Amasra Kalesi ve Surlu Yerleşim Dokusunda Kentsel Kültürel Ve Arkeolojik Mirasın Sürdürülebilir Gelişimi

Abstract

Araştırma alanı olarak Amasra Kalesi ve surlu yerleşim dokusundaki Kaleiçi ve Boztepe Mahallesi seçilmiştir. Amasra kenti hem tarihi hem de kültürel açıdan oldukça zengin değerlere sahip olması nedeni ile kent planlamasında bu değerlerin ön plana çıkarılması ve korumaya yönelik planlama kararlarının alınması önem arz etmektedir. Araştırma alanına özgü mekânsal analizler yapılarak güncel durum ortaya konulmuştur. Literatür taraması, araştırma alanında sörvey çalışması, kentsel mekânsal analizler ve doğal, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik yapıya ilişkin SWOT analizi araştırmanın yöntemini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada kale ve surların tahrip olması, kaçak yapılaşmalar, silueti bozan yapılaşmalar vb. sorunların kentsel kültürel mirasın korunması ve sürdürülebildiğinin sağlanmasını olumsuz yönde etkilediği saptanmıştır. Sonuçta, Amasra Kalesi ve surlu yerleşim alanının kent için önemli bir “landmark” özelliği taşıdığı ve “kentsel kültürel miras alanı” olarak sürdürülebilirliğinin önem taşıdığı vurgulanarak, araştırma alanına yönelik kentsel kültürel mirasın sürdürülebilirliği bağlamında gelişim hedefleri üretilmiştir.

Cultural landscapes can be as large as thousands of hectares, it may be as much as a city fountain, too. Historical buildings or areas are the most important objects that indicate the history, origins and changes of countries. Cultural landscapes are important areas where nature and the interaction of human beings are exhibited. Traditional urban texture are important cultural heritage sites with their unique historical and architectural features in terms of the sustainability of urban cultural landscape. Due to deficiencies in the inventory of natural and cultural assets that compose the components of the cultural landscape, evaluations in terms of protection and development are insufficient. The elimination of these deficiencies is crucial in determining the qualities of landscape planning to be done in cities with historical and archaeological values and in the perception of cultural landscapes. Amasra city chosen as a research area in this context is one of the important attraction centers for tourism with an ancient port city feature of 3000 years in the half island position which is foreground in West Black Sea Region with its historical and cultural characteristic along with its natural features. Amasra Castle is also an example of walled settlement. Amasra Castle was first built during the Romans period, and today's walls were built during the Byzantine period. A.D. In the 14th and 15th centuries, front walls and gates were made to defend better by the Genovese. The walls today surround two of the islands of Boztepe and Kaleiçi (Zindan) district. These two islands are interconnected by the Roman Kemere Bridge. The walls were built with large block stones and fortified with square shaped towers. Amasra Castle was registered in 1976 by the High Council of Immovable Monuments and Antiquities and the Archaeological and Natural Site by the 1985 and 1990 decisions of the Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation Board. As of 2013, Amasra Castle has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage Interim List as " On Geneviz Trade Road, castle and walled settlements from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea ". Aim: Kaleiçi and Boztepe districts in the texture of walled settlements and Amasra Castle were chosen as the research area. The reason why Amasra city has rich values both in terms of historical and cultural aspects, it is important to foreground of these values and make planning decisions for protection in urban planning. The main purpose of this declaration is to examine the Amasra Castle and walled settlement in the context of the sustainability of urban cultural heritage. Context: Spatial analysis peculiar to the research area have been made and the current situation has been presented. Limits: The survey was limited to the Kaleiçi and Boztepe districts located in the texture of Amasra Castle and the walled settlement area. Literature review, surveys in research area, urban spatial analysis and landscape assessment are the methods of research. In the light of the spatial analysis executed within the scope of the study it is revealed that the research area has national and international importance. However, the destruction of castle and walls, illegal construction, skyline-disturbing constructions, and other problems affect the preservation and sustainability of urban cultural heritage. It is emphasized that the Amasra Castle and the walled settlement area carry an important "landmark" characteristic for the city and that sustainability is important as an "urban cultural heritage site".