Browsing by Author "Demir, Cemil"

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Association with Leptin Gene c.-2548 G > A Polymorphism, Serum Leptin Levels, and Body Mass Index in Turkish Obese Patients
(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2013) Say Şahin, Deniz; Tümer, Cemil; Demir, Cemil; Çelik, M. Murat; Çelik, Mustafa; Uçar, Edip; Güneşaçar, Ramazan
Leptin is a protein hormone which plays a critical role in the regulation of both body-weight through reducing food intake and stimulating energy expenditure. Several polymorphisms in leptin gene (LEP), which encodes for leptin, have been described. However, its association with obesity is still controversial. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate whether LEP c.-2548 G > A polymorphism was associated with serum leptin levels, lipid parameters, and body mass index in Turkish obese patients. Forty-seven obese patients and 48 healthy individuals were included in the study. Blood samples were collected for DNA extraction. LEP c.-2548 G > A polymorphism were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Serum leptin levels and lipid parameters were measured by ELISA and enzyme colorimetric assay techniques, respectively. GA or AA genotypes and A allele carrier frequencies of the c.-2548 G > A polymorphism in the LEP were higher in obese (38.3, 34.0 and 72.3 %) when compared with controls (14.6, 12.5, and 27.1 %; p = 0.011, 0.016, and 0.002, respectively). On the other hand, AA or AG genotypes were also related to increased serum leptin levels (p < 0.001) and body mass index (p < 0.0001). All these consequences showed that LEP -2548 AA or AG genotypes are important predictors for increased levels of leptin and BMI in Turkish obese patients and it may be a useful marker for obesity risk in our population.
distribution of Oxa-Type Carbapenemase Genes in Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii strains: an Investigation by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method
(Doc design informatics Co Ltd, 2019) Demirci, Mehmet; Yigin, Akin; Demir, Cemil
Objective: Carbapenems are the most important broad spectrum antimicrobials used in the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections, but resistance to carbapenems is increasing worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the distribution of OXA-type carbapenemase genes observed in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and to provide epidemiological data. Methods: Between January 2016 and January 2018, 20 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains from clinical specimens were included in the study. DNA isolations were performed, and distribution of OXA-type carbapenemase genes were examined using primers and TaqMan probes specific to genes of OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-51 and OXA-58 carbapenemases by real-time PCR method. Results: Tigecycline was the best choice for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains, of which 16 (80%) were susceptible to this antimicrobial. bla(OXA-51) was detected in all strains, while bla(OXA-24) was detected in only 1 (5%) strain. Of 20 strains, 10 showed the presence of bla(OXA-23) and bla(OXA-51) simultaneously. Conclusions: Simultaneous occurence of bla(OXA-23) and bla(OXA-51 )is remarkable in terms of distribution of OXA-type carbapenemases in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains. Valuable epidemiological data can be obtained by performing routine surveillance of such strains by means of techniques that can produce fast and reliable results such as real-time PCR.
Efficacy of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 against biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus strains obtained from chronic wound infections
(Elsevier, 2022) Demirci, Mehmet; Yigin, Akin; Demir, Cemil
The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 showed inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus strains, which often responsible for wound infections. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of biofilm-containing wound infections is important. Thus, this study aimed to investigate both the antimicrobial and biofilm efficacy of LL-37 against biofilm-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains and biofilm-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains obtained from chronic wound infections and its effect on different quorum sensing and virulence genes at suboptimal concentrations. Fifteen biofilm-forming MRSA and 15 biofilm-forming MSSA strains were included in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and biofilm formation were tested by microdilution methods. Real-time PCR was performed to determine gene expression levels. MIC values for LL-37 were 89.6 mg/L and 132.3 mg/L for MSSA and MRSA strains, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between MRSA and MSSA strains in terms of the effect of LL-37 on biofilm formation. A statistically significant difference was found between MRSA and MSSA strains for atlA, RNAIII, and agrA gene expression levels following exposure to a suboptimal concentration of LL-37. Ultimately, the required LL-37 antimicrobial concentration was quite high; however, LL-37 antibiofilm concentration may be acceptable for use in humans against biofilm-forming MRSA and MSSA strains. This is the first study to investigate to effect of a suboptimal LL-37 concentration on gene expression levels of biofilm-forming MSSA and MRSA strains. LL-37 affected quorum sensing and biofilm producing mechanisms, even at suboptimal MIC concentrations.
