Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü

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7-15 years of age group children' hypertension and obesity
(2013) Battaloğlu İnanç, Betül
Amaç: Mardin ili, ilköğretim okullarındaki öğrencilerde, hipertansiyon ve obezite değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışma, Mardin ilinin, farklı sosyoekonomik düzeyindeki, üç ilköğretim okulunda, 3460 öğrenciyle yürütüldü. Öğrencilerin, obeziteleri Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’ne (WHO), kan basınçları Amerikan Pediatri Akademisi’nin yayınladığı standartlara göre tanımlandı. Çalışmanın verileri SPSS paket programında, ki-kare testi ile değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p <0.05 olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: Fazla ağırlığı olan çocuk % 15.78, obez olan çocuk oranı % 10.57’ dir. Obezite sıklığı kız çocuklar için % 9.05 ve erkek çocuklar için % 11.97’ dir ( p<0.01). Öğrencilerin % 1.30’ unda presistolik hipertansiyon, % 2.02’ sinde sistolik hipertansiyon, % 2.65’ inde prediyastolik hipertansiyon ve % 2.74’ ünde diyastolik hipertansiyon görüldü. Ailesinde hipertansiyon olanlar ve onların çocukları arasında hipertansiyon ilişkisi yoktu. İki saatin üzerinde televizyon seyreden çocuklarda, obezite mevcuttu ( p=0.03). Sonuç: Okul sağlığı açısından, hipertansiyon ve obezite değerlendirmeleri gereklidir. Bu nedenle okul çağı çocuklarının muayenelerinde, bu konu mutlaka yer almalı, hipertansiyon ve obezite konusunda öğrencilere ve ailelerine eğitimler verilmelidir.
Akut Kalp Yetmezliğinde Tedavi Yaklaşımı
(AKADEMİSYEN, 2023) Günlü, Serhat
GIRIŞ Akut Kalp Yetmezliği (AKY) hastanın acil tıb- bi yardım alması için yeterince şiddetli bir kli- nik duruma, plansız bir hastaneye yatışa veya acil servis başvurusuna yol açan kalp yetmezliği semptomlarının ve/veya belirtilerinin hızlı veya aşamalı olarak başlamasını ifade eder (1). AKY’li hastalarının tedavilerinin planlanması için acil değerlendirilmesi gerekir. AKY, 65 yaş üstü kişi- lerde hastaneye yatışların önde gelen nedenidir (2). Yüksek mortalite ve tekrarlayan hastaneye yatış oranları mevcuttur. Hastane içi ölüm oranı %4 ila %10 arasında değişmektedir (3). Tabur- culuk sonrası 1 yıllık ölüm oranı %25-30, ölüm veya tekrar yatış oranları %45’ten fazladır (4). AKY, yeni başlayan KY’nin ilk belirtisi olabilir veya daha sıklıkla kronik KY’nin akut dekom- pansasyonuna bağlı ortaya çıkabilir (5). Akut de- kompanse kronik KY’si olan hastalarla akut pul- moner ödemli hastalar karşılaştırıldığında, akut pulmoner ödemi olanlar daha yüksek hastane içi mortaliteye sahiptirler ancak taburculuk sonra- sı mortalite ve yeniden hastaneye yatış oranları daha düşüktür (6). AKY’nin en sık tetikleyici fak- törleri atriyal fibrilasyon, akut MI veya iskemi, ilaç alımının (diüretik) kesilmesi, artmış sodyum yükü,miyokard fonksiyon bozukluklarına sebep olan ilaçlar ve aşırı fiziki efordur (7). Önceden var olan kardiyak disfonksiyonu olan hastalarda spesifik dış faktörler (anemi, GİS kanama, enfeksiyon vb.) AKY’yi hızlandırabilir (8).
