Browsing by Author "Baloch, F.S."

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Citation - Scopus: 6
Contribution of Landraces in Wheat Breeding
(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Nadeem, M.A.; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Yeken, M.Z.; Tekin, M.; Mustafa, Z.; Hatipoğlu, R.; Aktaş, H.; Baloch, F.S.; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü
Agricultural production system is extremely vulnerable to climate change, and this change will heavily affect the grain yields, thereby threating the food security worldwide. People from developing countries are at greatest risk of experiencing food insecurity, and today, millions of people are going to bed hungry. Wheat is serving as a staple food for millions of people around the world. Development of high-yielding wheat varieties during the Green Revolution is considered an important event in agricultural history. However, these plant breeding activities also resulted in genetic erosion in wheat. Moreover, it is also believed that after domestication process, selection process also resulted in the loss of genetic diversity of wheat. Therefore, commercial wheat cultivars are prone to various biotic and abiotic stresses. To combat with climate changes and to serve enough quantity of food with quality, there is a need to harness wheat landraces. Landraces are considered as repository of gene pool that enhance the biodiversity and maintain and stabilize the ecosystem in a sustainable way to make it functional. Wheat landraces are traditional crop populations developed by the farmers through natural and human selection under their years of cultivations and have adaptation to local environment and management practices. Wheat landraces have more genetic diversity compared to their cultivated ones, and breeding community has utilized their potential in development of climate-resilient wheat cultivars. Here, we are exploring the role of landraces in wheat breeding and hoping that provided information will catch the attention of breeding community to collect, conserve, and perform breeding activities using wheat landraces. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Mineral Profiling of Turkish Wheat Genetic Resources Unveiled Their Conserved Potential for Biofortification in Combating Hidden Hunger
(Springer Nature, 2025) Aktaş, H.; Nadeem, M.A.; Tutuş, Y.; Doğan, S.; Karaman, M.; Erdemci, İ.; Doğan, Yusuf; Baloch, F.S.; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Doğan, Serap; Department of Plant Protection / Bitki Koruma Bölümü; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü; Department of Irrigation / Sulama Bölümü
Micronutrient deficiencies, also known as hidden hunger, pose a threat to the global population alongside food scarcity. Wheat is a staple food for a huge population and available commercial cultivars generally lack sufficient mineral contents. Crop wild relatives harbor novel variation crucial for crop improvement programs including biofortification. The southeastern region of Türkiye is blessed with diverse wheat germplasm. This study aimed to explore the mineral content diversity in different wheat species germplasm; [i.e.] Triticum boeoticum, T. dicoccoides, T. durum, and T. aestivum. Various mineral elements; [i.e.] Zn, Fe, K, P, S, Mg, Ca, and Mn were investigated in the grains of 192 genotypes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed highly significant genotypic effects of all traits in T. boeoticum, T. dicoccoides, and T. durum. The highest seed Zn concentration (77.8 mg kg−1) was found in T. boeoticum genotype-36 and the lowest (24.9 mg kg−1) was recorded in genotype T. aestivum genotype-4. A total of 16 genotypes belonging to T. dicoccoides had > 50 mg kg−1 grain Zn content and can be a potential source for developing Zn-enriched durum wheat cultivars. Maximum Fe content (109 mg kg−1) was found in T. dicoccoides genotype-11, while minimum (29 mg kg−1) was recorded in T. durum genotype-55. Zinc and Fe contents in T. boeoticum and T. dicoccoides genotypes were found more than twice as reported previously with T. durum and bread wheat germplasm. Grain Zn contents showed a highly significant and positive correlation with the various studied traits. Principal components analysis (PCA) and biplot confirmed that first two principal components accounted for a total of 79.14% variation. The present investigation confirmed that available bread wheat's genetic resources have low genetic diversity and its wild relatives conserve unexplored variation that can be helpful for wheat biofortification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
Citation - Scopus: 0
Origin, Taxonomy, and Distribution of Ancient Wheats in Turkey
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Baloch, F.S.; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Aktaş, H.; Rasheed, A.; Nadeem, M.A.; Cabi, E.; Hatipoğlu, R.; Sajjad, M.; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü
Ancient wheats “einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum), emmer (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) and spelt (T. aestivum L. ssp. spelta),” which are diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheats, respectively, are also known as “ancient wheat (also termed as farro).” Ancient wheats are not only a promising source of many important traits related with biotic and abiotic stresses for modern wheat improvement, but they are also attracting renewed interest for cultivation due to the global efforts in enhancing food diversity. The exploitation of ancient species is seen as a key factor to further drive genetic improvements in wheat breeding programs worldwide. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to have information about the taxonomy of the ancient wheats to design a breeding for tetraploid and hexaploid wheat for the growing population of the world. For designing the breeding program, we need to introgress favorable alleles from these precious ancient wheat genetic resources. Turkey, one of the most important diversity and domestication centers of wheat, harbors frequent distribution of the various diploid and tetraploid ancient wheat species. In this chapter, we tried to summarize the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationship of various ancient wheat species belonging to different ploidy levels and their distribution areas in Turkey. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
Citation - WoS: 121
Citation - Scopus: 137
A Whole Genome Dartseq and Snp Analysis for Genetic Diversity Assessment in Durum Wheat From Central Fertile Crescent
(Public Library of Science, 2017) Baloch, F.S.; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Alsaleh, A.; Shahid, M.Q.; Çiftçi, V.; Sáenz De Miera, L.E.; Aasim, M.; Hatipoǧlu, R.; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü
Until now, little attention has been paid to the geographic distribution and evaluation of genetic diversity of durum wheat from the Central Fertile Crescent (modern-day Turkey and Syria). Turkey and Syria are considered as primary centers of wheat diversity, and thousands of locally adapted wheat landraces are still present in the farmers' small fields. We planned this study to evaluate the genetic diversity of durum wheat landraces from the Central Fertile Crescent by genotyping based on DArTseq and SNP analysis. A total of 39,568 DArTseq and 20,661 SNP markers were used to characterize the genetic characteristic of 91 durum wheat land races. Clustering based on Neighbor joining analysis, principal coordinate as well as Bayesian model implemented in structure, clearly showed that the grouping pattern is not associated with the geographical distribution of the durum wheat due to the mixing of the Turkish and Syrian landraces. Significant correlation between DArTseq and SNP markers was observed in the Mantel test. However, we detected a non-significant relationship between geographical coordinates and DArTseq (r = -0.085) and SNP (r = -0.039) loci. These results showed that unconscious farmer selection and lack of the commercial varieties might have resulted in the exchange of genetic material and this was apparent in the genetic structure of durum wheat in Turkey and Syria. The genomic characterization presented here is an essential step towards a future exploitation of the available durum wheat genetic resources in genomic and breeding programs. The results of this study have also depicted a clear insight about the genetic diversity of wheat accessions from the Central Fertile Crescent. © 2017 Baloch et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.