used to determine genotypes that suitable for irrigaton condition. © 2017 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved.
Investigating the Impact of Salt Stress on Wild Wheat Germplasm Collected From Turkey
(Pakistan Botanical Society, 2025) Aktaş, Hüsnü
Wheat is among the staple crops providing daily food requirements for millions of people all over the world. However, wheat production is being to limited to various biotic and biotic stresses resulting through climate change. It is believed that if climate change activities continue at this pace, present and upcoming generations will pace a huge food crisis. Wheat wild relatives provide a cushion to the research community by acting a source of novel variations that can be used for the development of new cultivars. Wild wheat accessions belonging to various polyploidy levels i.e., T. boeoticum, T. dicoccoides and T. durum landraces collected from different locations of Fertil Crescent were used as plant material and were screened against salinity stress at the seedling stage. The ANOVA results showed significant differences between genotypes, stress treatments, and their interaction. The results indicate that T. dicoccoides genotypes were found more tolerant to salinity than other species for seedling weight. The results reveal that T. boeoticum genotypes were more tolerant to salinity than other species for seedling root length. The results indicate that T. dicoccoides genotypes were found more tolerant to salinity than other species for root weight. Regarding shoot length, T. dicoccoides genotypes performed better compared to others. T. durum genotypes had the highest STI value (0.53) for seed germination percentage. Thus, T. durum landraces were found to be more tolerant to salinity in terms of various studied traits and may serve as potential genetic sources for the development of salinity tolerance wheat cultivars. © 2025, Pakistan Botanical Society. All rights reserved.
Mineral Profiling of Turkish Wheat Genetic Resources Unveiled Their Conserved Potential for Biofortification in Combating Hidden Hunger
(Springer Nature, 2025) Aktaş, H.; Nadeem, M.A.; Tutuş, Y.; Doğan, S.; Karaman, M.; Erdemci, İ.; Doğan, Yusuf; Baloch, F.S.; Aktaş, Hüsnü
Micronutrient deficiencies, also known as hidden hunger, pose a threat to the global population alongside food scarcity. Wheat is a staple food for a huge population and available commercial cultivars generally lack sufficient mineral contents. Crop wild relatives harbor novel variation crucial for crop improvement programs including biofortification. The southeastern region of Türkiye is blessed with diverse wheat germplasm. This study aimed to explore the mineral content diversity in different wheat species germplasm; [i.e.] Triticum boeoticum, T. dicoccoides, T. durum, and T. aestivum. Various mineral elements; [i.e.] Zn, Fe, K, P, S, Mg, Ca, and Mn were investigated in the grains of 192 genotypes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed highly significant genotypic effects of all traits in T. boeoticum, T. dicoccoides, and T. durum. The highest seed Zn concentration (77.8 mg kg−1) was found in T. boeoticum genotype-36 and the lowest (24.9 mg kg−1) was recorded in genotype T. aestivum genotype-4. A total of 16 genotypes belonging to T. dicoccoides had > 50 mg kg−1 grain Zn content and can be a potential source for developing Zn-enriched durum wheat cultivars. Maximum Fe content (109 mg kg−1) was found in T. dicoccoides genotype-11, while minimum (29 mg kg−1) was recorded in T. durum genotype-55. Zinc and Fe contents in T. boeoticum and T. dicoccoides genotypes were found more than twice as reported previously with T. durum and bread wheat germplasm. Grain Zn contents showed a highly significant and positive correlation with the various studied traits. Principal components analysis (PCA) and biplot confirmed that first two principal components accounted for a total of 79.14% variation. The present investigation confirmed that available bread wheat's genetic resources have low genetic diversity and its wild relatives conserve unexplored variation that can be helpful for wheat biofortification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
Origin, Taxonomy, and Distribution of Ancient Wheats in Turkey
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Baloch, F.S.; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Aktaş, H.; Rasheed, A.; Nadeem, M.A.; Cabi, E.; Hatipoğlu, R.; Sajjad, M.
Ancient wheats “einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum), emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) and spelt (T. aestivum L. ssp. spelta),” which are diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheats, respectively, are also known as “ancient wheat (also termed as farro).” Ancient wheats are not only a promising source of many important traits related with biotic and abiotic stresses for modern wheat improvement, but they are also attracting renewed interest for cultivation due to the global efforts in enhancing food diversity. The exploitation of ancient species is seen as a key factor to further drive genetic improvements in wheat breeding programs worldwide. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to have information about the taxonomy of the ancient wheats to design a breeding for tetraploid and hexaploid wheat for the growing population of the world. For designing the breeding program, we need to introgress favorable alleles from these precious ancient wheat genetic resources. Turkey, one of the most important diversity and domestication centers of wheat, harbors frequent distribution of the various diploid and tetraploid ancient wheat species. In this chapter, we tried to summarize the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationship of various ancient wheat species belonging to different ploidy levels and their distribution areas in Turkey. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.