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Browsing by Author "Ali, Amjad"

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    Molecular Screening of Septoria-Resistant Genes in Historical Turkish Bread Wheat Germplasm Using the Validated Gene Specific Ssr Markers
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Ali, Amjad; Olmez, Fatih; Tatar, Muhammed; Mortazavi, Parnaz; Altaf, Muhammad Tanveer; Turgay, Emine Burcu; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad
    Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, poses a significant threat to global wheat production, particularly in Turkiye. Resistance breeding is the most sustainable and effective disease control method. Molecular markers, especially simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are extensively employed in wheat breeding to enhance the efficacy. The primary objective of this study was to identify Stb resistance genes among 143 historical registered Turkish bread wheat genotypes released as commercial cultivars between 1963 to 2014, using 16 closely linked SSR markers. The findings revealed substantial genetic variation among the screened cultivars, with the Stb3 gene being the most prevalent, identified in 89.51% of the samples. Other notable resistant genes included Stb13 (71.32%), Stb4 (43.33%), and Stb11 (41.25%). Cultivars Porsuk-2811, Porsuk-2853, and Porsuk-2868 exhibited the highest level of resistance to STB, with 10 resistance genes detected. Of the 143 cultivars screened, 10 were found to carry a total of nine Stb genes, while two cultivars were observed to possess only a single resistance gene. The study identified 23 wheat cultivars harboring 8-10 Stb resistance genes, which are highly recommended for future wheat breeding programs and gene pyramiding strategies to combat Z. tritici. This research provides critical insights for national breeding programs, supporting the development of resilient and high-yielding wheat varieties resistant to STB.
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    Citation - WoS: 11
    Citation - Scopus: 13
    Stripe rust resistance gene Yr15 in Turkish and Kazakhstan wheat germplasms and the potential of Turkish wild emmer for stripe rust breeding
    (Institute for Ionics, 2023) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Ali, Amjad; Tajibayev, Daniyar; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Ölmez, Fatih; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Cömertpay, Gönül; İmren, Mustafa; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü
    Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a devastating obligate fungal biotroph that causes stripe rust disease in wheat in temperate and cooler regions, especially in Kazakhstan and Turkey. Chemical control of Pst is not a sustainable or economic strategy in these countries. Therefore, a suitable alternative to these pesticides, such as the development of resistant wheat cultivars, is needed. During the present investigation, a large set of wheat germplasms was characterized to determine the presence of the broad-spectrum resistance Yr15 gene using Y15K1_F2/uhw30_1R primers. This collection contained 360 accessions including 233 durum and bread wheat collected from KASIB cultivars and advanced lines that were developed by eight breeding programs within the Kazakhstan-Siberia Wheat Improvement Network and Turkey, and 127 wild emmer collected from Turkey only. The positive control was wild emmer IDs WEW 83-1, WEW 84-1, and WEW-85, which previously showed positive amplification of the Yr15 gene with these primers. Yr15, a broad-spectrum R-gene derived from wild emmer wheat encoding a putative kinase-pseudokinase protein designated as wheat tandem kinase 1, comprises a unique R-gene structure in wheat against the yellow (stripe) rust. None of the tested cultivated wheat germplasms from 174 durum wheat of the KASIB Network or 59 of bread wheat from Turkey showed positive amplification, but 89 of 127 (70.07%) wild Triticum dicoccoides showed positive amplification. The collection from the Karacadağ regions showed the maximum number of genotypes (46) with positive amplification for Yr15, followed by Eruh (10), Şırnak (5), Malazgir-Tunceli (4), Tunceli (4), Şırnak-Uludere yol (3), Tunceli-Pülümür (3), and Karacadağ/Kerteş Köyü –Siverek (3). We conclude that wild wheat cultivars are a good source of the Yr15 gene and that introgression of this gene into the cultivated wheat germplasm of both countries should be performed to manage the Pst pathogen in the future