Evaluation of the Serological, Biochemical and Hemogram Parameters of Patients Prediagnosed with Hydatid Cyst
(2021) Demir, Cemil; Cetik Yildiz, Songul
Objective: Hydatid cyst or echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus, which is common in our country. It is necessary to use radiological and serological methods as diagnosing this disease based on clinical symptoms is very difficult. In this retrospective study, it was aimed to determine the condition in our region by retrospectively analyzing the hemogram, biochemistry, radiological and pathological findings and the epidemiological data of the patients prediagnosed with hydatid cyst. Materials and Methods: A total of 412 patients, 279 female and 133 male, who applied to various clinics of the Mardin State Hospital with hydatid cyst prediagnosis. 52 patients were diagnosed with hydatid cyst based on ultrasonography, computerized tomography and radiological findings, and liver involvement was detected in all 64 patients, 12 of which were pathologically verified. Results: 38 (59.3%) of 64 patients included in the study were female, 26 (40.6%) were male and their ages ranged from 0-77. The most common symptoms were severe abdominal pain, distention, chest pain, shortness of breath, 415 cough, fever, nausea and vomiting. 83.4% of the patients applied to the general surgery, 5.5% applied to the pediatric surgery and 10.1% applied to other clinics. Conclusion: The parameter with the highest increase was GGT, followed by ALT, AST and ALP. Elevated RDW (29%) was the most common finding in the hemogram parameters, followed by decreased MCV, hematocrit and hemoglobin.
Examination of the effects of kefir on healing factors in a mice burn model infected with E.coli, S.aureus and P.aeruginosa using qRT-PCR
(Elsevier, 2023) Çetik Yıldız, Songül; Demir, Cemil; Ayhancı, Adnan
Burn areas are susceptible to bacterial growth and infections, particularly in cases with lengthy periods of hospital stay. Burn wound healing, which involves various molecular and cellular mechanisms, continues to be a significant problem. Growth factors and cytokines play an active and vital role in wound healing. In the present study, the effects of kefir on wound healing in a 2nd-degree mouse burn model infected with e.coli, s.aureus and p.aeruginosa were investigated in vitro. In order to clarify the effects of kefir in the wound healing process, the macroscopic changes in kefir-applied scar tissue as well as wound depth and width were examined and IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α, VEGF, TGF-β protein levels were determined using the qRT-PCR method. The findings of the present study show that kefir has a positive impact on the factors playing a role in wound healing and accelerates the healing process.
Giardia intestinalis Genotiplerinin, Real-Time PCR Yöntemi ile Dışkı Örneklerinden Belirlenmesi
(Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi, 2018) Demirci, Mehmet; Yiğin, Akın; Demir, Cemil; Acel, Düriye Pelin
Amaç: Giardia intestinalis flagellalı, Giardiyaz’a neden olan bir protozoondur ve dünya çapında önemli bir sorundur. Moleküler yöntemlerle sekiz farklı genotipi saptanan G. intestinalis’de, A ve B genotipinin, insan ve memelilerde hastalıklarla ilişkili olduğu ve farklı genotiplerin, farklı klinik tablolar meydana getirebildiği bildirilmektedir. Biz de bu bilgiler ışığında, giardiyaz tanısı almış ve G. intestinalis pozitif saptanan dışkı örneklerinde bulunan G. intestinalis genotiplerinin dağılımını real-time PCR yöntemi ile belirlemeyi ve moleküler epidemiyolojik bir veri sunmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2016-Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında, hem nativ hem de lugol ile mikroskobik olarak incelenen dışkı örnekleri içinde G. intestinalis kist ve/veya trofozoit’i pozitif bulunan 50 G. intestinalis pozitif hastanın dışkı numuneleri çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Dışkı örneklerinden DNA izolasyonu gerçekleştirildikten sonra genotip A ve genotip B için spesifik primerler kullanılarak real-time PCR ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza dâhil edilen 50 giardiyaz tanılı hastanın dışkı örneklerinde, 28’inde (%56) A genotipi saptanırken, 17’sinde (%34) B genotipi, 5’inde (%10) ise hem A, hem de B genotipi bulundu. Cinsiyete göre saptanan genotipler incelendiğinde, erkeklerde ve kadınlarda sırasıyla 25 (%50) ve 25 (%50) olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, çalışmamız ile ülkemizde giardiyaza neden olan ama ayrımı yalnızca moleküler yöntemlerle ortaya konabilen G. intestinalis genotipleri incelenerek, G. intestinalis’in A genotipinin, B genotipine oranla biraz daha fazla olduğu belirlendi. Ülkemizde G. intestinalis’in moleküler epidemiyolojisine yönelik veriler sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın buna katkı sağlayacağı düşüncesindeyiz.
