Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde Mardin (1923-1960)
Date
2023
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Publisher
Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
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Abstract
Türkiye’de modern devletin ve modern toplumun yaratılmasına yönelik çalışmalar her ne kadar 1920’li
yıllarda başlasa da asıl olarak 1930’ların başından itibaren yoğunlaşmaya başlamıştır. Cumhuriyet’in
kuruluşundan 1930’lu yılların başına kadar Mardin’de kent yaşamının modernleşmesiyle ilgili büyük dönüşüm gerçekleşmemiştir. Modernleşme sürecinin yavaş ilerlemesine neden olan en önemli sorun bütçe yetersizliğiydi. Bu yıllarda öncelik verilen konuların başında sınırdaki kaçakçılık sorunu, bulaşıcı hastalıkların yaygınlığı ve susuzluk gelmekteydi. Mardin’e su tesisatlarının döşenmesi ancak 1950’lerin sonuna kadar aşamalı ve farklı tarihlerde mümkün olabilmişti.
Mardin bölgesinde hayvan yetiştiriciliği ve üretimi çok fazla olması sebebiyle, bulaşıcı hastalıkların
Türkiye’ye yayılması mümkündü. Hastalıklara anında müdahale edilmesi için 1926 yılında Mardin Serum
Laboratuvarı kurulmuştu. Ayrıca Suriye ile yapılan anlaşmalara, bulaşıcı hastalıkların önlenmesi konusunda maddeler de eklenmişti. Böylece Türkiye geneline yayılması muhtemel olan salgınların önüne geçilmişti.
Mardin şehri, sınır ve güvenlik merkezi olması sebebiyle, devlet otoritesinin ve kontrolünün yoğun
biçimde uygulandığı bir alandı. Valilerinin bir bölümü aynı zamanda belediye başkanlığı görevini üstlenmişti. Valiler, sınır güvenliğinin sağlanması ve kaçakçılığın önlenmesi konularında bir araya gelen Türkiye-Suriye ve Türkiye-Irak Komisyonlarında görev alma yetkisine sahiptiler. Valiler ayrıca halkın okur-yazarlık seviyesinin yükseltilmesi amacıyla Millet Mektepleri, Türk Ocakları, Halkevleri ve Türk Dilini Yayma Cemiyetleri’nin çalışmalarına destek vermekteydiler.
Mardin’in üretim ve ihracat kapasitesinde en fazla etkili olan sektörler, tarım ve hayvancılık idi. Ülke
ekonomisine önemli katkısı olan bu üretimlere devlet desteği verilmekte ve burada yapılan faaliyetler Ankara tarafından denetlenmekteydi. Dokumacılık, kuyumculuk, telkâri (gümüş işlemeciliği), taş oymacılığı vb. alanlarda da üretim yapılmaktaydı. Mardin şehrinde 1930’lu yıllarda başlayan modernleşme ve üretim
hareketleri asıl olarak 1950’lerden itibaren etkili olabilmiştir.
In spite of the fact that the endeavors for the establishment of the modern state and modern society in Türkiye started in the 1920s, they started to intensify mainly by the early 1930s. Since the foundation of the Republic until the early 1930s, no major transformation was available in Mardin regarding the modernization of urban life. The most substantial setback that caused the modernization process to proceed slowly was the insufficiency of budget. The most important issues in these years have been the problem of smuggling at the border, the prevalence of infectious diseases and thirst. The installation of waterworks in Mardin was only incrementally possible until the late 1950s and at various dates. Due to the high number of livestock raising and husbandry in the Mardin region, it was possible for infectious diseases to spread across Türkiye. Mardin Serum Laboratory has been established in 1926 for the purpose of responding to diseases immediately. Moreover, articles on the prevention of infectious diseases were included to the conventions concluded with Syria. Thus, epidemics that would have been spread throughout Türkiye have been prevented accordingly. Since the province of Mardin has served as a border and security center, it was a region where state authority and control have intensively been executed. Some of its governors also served as mayors. The governors had the authority to take seat in the Türkiye-Syria and Türkiye-Iraq Commissions convening on the matters such as border security and prevention of smuggling. The governors have also supported the endeavors of the National Schools, Turkish Hearths, Community Centers and Societies for the Dissemination of the Turkish Language for the purpose of increasing the literacy level of the people. The sectors that had the most impact on Mardin's production and export capacity were agriculture, livestock raising and husbandry. These productions, having a significant contribution to the country's economy, have been provided with the state support and the activities performed there have been supervised by Ankara. Productions have also been carried out in the fields of weaving, jewelry, filigree (silver embroidery), stone carving, etc. The modernization and production movements started in the 1930s in the province of Mardin have been effective as of the 1950s.
In spite of the fact that the endeavors for the establishment of the modern state and modern society in Türkiye started in the 1920s, they started to intensify mainly by the early 1930s. Since the foundation of the Republic until the early 1930s, no major transformation was available in Mardin regarding the modernization of urban life. The most substantial setback that caused the modernization process to proceed slowly was the insufficiency of budget. The most important issues in these years have been the problem of smuggling at the border, the prevalence of infectious diseases and thirst. The installation of waterworks in Mardin was only incrementally possible until the late 1950s and at various dates. Due to the high number of livestock raising and husbandry in the Mardin region, it was possible for infectious diseases to spread across Türkiye. Mardin Serum Laboratory has been established in 1926 for the purpose of responding to diseases immediately. Moreover, articles on the prevention of infectious diseases were included to the conventions concluded with Syria. Thus, epidemics that would have been spread throughout Türkiye have been prevented accordingly. Since the province of Mardin has served as a border and security center, it was a region where state authority and control have intensively been executed. Some of its governors also served as mayors. The governors had the authority to take seat in the Türkiye-Syria and Türkiye-Iraq Commissions convening on the matters such as border security and prevention of smuggling. The governors have also supported the endeavors of the National Schools, Turkish Hearths, Community Centers and Societies for the Dissemination of the Turkish Language for the purpose of increasing the literacy level of the people. The sectors that had the most impact on Mardin's production and export capacity were agriculture, livestock raising and husbandry. These productions, having a significant contribution to the country's economy, have been provided with the state support and the activities performed there have been supervised by Ankara. Productions have also been carried out in the fields of weaving, jewelry, filigree (silver embroidery), stone carving, etc. The modernization and production movements started in the 1930s in the province of Mardin have been effective as of the 1950s.
Description
ORCID
Keywords
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi, Kent Tarihi, Mardin, Modernleşme, Kentleşme
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
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Source
Doktora Tezi
Volume
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Start Page
1
End Page
312