Browsing by Author "Baloch, Faheem Shehzad"

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Allelic variations of glutenin subunits and their association with quality traits in bread wheat genotypes
(Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2017) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü
The present study was conducted to evaluate the genotype × environment interaction of the yield and quality traits for five bread wheat varieties commonly grown in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and 20 advanced lines developed within the framework of the International Winter Wheat Improvement Project. We also determined the allelic pattern of the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci of these genotypes and examined whether these loci had an effect on the quality traits. There was a significant variation among the genotypes and environments in terms of grain yield, protein content, sedimentation volume (SV), and the extensograph dough energy value (EDEV). The results of the study indicated that genotypic effect was more influential on SV and EDEV than environmental effect; thus, both traits could be used in breeding programs to develop elite cultivars with better quality. Twelve different high-molecularweight (HMW) glutenin alleles were identified at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci, resulting in 14 allelic combinations, and 17 different alleles were observed in 19 combinations for low-molecular-weight (LMW) subunits. Furthermore, among all the genotypes, 13 + 16 and 13 + 19 alleles at Glu-B1 and 5 + 12 at Glu-D1 were observed to have the lowest frequency. Our study indicated that the combinations of HMW glutenin alleles with 2* at Glu-A1, 17 + 18 and 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, and 5 + 10 at Glu-D1, as well as the combinations of LMW alleles with subunits c and d at Glu-A3; subunits d, b, c, and g at Glu-B3; and subunits a and b at Glu-D3 had positive effects on the quality traits.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 10
Allelic variations of glutenin subunits and their association with quality traits in bread wheat genotypes
(2017) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü
The present study was conducted to evaluate the genotype × environment interaction of the yield and quality traits for five bread wheat varieties commonly grown in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and 20 advanced lines developed within the framework of the International Winter Wheat Improvement Project. We also determined the allelic pattern of the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci of these genotypes and examined whether these loci had an effect on the quality traits. There was a significant variation among the genotypes and environments in terms of grain yield, protein content, sedimentation volume (SV), and the extensograph dough energy value (EDEV). The results of the study indicated that genotypic effect was more influential on SV and EDEV than environmental effect; thus, both traits could be used in breeding programs to develop elite cultivars with better quality. Twelve different high-molecularweight (HMW) glutenin alleles were identified at the Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci, resulting in 14 allelic combinations, and 17 different alleles were observed in 19 combinations for low-molecular-weight (LMW) subunits. Furthermore, among all the genotypes, 13 + 16 and 13 + 19 alleles at Glu-B1 and 5 + 12 at Glu-D1 were observed to have the lowest frequency. Our study indicated that the combinations of HMW glutenin alleles with 2* at Glu-A1, 17 + 18 and 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, and 5 + 10 at Glu-D1, as well as the combinations of LMW alleles with subunits c and d at Glu-A3; subunits d, b, c, and g at Glu-B3; and subunits a and b at Glu-D3 had positive effects on the quality traits.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Molecular Screening of Septoria-Resistant Genes in Historical Turkish Bread Wheat Germplasm Using the Validated Gene Specific Ssr Markers
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2025) Ali, Amjad; Olmez, Fatih; Tatar, Muhammed; Mortazavi, Parnaz; Altaf, Muhammad Tanveer; Turgay, Emine Burcu; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, poses a significant threat to global wheat production, particularly in Turkiye. Resistance breeding is the most sustainable and effective disease control method. Molecular markers, especially simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are extensively employed in wheat breeding to enhance the efficacy. The primary objective of this study was to identify Stb resistance genes among 143 historical registered Turkish bread wheat genotypes released as commercial cultivars between 1963 to 2014, using 16 closely linked SSR markers. The findings revealed substantial genetic variation among the screened cultivars, with the Stb3 gene being the most prevalent, identified in 89.51% of the samples. Other notable resistant genes included Stb13 (71.32%), Stb4 (43.33%), and Stb11 (41.25%). Cultivars Porsuk-2811, Porsuk-2853, and Porsuk-2868 exhibited the highest level of resistance to STB, with 10 resistance genes detected. Of the 143 cultivars screened, 10 were found to carry a total of nine Stb genes, while two cultivars were observed to possess only a single resistance gene. The study identified 23 wheat cultivars harboring 8-10 Stb resistance genes, which are highly recommended for future wheat breeding programs and gene pyramiding strategies to combat Z. tritici. This research provides critical insights for national breeding programs, supporting the development of resilient and high-yielding wheat varieties resistant to STB.