Hepato-preventive and anti-apoptotic role of boric acid against liver injury induced by cyclophosphamide
(Elsevier GmbH, 2019) Cengiz Mustafa; Çetik Yıldız, Songül; Demir, Cemil; Kulcanay Şahin, İlknur; Teksoy, Özgün; Ayhancı, Adnan
This study aims to examine cyclophosphamide (CP) exsposure associated toxicity on rat livers and the likely defensive effects of boric acid (BA). The rats used in this study were divided into four groups: control group, CP group, BA group, and BA + CP group. The present study was carried out using routine histological H&E stain, immunohistochemical stain caspase-3 as apoptotic marker, serum biochemical analysis for liver function markers (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkalen phosphatase (ALP)), oxidative stress markers (total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and total antioxidant capacity marker (TAC)). In the CP group, the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TOS, OSI and caspase-3 increased whereas TAC levels decreased compared with the control group. In the BA + CP group, the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TOS, OSI and caspase-3 decreased whereas TAC levels increased compared with the CP group. The histopathological evaluation of light microscope images and immunohistochemical caspase-3 activity in the BA + CP group were found to be decrease compared with those in the CP group. In conclusion, BA was successful in defending the liver against apoptosis and histopathological changes that are attributable to CP. © 2019 Elsevier GmbH
In Vitro Antitumor and Antioxidant Capacity as Well as Ameliorative Effects of Fermented Kefir on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity on Cardiac and Hepatic Tissues in Rats
(Mdpi, 2024) Yildiz, Songul Cetik; Demir, Cemil; Cengiz, Mustafa; Irmak, Halit; Cengiz, Betul Peker; Ayhanci, Adnan
Fermented prebiotic and probiotic products with kefir are very important to slow down and prevent the growth of tumors and to treat cancer by stimulating the immune response against tumor cells. Cyclophosphamide (CPx) is widely preferred in cancer treatment but its effectiveness in high doses is restricted because of its side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of kefir against CPx-induced heart and liver toxicity. In an experiment, 42 Wistar albino rats were divided into six treatment groups: the control (Group 1), the group receiving 150 mg/kg CPx (Group 2), the groups receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir (Groups 3 and 4) and the groups receiving 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir + CPx (Group 5 and 6). Fermented kefirs obtained on different days by traditional methods were mixed and given by gavage for 12 days, while a single dose of CPx was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the 12th day of the experiment. It was observed that alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and Troponin I values, which indicate oxidative stress, increased in the CPx-administered group, and this level approached that of the control in the CPx + kefir groups. Likewise, as a result of the kefir, the rats' CPx-induced histopathological symptoms were reduced, and their heart and liver tissue were significantly improved. In conclusion, it was observed that kefir had a cytoprotective effect against CPx-induced oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, bringing their biochemical parameters closer to those of the control by suppressing oxidative stress and reducing tissue damage.