Atriyal Fibrilasyonda Kanama Riski Belirleme
(2023) Kayan, Fethullah
GİRİŞ risk faktörlerinin modifikasyonu ile AF’nin ve kullanılan ilaçlarının(özellikle de antikoagülan- ların) komplikasyonlarının azaltılması önem arz etmektedir. Persistan ve Permanent AF’li olgularda eş- lik eden komorbiditelerin daha fazla olması ve yaşın daha ileri olması gibi nedenlerle, Parok- sismal AF’li olgulara göre, AF nin komplikas- yonları ve özellikle de antikoaülasyon tedavinse bağlı kanama riski daha yüksektir. AF tedavisinde, tromboembolik olayların önlenmesi için kullanılan Vitamin K Antago- nisti (VKA) ve Yeni Nesil Oral Antikoagülan- ların (YOAK) faydası; iskemik inme riskinde azalma ile major kanama olaylarındaki artma arasındaki dengeye bağlıdır. AF’nin tromboembolik riskinin önlenmesi için kullanılan oral antikoagülan tedavilere bağ- lı meydana gelebilecek kanamalar için gelişti- rilmiş olan Kanama Risk Skorlamaları; ORBİT, ATRİA, HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, ABC Skorlamalarıdır. Kullanılan bu skorlamalar ve risk grupları tablolar halinde gösterilmiştir. HAS-BLED Skoru: 0-2 puan alanlar düşük kanama risk grubunda bulunurken, HAS-BLED Atriyal Fibrilasyon (AF), dünya çapında erişkin- lerde en sık görülen aritmidir. AF, populasyon- da morbidite ve mortalitenin önemli bir nedeni olduğundan dolayı, hastalara, toplum sağlığına ve sağlık ekonomisine önemli bir yüktür. AF’ nin prevalansı, erişkinlerde yaklaşık ola- rak %2 ile %4 arasındadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda daha uzun yaşam süresi ile genel populasyonda tanı konmamış AF oranının 2,3 kat daha yüksek olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. İlerleyen yaş, AF nin önemli bir risk faktörü olmakla birlikte, Diyabetüs Mellitüs (DM), Hi- pertansiyon (HT), Kronik Böbrek Hastalığı(K- BH), Kalp Yetmezliği(KY), Koroner Arter Has- talığı (KAH), Obezite, Obstrüktif Sleep Apne Sendromu (OSAS) gibi bazı risk faktörleri de AF gelişiminde önemli rol oynar. Avrupa kökenli index yaşı 55 olanlarda, ya- şam boyu AF risk tahmini 4 kişiden 1 kişiyken, son yapılan revizyon ile 3 kişiden 1 kişi olmuş- tur. AF’ nin artan bu sayısı ile AF’ nin kendisi- ne ve kullanılan ilaçlara bağlı komplikasyonları da artmıştır. Değiştirilebilir ve kontrol edilebilir
Bronchiectasis in Türkiye: Data from a Multicenter Registry (Turkish Adult Bronchiectasis Database)
(Galenos Publ House, 2024) Edis, Ebru Çakır; Cilli, Aykut; Kızılırmak, Deniz; Coşkun, Ayşın Şakar; Güler, Nurcan; Çiçek, Sedat; Researchers, Tebveb
Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease characterized by permanent bronchial wall dilatation. Although it has been known as an orphan disease, it has recently gained attention because of registry-based studies and drug research. Aims: We aimed to use a multicenter database to analyze and compare data regarding the etiology, associated comorbidities, microbiological characteristics, and preventive strategies of bronchiectasis in Türkiye to those of other countries. Study Design: A multicenter prospective cohort study. Methods: The multicenter, prospective cohort study was conducted between March 2019 and January 2022 using the Turkish Adult Bronchiectasis Database, in which 25 centers in Türkiye participated. Patients aged > 18 years who presented with respiratory symptoms such as cough, sputum, and dyspnea and were diagnosed with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis using computed tomography were included in the study. Demographic information, etiologies, comorbidities, pulmonary functions, and microbiological, radiological, and clinical data were collected from the patients. Results: Of the 1,035 study participants, 518 (50%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 56.1 ± 16.1 years. The underlying etiology was detected in 565 (54.6%) patients. While postinfectious origin was the most common cause of bronchiectasis (39.5%), tuberculosis was identified in 11.3% of the patients. An additional comorbidity was detected in 688 (66.5%) patients. The most common comorbidity was cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchiectasis was identified in 19.5% of the patients. The most commonly detected microbiological agent was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (29.4%). Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) were used in 70.1% of the patients, and the frequency of exacerbations in the last year was significantly higher in patients using ICS than in nonusers (p < 0.0001). Age [odds ratio (OR): 1.028; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.005-1.051], cachexia (OR: 4.774; 95% CI: 2,054-11,097), high modified medical research council dyspnea scale score (OR: 1,952; 95% CI: 1,459-2,611), presence of chronic renal failure (OR: 4,172; 95% CI: 1,249-13,938) and use of inhaled steroids (OR: 2,587; 95% CI: 1,098-6,098) were significant risk factors for mortality. Mortality rates were higher in patients with COPD than in those with no COPD (21.7-9.1%, p = 0.016). Patients with bronchiectasis and COPD exhibited more frequent exacerbations, exacerbation-related hospitalizations, and hospitalization in the intensive care unit in the previous year than patients without COPD. Conclusion: This is the first multicenter study of bronchiectasis in Türkiye. The study results will provide important data that can guide the development of health policies in Türkiye on issues such as infection control, vaccination, and the unnecessary use of antibiotics and steroids.
Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Myotonia Congenita in Turkish Children
(IOS press, 2023) Gökçen Öz Tunçer , Aslıhan Sanri , Seren Aydin , Özlem M Hergüner , Nezir Özgün , Mustafa Kömür , Dilara F İçağasioğlu , Rabia Tütüncü Toker , Sanem Yilmaz , Elif Acar Arslan , Mesut Güngör , Gültekin Kutluk , İlknur Erol , Gülen Gül Mert , Burçin Gönüllü Polat , Ayşe Aksoy
Background: Myotonia congenita is the most common form of nondystrophic myotonia and is caused by Mendelian inherited mutations in the CLCN1 gene encoding the voltage-gated chloride channel of skeletal muscle. Objective: The study aimed to describe the clinical and genetic spectrum of Myotonia congenita in a large pediatric cohort. Methods: Demographic, genetic, and clinical data of the patients aged under 18 years at time of first clinical attendance from 11 centers in different geographical regions of Türkiye were retrospectively investigated. Results: Fifty-four patients (mean age:15.2 years (±5.5), 76% males, with 85% Becker, 15% Thomsen form) from 40 families were included. Consanguineous marriage rate was 67%. 70.5% of patients had a family member with Myotonia congenita. The mean age of disease onset was 5.7 (±4.9) years. Overall 23 different mutations (2/23 were novel) were detected in 52 patients, and large exon deletions were identified in two siblings. Thomsen and Becker forms were observed concomitantly in one family. Carbamazepine (46.3%), mexiletine (27.8%), phenytoin (9.3%) were preferred for treatment. Conclusions: The clinical and genetic heterogeneity, as well as the limited response to current treatment options, constitutes an ongoing challenge. In our cohort, recessive Myotonia congenita was more frequent and novel mutations will contribute to the literature.
Clinical features of generalized lipodystrophy in Turkey: a cohort analysis
(Wiley Online Library, 2023) Özbek, Mehmet Nuri; Yildirim Simsir, Ilgin; Tuysuz, Beyhan; Tanrikulu, Seher; Celik Guler, Merve; Akinci, Baris
Aim: To describe the Turkish generalized lipodystrophy (GL) cohort with the frequency of each complication and the death rate during the period of the follow-up. Methods: This study reports on 72 patients with GL (47 families) registered at different centres in Turkey that cover all regions of the country. The mean ± SD follow-up was 86 ± 78 months. Results: The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median time to diagnosis of diabetes and/or prediabetes was 16 years. Hyperglycaemia was not controlled in 37 of 45 patients (82.2%) with diabetes. Hypertriglyceridaemia developed in 65 patients (90.3%). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median time to diagnosis of hypertriglyceridaemia was 14 years. Hypertriglyceridaemia was severe (≥ 500 mg/dl) in 38 patients (52.8%). Seven (9.7%) patients suffered from pancreatitis. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median time to diagnosis of hepatic steatosis was 15 years. Liver disease progressed to cirrhosis in nine patients (12.5%). Liver disease was more severe in congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (CGL2). Proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed in 32 patients (44.4%) and cardiac disease in 23 patients (31.9%). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the median time to diagnosis of CKD and cardiac disease were 25 and 45 years, respectively. Females appeared to have a more severe metabolic disease, with an earlier onset of metabolic abnormalities. Ten patients died during the follow-up period. Causes of death were end-stage renal disease, sepsis (because of recurrent intestinal perforations, coronavirus disease, diabetic foot infection and following coronary artery bypass graft surgery), myocardial infarction, heart failure because of dilated cardiomyopathy, stroke, liver complications and angiosarcoma. Conclusions: Standard treatment approaches have only a limited impact and do not prevent the development of severe metabolic abnormalities and early onset of organ complications in GL.
Comparison of Evolut-R 34 mm Valve and Smaller Evolut-R Valves in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Determination of Mild Paravalvular Leak Predictors
(Turkish Society of Cardiology, 2024) Kılıç, Raif; Güzel, Tuncay; Aktan, Adem; Demir, Muhammed; Günlü, Serhat; Arslan, Bayram; Ertaş, Faruk
Objective: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the in-hospital, 1-month and 1-year post-procedure outcomes of patients treated with Evolut-R 34 mm and Evolut-R 23/26/29 mm devices. Additionally, the study aimed to identify factors that could predict the occurrence of ≥ mild paravalvular leaks (PVL). Methods: Between April 2015 and May 2022, 269 consecutive patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with Evolut-R 34 mm (n = 66, 24.5%) and Evolut-R 23/26/29 mm (n = 203, 75.5%) devices in a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Patients in the Evolut-R 34 mm group had a lower female sex ratio (16.7% vs. 66.5%, P < .001, respectively), ejection fraction (50.7 ± 10.1% vs. 54.5 ± 9.3%, P= .016, respectively), and mean aortic gradient (7.4 ± 3.3 vs. 9.2 ± 5.0, P= .026, respectively) compared to the Evolut-R 23/26/29 mm group. The groups did not exhibit any statistically significant distinctions with regard to technical success, the need for a permanent pacemaker, occurrences of stroke, major vascular complications, PVL, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, or mortality. Peak velocity was confirmed as a significant predictor of ≥mild PVL in both patient groups in the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In logistic regression analysis; In patients with Evolut-R 34 mm valve, pre-TAVI aortic valve peak velocity (odds ratio (OR) = 23.202; P= .019) and calcium volume 800 Hounsfield Units (mm3) (OR = 1.017; P < .001) were independent predictors of ≥mild PVL. Conclusion: The Evolut-R 34 mm valve has shown comparable in-hospital results with smaller valve sizes. Pre-TAVI aortic valve peak velocity and calcium volume predicted ≥ mild PVL in Evolut-R 34 mm patients.
