Browsing by Author "Zencirci, Nüsret"

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Contribution of Landraces in Wheat Breeding
(Springer, 2021) Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Yeken, Mehmet Zahit; Tekin, Mehmet; Mustafa, Zemran; Hatipoğlu, Rüştü; Aktaş , Hüsnü; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Cabi, Evren; Habyarimana, Ephrem; Zencirci, Nüsret; Karaköy, Tolga; Özkan, Hakan; Baloch, Faheem Shehzad
Agriculture is one of the oldest livelihood sources of mankind. Humans remained actively involved in the selection of favorable traits which resulted in significant changes in the phenotype and genotype of wild plants. In addition to man’s selection activities, environmental factors also played a significant contribution in the selection of various favorable traits suitable for man-made land and gardens. Combination of these activities resulted in the development of distinctive populations called “landraces” (Zeven 1998). Landraces are dynamic populations of cultivated plants having a historical background, genetically diverse and distinct identity, and good adaptation to local environment and that are associated with traditional farming systems (Villa et al. 2005). Dwivedi et al. (2016) stated that landraces are heterogeneous populations of domesticated species having great adaptation to local environment and can serve as a source of genetic variations that can be very helpful to combat the current and new challenges for farming in changing environments. Landraces are found phenotypically diverse and less productive compared to their cultivated types (Mir et al. 2020). However, regarding their quality attributes, landraces have been found highly nutritious compared to their cultivated ones (Azeez et al. 2018). Landraces played a major role in plant breeding by providing novel genes for various agronomic, quality, mineral, biotic, and abiotic traits (Azeez et al. 2018; Lopes et al. 2015). An impressive increase in yields per hectare was the result of the “Green Revolution” due the inclusion of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) having better response to inputs (Mir et al. 2020). After the inclusion of these high-yielding varieties, it was supposed that landraces will inevitably disappear with time (Frankel and Bennett 1970; Zeven 1998). However, these breeding activities led to genetic erosion and emergence of various modern cultivars that are prone to various biotic and abiotic stresses. It is estimated that approximately 75% loss of genetic diversity is observed in the last 100 years (Hammer et al. 1996). Globally, loss of genetic diversity is very alarming because it can be used to combat food scarcity problems in the long term. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to collect, preserve, and grow these landraces as they guarantee the existence of variations that can be used for breeding of crops for the production of more quantity of food with high quality. Besides the inclusion of HYVs, landraces maintained their position by playing a key role in agricultural production, specifically in those environments where commercial cultivars failed their competitive advantage (Casañas et al. 2017).
Evaluation Of Bread And Einkorn Wheat Under in Vıtro Drought stress
(The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2017) Aslan, Didem; Aktaş , Hüsnü; Ordu, Bülent; Zencirci, Nüsret
The purpose of this study was to investigate the resistance of bread and einkorn wheat genotypes under in vitro conditionsagainst drought stress during germination. Twelve bread and ten einkorn wheat genotypes were used as plant material and sevendrought stress levels were appliedbased ona three-replicate factorial restricted randomized block design in order to investigate their effects on germination rate (GR), germinating power (GP), coleoptile length (CL), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot root length ratio (SRLR), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), and root fresh dry weight ratio (RFDWR) during the year 2014-2015. PEG–6000 was used toevaluate the effect of drought stress under in vitro conditions on the wheat genotypes.The values of all traits were decreasedbytheincreased effect ofPEG levels (p≤ 0.05).The results of the variance analysisshowedthat thegenotypeshadsignificant statistical differences for theexaminedtraits under drought stress(p < 0.05).According to theresults of theGGE biplot analysis, of the total variation between the genotypes and traits investigated under drought stress (75.97%), PC1and PC2 represented51.51% and 24.47%, respectively. In addition, einkorn wheat populationswerelocated inthesector of GR, GP, and SRL,which means that these populations had agreater performance for these traits under drought stress conditions.Bread wheat and einkorn genotypes behaved differently for the traits under drought stress. It is considered that the results of the field and in vivo experiments for cold and drought stresswill contribute toproducingreliable suggestions.
Stripe Rust Partial Resistance Increases Spring Bread Wheat Yield in South-eastern Anatolia, Turkey
(Journal of Phytopathology, 2016) Aktaş , Hüsnü; Zencirci, Nüsret
Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is the most serious disease of wheat globally including south-eastern Anatolia of Turkey, where wheat originated. In this study, 12 spring wheat genotypes were artificially inoculated and preserved in two locations, Diyarbakır and Adıyaman, during the 2011–2012 season to investigate loss in yield and yield components. Genotypes were evaluated at the adult plant stage using two partial resistance parameters: final disease severity and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). AUDPC ranged from 14.8 to 860 in Diyarbakır, and 74 to 760 in Adıyaman. Yield loss ranged from 0.6 to 68.5% in Diyarbakır and 9.8 to 56.8% in Adıyaman. Genotypes G1, G5, G7 and G8 were found to lose less yield, while higher yield loss was observed in G3, G4 (Nurkent), G5 and G9 (Karacada g-98). The highest loss in thousand kernel weight was observed in a susceptible cultivar Karacada g-98 in Diyarbakır followed by 43.4 and 24.4% in Adıyaman. Test weight loss reached 8.89% in Diyarbakır and 20.8% in Adıyaman. Yield loss and AUDPC had a positive significant relationship. Based on the values of AUDPC, final disease severity and yield loss, three major clusters were formed for 12 wheat genotypes. Partially resistant genotypes were found to lose less grain yield and seemed to be stronger against severe stripe rust pressure.