Investigation of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage by real-time PCR in patients receiving hemodialysis treatment
(2023) Cetik Yildiz, Songul; Demir, Cemil
ABSTRACT Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which are significant nosocomial pathogens, have become a growing global problem because their carriage and diseases have become resistant to many antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate and determine the rate of MRSA carriage among patients receiving hemodialysis treatment using molecular methods. Methods: In the 254 hemodialysis patients, the nasal carriage rates, susceptibility and resistance to S. aureus, CoNS and MRSA were examined using culture and real-time PCR methods. Nasal samples from hemodialysis patients were examined using real-time PCR. Microscopic examination was performed using the Gram staining method, and S. aureus was identified using catalase and coagulase. The strains were then tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Staphylococci was isolated from 231 of the 254 patients. Results: S. aureus carriage was detected in 50 patients, MRSA in 16, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in 33, CoNS in 66, methicillin-resistant CoNS (MR-CoNS) in 38, and methicillin-susceptible CoNS (MSCoNS) in 28. S. aureus and MRSA strains exhibited 100% susceptibility to nitrofurantoin, and vancomycin. MSSA strains showed the highest susceptibility to chloramphenicol, clindamycin (84.8%), and co-trimoxazole (36.4%). CoNS showed 100% susceptibility to vancomycin, and 16.7% susceptibility to ampicillin. Vancomycin was found to be the most effective antibiotic against S. aureus, CoNS, and MRSA pathogens identified in patients undergoing hemodialysis, whereas penicillin resistance was found. Conclusions: It can be concluded that one of the most effective ways to prevent the formation of antibiotic resistant strains is the hygiene of the hospital and hospital staff. Real-time PCR is very important for analyzing with high sensitivity.
Investigation of the antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus aureus from subclinical bovine mastitis cases
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2016) Aslantas, Ozkan; Demir, Cemil
A total of 112 Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from subclinical bovine mastitis cases were examined for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm-forming ability as well as genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, biofilm-forming ability, and adhesin. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined by disk diffusion method. Biofilm forming ability of the isolates were investigated by Congo red agar method, standard tube method, and microplate method. The genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, biofilm-forming ability, and adhesion were examined by PCR. Five isolates (4.5%) were identified as methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus by antibiotic susceptibility testing and confirmed by mecA detection. The resistance rates to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were 45.5, 39.3, 33, 26.8, 5.4, 0.9, and 0.9%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible against vancomycin and gentamicin. The blaZ (100%), tetK (67.6%), and ermA (70%) genes were the most common antibiotic-resistance genes. Using Congo red agar, microplate, and standard tube methods, 70.5, 67, and 62.5% of the isolates were found to be biofilm producers, respectively. The percentage rate of icaA, icaD, and bap genes in Staph. aureus isolates were 86.6, 86.6, and 13.4%, respectively. The adhesion molecules fnbA, can, and clfA were detected in 87 (77.7%), 98 (87.5%), and 75 (70%) isolates, respectively. The results indicated that Staph. aureus from sublinical bovine mastitis cases were mainly resistant to beta-lactams and, to a lesser extent, to tetracycline and erythromycin. Also, biofilm- and adhesion-related genes, which are increasingly accepted as an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Staph. aureus infections, were detected at a high rate.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci from Horses, Personnel and Environmental Sites at an Equine Hospital in Turkey
(JAPAN SOC VET SCI, 2012) Aslantas, Ozkan; Turkyilmaz, Suheyla; Yilmaz, Mehmet Ali; Erdem, Zeynep; Demir, Cemil
The present study was carried out to assess the frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) among racehorses (n=209) and veterinary personnel (n=13) as well as environmental surfaces (n=14) at an equine hospital in Adana, Turkey. In addition, species distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance genes, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type and clonality of these isolates were also investigated. MRS were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, and typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). As a result, MRS was isolated in horses (48.3%), clinic staff (92.3%) and environmental samples (71.4%). Of the 123 MRS isolates, 118 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus lentus, and the remaining ones were found to be S. sciuri (n=3), S. intermedius (n=1) and S. fleuretti (n=1). All isolates were found to be susceptible against vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and rifampicin. Additionally, single or various combinations of resistance genes were detected among MRS isolates. SCCmec type II was identified in all isolates. Similar PFGE patterns were observed among MRS isolated from horses, humans, and environmental samples. Since MRS were concurrently isolated from horses and humans it is suggested that cross-transmission of MRS between horses and humans might occur. However, it cannot be ruled out that transmission is human to animal or animal to human.
