Total Phenolic Content, in Vitro Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities of the Ethanol Extract of Rosehip (Rosa Canina L.) Naturally Distributed in Elazığ Province

Abstract

Research continues on the identification of plants with activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content of the ethanol extract of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) fruits grown in Elazığ, Türkiye, as well as its in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Agar Well Diffusion Method; antioxidant activities were evaluated using the DPPH and CUPRAC methods; and anticancer studies were conducted on A549 (ATCC CCL-185), U2OS (ATCC HTB-96), and HUVEC (ATCC CRL-1730) cell lines using the MTT assay. Optimization studies were performed according to Response Surface Methodology. As a result, it was found that the total phenolic content of the extract was 79.013±3.5; it was determined that aqueous alcohol extracts had antimicrobial effects only on B. cereus and did not have any antimicrobial effects on E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Stp. aureus bacteria, and it demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on different cell lines. The most pronounced effect was observed in the HUVEC cell line, while the effects increased with prolonged incubation time in the A549 and U2OS cell lines.