Harnessing Emerging Technologies for Green Sustainability: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Pathways

Abstract

Emerging technologies have become pivotal in advancing green sustainability by fostering innovative solutions to environmental challenges while promoting economic growth. This chapter explores the transformative potential of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Industry 4.0 innovations in optimizing resource management, enhancing operational efficiency, and reducing environmental impacts. Also it highlights the critical role of sustainable energy technologies, digital circular economy practices, and financial innovations in driving systemic change. By examining the interplay between technological advancements, economic considerations, and policy frameworks, the chapter underscores the need for integrative approaches to achieve sustainability goals and also addresses limitations, including the digital divide, technological integration challenges, and lifecycle impacts, and identifies future research directions. These include equitable access to technologies, hybrid systems, and interdisciplinary strategies that align innovation with environmental and social objectives. To conclude, this chapter offers a comprehensive understanding of how emerging technologies can serve as catalysts for sustainable development, paving the way for a resilient and equitable future. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.