Kistik Ekinokokkoz Ön Tanısı ile Başvuran Hastaların Radyolojik, Hemogram ve Biyokimyasal Analizlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
(2021) Demir, Cemil; Yıldız, Songül Çetik
Giriş ve Amaç: Hydatid cyst ya da echinococcosis, ülkemizde yaygın olarak görülen Echinococcus granulosus’un neden olduğu ve larval dönemin oluşturduğu zoonotik paraziter bir hastalıktır. Klinik semptomlarla bu hastalığın tanısını koymak oldukça zor olduğundan radyolojik ve serolojik yöntemlerin kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu retrospektif çalışmada, kist hidatik ön tanısı konulan hastaların hemogram, biyokimya, radyolojik, patolojik bulguları ile epidemiyolojik verileri geriye dönük olarak incelenerek bölgemizdeki durumun belirlenip değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, Kamu Hastaneler Birliği Mardin Devlet Hastanesine kist hidatik ön tanısı ile çeşitli kliniklere başvuran 279’u kadın 133’ü erkek olmak üzere toplam 412 hasta dahil edilmiştir. 412 hastadan 52’ine ultrasonografi, bilgisayarlı tomografi ve radyolojik bulgular ile kist hidatik tanısı konulmuş olup 12’sinde patolojik olarak doğrulanmış toplam 64 hastanın hepsinde karaciğerde tutulumunun olduğu saptanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 64 hastanın 38 (%59.3)’i kadın, 26 (%40.6)’sı erkek olup yaşları 0 ile 77 arasında değişmektedir. Hastalarda şiddetli karın ağrısı, karın şişliği, göğüs ağrısı, nefes darlığı, öksürük, ateş, bulantı, kusma en sık olarak saptanan semptomlardır. Hastaların sırasıyla; %83.4’ü genel cerrahi, %5.5’inin çocuk cerrahisi ve %10.1’inin ise diğer kliniklerine başvurduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Biyokimyasal olarak tanı anında en sık yükselen test GGT olup, bunu ALT, AST, ALP artışı izlemiştir. Hemogram parametrelerinde RDW yüksekliği (%29) en sık rastlanılan bulgu olup, bunu hematokrit, hemoglobin ve MCV düşüklüğü sırayla takip etmiştir.
Mardin İl Merkezinde 1-6 Yaş Grubu Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Yanıklarda İlk Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi
(2013) Battaloğlu İnanç, Betül; Say Şahin, Deniz; Demir, Cemil
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, annelerin yanık ve ilk yardım hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi, yanıkla karşılaştıklarında ne yapacakları, acil uygulamaların tespit edilmesi ve araştırma sonunda annelere doğru bilgi verilerek, bu konudaki bilgi eksikliklerinin giderilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya katılacak olan anneler, 1-6 yaş grubu çocuğu olan, 25-49 yaş grubundaki anneler arasından, randomize olarak seçilen, araştırma hakkında bilgilendirildikten sonra, katılmak isteyen 1000 gönüllü anneye, anket yoluyla uygulandı. Bulgular: Çocukların, % 21.6’sında yanık meydana geldiği, yanıkların % 81.4’ünün ev içinde, %18.6’sının ev dışında oluştuğu, yanık vakalarına, 2-4 yaş grubunda karşılaşıldığı, annelerin yanık konusunda bilgi eksikliklerinin olduğu ve yanığa ilk müdahale konusunda, araştırmaya katılan tüm annelerin % 89.6’sının bilgilerini yeterli bulmadıkları saptandı. Sonuç: Çalışmamız sonucunda, annelerin yanıkta ilk yardım konusunda, bilgi eksikliklerinin var olduğu saptandı. Bu konuda, annelerin bilgi eksikliklerinin uygulanacak eğitim faaliyetleri ile giderilmesi, annelerin doğru uygulamalar konusunda bilgilendirilmesi gerekliliği görülmüştür.
