Arapça gramer konuları ve konuların sınıflandırma kriterleri
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2022
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Bu Araştırma, Arap gramerinin mantığının temeli, yapısı ve bilimsel kökenlerinin çekirdeği olan karmaşık bir gramer olgusunu incelemektedir. Bu olgunun gramer meselelerinin temeli ve dayanağı olduğunu söylersek abartmış olmayız. Bu çalışma üç terimi kapsamaktadır: Gramer bölümü, Sınıflandırma ve Onaylanmış standartları, Dağıtım ve çoklu standartları. Araştırmamızın konusu dilbilgisi bölümlerinde benimsenen standartları tasnif ve dağıtım düzeylerinde netleştirmektir. Birinci seviyede gramer bölümlerini ve kullanılan sınıflandırma kriterlerini inceledik. Örneğin: Fa'il bölümü, Mefulün bih bölümü, Muzâfun ileyh bölümü, Mübteda bölümü, Haber bölümü, Nefy edatları bölümü, kelime ve cümle düzeyinde istînâf cümlesi bölümü. İkinci seviyede gramer bölümlerini, kelime ve cümle düzeyinde bağlı kalınan dağıtım kriterlerini inceledik. Örneğin: Lazım fiiller, müteaddi fiiller, Camid fiiller, Mutasarrıf Fiiller, Merfu, Mansub ve Mecrur isimler, Tek, ikili, üçlü ve dörtlü harfler, irâbta mahalli olan ve olmayan cümleler. Bu araştırma, iki eksen üzerinde durmuştur. Birincisi, terimlerin içeriğini inceleyen ve onunla ilgili her şeyi açıklayan teorisyen eksendir. İkincisi, gramerci ve dilbilimcilerin sözleri ve tanımlarından bahsederek her birinde kullanılan standartları ayrı ayrı çıkararak özel ve genel anlamda her bölümü inceleyen, kelime ve cümle, sınıflandırma ve dağıtım düzeyinde mefhumları açıklayan uygulamalı bir bölüm. Ardından, tüm dilbilgisi bölümleri sınıflandırılmasında işlevsel anlamı ana kriter haline getirmek için yeni bir öneri sunulmuştur Çalışmamız, Arap gramerinin bölümlerine ve standartlarına genel ve net bir bakış sunmaktadır. Dilbilimcilerin tanımları ve sözleri çalışmamızın temelini teşkil etmektedir. Amacı ise okuyucuyu bu kriterlerin nahvin yeni öğretim sistemine ne kadar uygun olduğunu ortaya koymaktır
The research studies a complex syntactical phenomenon that is considered the basis for Arabic syntax and its theory, the basic block of its philosophy and the core of its academic and synthetic fundamentals. We will not be exaggerating when we describe it as being the mother and pillar of syntactical phenomena. This study sets the framework of three terms, i.e., syntactical chapter, classification and its adopted standards, and distribution including its various standards. The subject of our research involves the clarification of the adopted standards of syntactical chapters at the levels of classification and distribution. We will study in the first level the syntactical chapters and their adopted classification standards, such as the subject chapter, the object chapter, the genitive chapter, the inchoative chapter, the informative chapter, the negation articles chapter and the continuative sentence chapter at the level of words and the level of sentences. We will study in the second level the syntactical chapters and the distribution standards allocated to them at the levels of words and sentences, such as intransitive and transitive verbs, inflexible and flexible verbs, nominative, accusative and genitive nouns, one-letter, two-letter, three-letter and four-letter articles, grammatically functional sentences and grammatically non-functional sentences. The study is characterized by working on two aspects, the first of which is theoretical and studies terms, showing their nature, and everything about them; and the second of which is applied and studies each chapter, whether at its special or general meaning or at its word and sentence levels, in addition to the classification and distribution levels through mentioning the statements, definitions and induction of grammarians and linguists and extracting the standard adopted for each of them separately. Afterwards, we will present a new proposition on making the functional meaning the basic standard for the classification and distribution of all syntactical chapters. Our study presents a clear panoramic view of the chapters and standards of Arabic syntax, combining a mosaic of the definitions and statements of grammarians and linguists, to give the reader or recipient a full insight into those standards and their conformity to the regenerative syntactical lesson.
The research studies a complex syntactical phenomenon that is considered the basis for Arabic syntax and its theory, the basic block of its philosophy and the core of its academic and synthetic fundamentals. We will not be exaggerating when we describe it as being the mother and pillar of syntactical phenomena. This study sets the framework of three terms, i.e., syntactical chapter, classification and its adopted standards, and distribution including its various standards. The subject of our research involves the clarification of the adopted standards of syntactical chapters at the levels of classification and distribution. We will study in the first level the syntactical chapters and their adopted classification standards, such as the subject chapter, the object chapter, the genitive chapter, the inchoative chapter, the informative chapter, the negation articles chapter and the continuative sentence chapter at the level of words and the level of sentences. We will study in the second level the syntactical chapters and the distribution standards allocated to them at the levels of words and sentences, such as intransitive and transitive verbs, inflexible and flexible verbs, nominative, accusative and genitive nouns, one-letter, two-letter, three-letter and four-letter articles, grammatically functional sentences and grammatically non-functional sentences. The study is characterized by working on two aspects, the first of which is theoretical and studies terms, showing their nature, and everything about them; and the second of which is applied and studies each chapter, whether at its special or general meaning or at its word and sentence levels, in addition to the classification and distribution levels through mentioning the statements, definitions and induction of grammarians and linguists and extracting the standard adopted for each of them separately. Afterwards, we will present a new proposition on making the functional meaning the basic standard for the classification and distribution of all syntactical chapters. Our study presents a clear panoramic view of the chapters and standards of Arabic syntax, combining a mosaic of the definitions and statements of grammarians and linguists, to give the reader or recipient a full insight into those standards and their conformity to the regenerative syntactical lesson.
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Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatı, Eastern Linguistics and Literature
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1
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284