Citation - WoS: 36
Citation - Scopus: 36
Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Relationship of Turkish Wild and Cultivated Emmer (Triticum Turgidum Ssp. Dicoccoides) Revealed by Ipbs-Retrotransposons Markers
(Friends Science Publishers, 2019) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Aktas, Husnu; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Zencirci, Nusret; Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü
Wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is the progenitor of cultivated wheat. Turkey is the main center of wheat and plays a vital role in the spread of various crops among the continents. Karacadag region is considered as the domestication center of wheat and still, hundreds of landraces are prevalent. A total of 29 wild emmer landraces, 4 cultivated emmer wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccum) and five durum wheat (T. turgidum ssp. durum) cultivars were investigated for the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship using the iPBS-retrotransposons markers. Mean polymorphism and polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 87.85% and 0.660, respectively. Mean effective numbers of alleles (1.961), Shannon's Information Index (0.682) and gene diversity (0.489) reflected the occurrence of a great level of variations. T17 and Chermik-1 genotypes were found much distinct and breeding valuable genotypes for wheat breeding. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) divided all genotypes by their genetic makeup and geographical locations. Among 3 species, UPGMA based clustering clearly separated the durum wheat from wild emmer and cultivated emmer wheat. Results are clearly supported by the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and model-based structure algorithm. Information provided herein comprehensively reflected the power of iPBS-retrotransposons for the diversity and phylogenetic relationship investigation and reflected that this marker system can be effectively applied to investigate phylogenetic and taxonomic relationship in any crop due to its universal nature. (C) 2019 Friends Science Publishers
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 13
Stripe rust resistance gene Yr15 in Turkish and Kazakhstan wheat germplasms and the potential of Turkish wild emmer for stripe rust breeding
(Institute for Ionics, 2023) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Ali, Amjad; Tajibayev, Daniyar; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Ölmez, Fatih; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Cömertpay, Gönül; İmren, Mustafa; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a devastating obligate fungal biotroph that causes stripe rust disease in wheat in temperate and cooler regions, especially in Kazakhstan and Turkey. Chemical control of Pst is not a sustainable or economic strategy in these countries. Therefore, a suitable alternative to these pesticides, such as the development of resistant wheat cultivars, is needed. During the present investigation, a large set of wheat germplasms was characterized to determine the presence of the broad-spectrum resistance Yr15 gene using Y15K1_F2/uhw30_1R primers. This collection contained 360 accessions including 233 durum and bread wheat collected from KASIB cultivars and advanced lines that were developed by eight breeding programs within the Kazakhstan-Siberia Wheat Improvement Network and Turkey, and 127 wild emmer collected from Turkey only. The positive control was wild emmer IDs WEW 83-1, WEW 84-1, and WEW-85, which previously showed positive amplification of the Yr15 gene with these primers. Yr15, a broad-spectrum R-gene derived from wild emmer wheat encoding a putative kinase-pseudokinase protein designated as wheat tandem kinase 1, comprises a unique R-gene structure in wheat against the yellow (stripe) rust. None of the tested cultivated wheat germplasms from 174 durum wheat of the KASIB Network or 59 of bread wheat from Turkey showed positive amplification, but 89 of 127 (70.07%) wild Triticum dicoccoides showed positive amplification. The collection from the Karacadağ regions showed the maximum number of genotypes (46) with positive amplification for Yr15, followed by Eruh (10), Şırnak (5), Malazgir-Tunceli (4), Tunceli (4), Şırnak-Uludere yol (3), Tunceli-Pülümür (3), and Karacadağ/Kerteş Köyü –Siverek (3). We conclude that wild wheat cultivars are a good source of the Yr15 gene and that introgression of this gene into the cultivated wheat germplasm of both countries should be performed to manage the Pst pathogen in the future
Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin Buğday Genetik KaynaklarıBakımından Potansiyeli ve Sürdürülebilir Olarak Korunması
(Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 2018) Aktaş, Hüsnü; Oral, Erol; Doğan, Serap; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Doğan, Serap; Karaman, Mehmet; Çiğ, Fatih; Department of Seed Production / Tohumculuk Teknolojisi Bölümü; Department of Irrigation / Sulama Bölümü
Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde verimli hilal olarak bilinen yer buğdayın ilk kültüre alındığı merkez konumundadır. Diyarbakır, Şanlıurfa ve Mardin illerinin üçgeninde yer alan Karacadağ, buğdayın A ve B genom vericileri olan diploid yabani buğday türleri Triticum boeoticum (2n=14, AA) ve Aegilops speltoides (2n=14, BB), aynı zamanda durum buğdayının yakın akrabası, tetraploid buğday türü Triticum dicoccoides (2n=28, AABB) bakımından dünyanın en zengin bölgesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. D genom vericisi olan Aegilops tauschii türü ise Erzurum, Kars, Şanlıurfa, Şırnak, Hakkâri, Van illerinde doğal olarak yetişmektedir. Nevala Çori, Çayönü ve Göbekli Tepe gibi alanlardaki arkeolojik kazılarda da diploid ve tetraploid buğday örneklerinin yanı sıra tarım aletlerine de rastlanılmıştır. Bölgede tarımın çok eski dönemlerde yapıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Yabani buğday türleri bakımından doğal bir laboratuvar olan Türkiye’nin güneydoğusu aynı zamanda, yerel buğday çeşitleri bakımından da zengin bir biyo çeşitliliğe sahip olup, Sorgül, Havrani, Karakılçık, Aşure, Menceki, Beyazi ve daha birçok yerel çeşit günümüzde bu bölgedeki marjinal alanlarda yetiştirilmektedir. Fakat, dünya gıda güvenliği için hayati öneme sahip buğday genetik kaynaklarındaki çeşitlilik, modern tarım teknikleri, şehirleşme, aşırı otlatma ve doğadan aşırı toplama gibi faktörler nedeniyle olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Verimli modern ıslah çeşitlerinin yaygınlaşması daha çok yerel buğdayların yetiştiriciliği için, Karacadağ’da yabani buğdaylara doğal bir koruma sağlayan bazalt taşların toplanıp tarım alanı açmak, inşaat ve yol yapımında kullanılmaya başlaması, bu yöredeki yabani buğdaylardaki genetik çeşitlilik için büyük tehdit olarak görülmelidir. Genetik kaynakların in-situ (doğal habitat içinde koruma) koruma altına alınması için birtakım uygulamalar gerektirirken, aynı zamanda ex-situ (doğal habitat dışında) koruma ile tohum gen bankalarında muhafazası ve bu genetik kaynaklardaki gen allellerinin tespiti ve karakterizasyon işlemleri hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, FAO tarafından desteklenen proje kapsamında 2009-2014 yıllarında yerel buğdayların toplanması sırasında yapılan gözlemlerden elde edilen veriler ışığında, Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinin buğday genetik kaynakları bakımından potansiyeli, ülkemiz ve dünya gıda güvenliği açısından önemi ve bu kaynakların sürdürülebilir bir koruma altına alınması için yapılması gerekenler konu alınmıştır.