Presence of biofilm and adhesin genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains taken from chronic wound infections and their genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial sensitivity patterns
(2020) Demir, Cemil; Demirci, Mehmet; Yigin, Akin; Tokman, Hrisi Bahar; Cetik Yildiz, Songul
The purpose of this research was to examine biofilm (icaA, icaD and bap) and adhesin (clfA, fnbA, cna) genes, and also assess the genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains taken from wound specimens in Mardin, Turkey. A total of 220 wound specimens were investigated. The biofilm forming ability and resistance pattern for eleven antimicrobial agents were investigated by conventional and multiplex PCR methods. S. aureus were taken from 112 (50.9%) of 220 wound specimens. Moreover, biofilm production was found in 79 (70.5%) of the 112 S. aureus isolates. 97 (86.6%) strains of all isolates were positive for icaA and icaD, and 15 (13.4%) for bap. The adhesin genes, cna, fnbA and clfA were detected in 98 (87.5%), 87 (77.7%), and 75 (66.9%) strains, respectively. The numbers of MSSA and MRSA bearing antimicrobial resistance genes were 19 (16.96%) and 32 (28.57%) for blaZ, 9 (8.04%) and 17 (15.18%) for tetK, 6 (5.36%) and 14 (12.5%) for ermC, 2 (1.79%) and 7 (6.25%) for tetM, 0 (0%) and 5 (4.46%) for mecA, 2 (1.79%) and 4 (3.57%) for ermA, 1 (0.89%) and 2 (1.79%) for both tetK and tetM, respectively. Our findings indicate that multiplex PCR is a suitable way for identifying biofilm and adhesin producing S. aureus. Our data also provided a country-wide oversight of the S. aureus antimicrobial resistance gene profiles for the properly therapy of patients and to control the spreading of the resistance genes.
Presence of Biofilm and Adhesin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Taken from Chronic Wound Infections and their Genotypic and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns
(Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2020) Demir, Cemil; Demirci, Mehmet; Yigin, Akin; Bahar Tokman, Hrisi; Çetik Yıldız, Songul
The aim of this study was to investigate some biofilm (icaA, icaD and bap) and some adhesion (clfA, fnbA, cna) genes, and also evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from wound samples in Mardin, Turkey. A total of 220 wound samples were studied. The biofilm forming ability and resistance pattern for eleven antimicrobial agents were investigated by conventional and multiplex PCR methods. S. aureus was isolated from 112 (50.9%) of 220 wound samples. Moreover, biofilm production was found in 79 (70.5%) of the 112 S. aureus isolates. 97 (86.6%) strains of all isolates were positive for icaA and icaD, and 15 (13.4%) for bap. The adhesin genes, cna, fnbA and clfA were detected in 98 (87.5%), 87 (77.7%), and 75 (66.9%) strains, respectively. The numbers of MSSA and MRSA carrying antimicrobial resistance genes were 19 (16.96%) and 32 (28.57%) for blaZ, 9 (8.04%) and 17 (15.18%) for tetK, 6 (5.36%) and 14 (12.5%) for ermC, 2 (1.79%) and 7 (6.25%) for tetM, 0 (0%) and 5 (4.46%) for mecA, 2 (1.79%) and 4 (3.57%) for ermA, 1 (0.89%) and 2 (1.79 %) for both tetK and tetM, respectively. Our findings indicate that multiplex PCR is a reliable method for identifying biofilm and adhesin producing S. aureus. Our data also provided a nationwide surveillance of the antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of S. aureus for the accurate treatment of patients and to control the dissemination of the resistance genes.
Probiyotik Kefirin Sıçanlarda Siklofosfamid Kaynaklı Nefrotoksisite ve Ürotoksisite Üzerine İmmünoterapötik ve Hücre Koruyucu Etkileri
(2024) Yıldız, Songül Çetik; Demir, Cemil; Cengiz, Mustafa; Irmak, Halit; Cengiz, Betül Peker; Ayhanci, Adnan
Doğal olarak oluşan fermente bir süt ürünü olan kefirin, sıçanlarda siklofosfamid (CP) ile indüklenen hemorajik sistit ve nefrotoksisiteye karşı antioksidan, anti-apoptotik ve anti-inflamatuar etkileri gibi farmakolojik ve terapötik niteliklerini değerlendirmek. Bu amaçla, deneysel sıçanlar 6 gruba ayrılmıştır; control (Grup 1), 150 mg/kg CP (Grup 2), 5 mg/kg kefir (Grup 3), l0 mg/kg kefir (Grup 4), 5 mg/kg kefir+150 CP (Grup 5), l0 mg/kg kefir+150 CP (Grup 6). Farklı günlerde fermente edilen kefirlerde farklılık olmadığı için 1., 2. ve 3. gün kefirleri karıştırılarak sıçanlara 12 gün boyunca verilmiş, CP ise deneyin 12. gününde tek doz ve i.p. olarak verilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilen parametreler değerlendirilmiştir. Histolojik değerledirmeler sonucunda CP'nin böbrek ve mesane de toksisiteye neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan biyokimyasal değerlendirme ile CP uygulanan deney grubunda, doku toksisite belirteçleri olan serum kan üre nitrojen (BUN) ve kreatinin (Cre) seviyelerindeki önemli artış görülğrken hücre içi antioksidan sistem belirteçlerinden olan katalaz (CAT), glutatyon (GSH), superoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve glutatyon peroksidaz (GPx) düzeylerinde ise önemli azalma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, kefir (5 ve 10 mg/kg) tedavisi neticesinde meydana gelen tüm değerler tersine dönmüştür. Bu sonuçlar kefirin CP kaynaklı hemorajik sistit ve nefrotoksisiteye karşı etkili bir koruyucu olduğunu göstermiştir.
The Protection Afforded by Kefir Against Cyclophosphamide Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rats by Oxidant Antioxidant and Histopathological Evaluations
(Nature Portfolio, 2024) Yildiz, Songul Cetik; Demir, Cemil; Cengiz, Mustafa; Irmak, Halit; Cengiz, Betul Peker; Ayhanci, Adnan
Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is the most commonly used effective alkylating drug in cancer treatment, but its use is restricted because its toxic side effect causes testicular toxicity. CTX disrupts the tissue redox and antioxidant balance and the resulting tissue damage causes oxidative stress. In our study based on this problem, kefir against CTX-induced oxidative stress and testicular toxicity were investigated. Rats were divided into 6 groups: control, 150 mg/kg CTX, 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir, 5 and 10 mg/kg kefir + 150 CTX. While the fermented kefirs were mixed and given to the rats for 12 days, CTX was given as a single dose on the 12th day of the experiment. Testis was scored according to spermatid density, giant cell formation, cells shed into tubules, maturation disorder, and atrophy. According to our biochemical findings, the high levels of total oxidant status (TOS), and the low levels of total antioxidant status (TAS) in the CTX group, which are oxidative stress markers, indicate the toxic effect of CTX, while the decrease in TOS levels and the increase in TAS levels in the kefir groups indicate the protective effect of kefir. In the CTX-administered group, tubules with impaired maturation and no spermatids were observed in the transverse section of the testicle, while in the kefir groups, the presence of near-normal tubule structures and tubule lumens despite CTX showed the protective effect of kefir. In our study, it was observed that kefir had a protective and curative effect on CTX-induced toxicity and oxidative stress and could be a strong protector.
Protective properties of kefir on burn wounds of mice that were infected with S. aureus, P. auroginasa and E. coli
(Cellular and Molecular Biology (CMB), 2019) Çetik Yıldız, Songül; Demir, Cemil; Cengiz, Mustafa; Ayhanci, Adnan
Burns and burn wounds are very sensitive to infections and cause a large amount of death worldwide. Although burn wound is sterile at the beginning, because of the risk factors such as prolonged hospital stay, immune suppression and burn affecting large surface area, colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli occur. For the burn therapy, one of the most important ways is to control bacterial infections. A probiotic fermented milk product kefir has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anticancer and various health promoting features. This study aims to examine possible protective properties of kefir which was used on the burn wounds that were infected with S. aureus, P. auroginasa and E. coli. Swiss albino / Balb-c mice were seperated into four groups: (1) used as control group, (2) second-degree burn model+ burn wounds were infected with P.aeruginosa + S.aureus + E.coli, (3) second-burn wounds were treated with sterile pads dressed with kefir and (4) second-degree burn+burn wounds were infected with P. aeruginosa + S.aureus +E.coli before being treated with sterile pads dressed with kefir. The serum biochemical results verified the histopathological results and our findings showed that kefir is an effective product with cell-protecting properties.