Comparison of pain levels of traditional radial, distal radial, and transfemoral coronary catheterization
(ScieLO, 2023) Kılıç, Raif; Güzel, Tuncay; Aktan, Adem; Arslan, Bayram; Aslan, Muzaffer; Günlü, Serhat; Karahan, Mehmet Zülkif
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare the traditional radial artery, distal radial artery, and transfemoral artery, which are vascular access sites for coronary angiography, in terms of pain level using the visual analog scale. METHODS: Between April 2021 and May 2022, consecutive patients from three centers were included in our study. A total of 540 patients, 180 from each of the traditional radial artery, distal radial artery , and transfemoral artery groups, were included. The visual analog scale was applied to the patients as soon as they were taken to bed. RESULTS: When the visual analog scale was compared between the groups, it was found to be significantly different (transfemoral artery: 2.7±1.6, traditional radial artery: 3.9±1.9, and distal radial artery: 4.9±2.1, respectively, p<0.001). When the patients were classified as mild, moderate, and severe based on the visual analog scale score, a significant difference was found between the groups in terms of body mass index, process time, access time, and number of punctures (p<0.001). Based on the receiver operating characteristic analysis, body mass index>29.8 kg/m2 predicted severe pain with 72.5% sensitivity and 73.2% specificity [(area under the curve: 0.770, 95%CI: 0.724–0.815, p<0.0001)]. CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that the femoral approach caused less access site pain and a high body mass index predicts severe pain.
The Diagnostic Role Of End-Tidal CO2 To Distinguish Unstable Angina Pectoris In Patients With Chest Pain
(2023) Günlü, Serhat; Yeşil, Ahmet; Kayan, Fethullah; Karahan, Mehmet Zülkif
Objective: Unstable angina pectoris (UAP), one of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) types, is difficult to identify from non-cardiac chest pain (non-CCP), hence various strategies are applied for accurate diagnosis. This study aims to examine whether non-invasively measured end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) can detect UAP in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain in the lack of a cardiovascular history. Methods: This research was conducted as a prospective observational study. The individuals were separated into two groups based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 75 patients with non-CCP and 75 UAP. Analyses of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were utilized to define the diagnostic value cutoff. Using univariate regression analysis, the odds ratio of ETCO2 (with 95%CI) was computed for UAP prediction. Results: ETCO2 levels were substantially lower in the UAP group compared to the non-CCP group (p<0.001). Analysis of the ROC curve revealed that a decreased ETCO2 <35 predicted UAP with 78% sensitivity and 89% specificity (AUC:0.81, p <0.001). In addition, the negative predictive value was 71.6%, and the positive predictive value was 79.4%. Patients with UAP were 8.84 times more likely to have ETCO2 <35 than patients with non-CCP. Conclusion: UAP may be differentiated from non-CCP by ETCO2 measured as a non-invasive parameter in patients with chest pain.
Diyastolik Disfonksiyon Tanısında Elektrokardiyografik Diyastolik Endeksinin Prognostik Rolü
(2023) Günlü, Serhat
Amaç: Sol ventrikülün diyastolik disfonksiyonu (LVDD), korunmuş ejeksiyon kalp yetmezliği olan bireylerde baskın etiyolojidir. Yüksek tansiyon miyokardda yapısal anormalliklere neden olur ve LVDD'nin seyrini hızlandırır. EKG özelliklerinden belirlenen elektrokardiyografik diyastolik indeks (EDI), sol ventrikül hipertrofisi ile LVDD'nin varlığı arasındaki bağlantı hakkında bilgi verebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hipertansif bireylerde LVDD'yi tanımlamak için EDI göstergesini belirlemekti. Metod: Bu araştırmaya 2022 yılının Ocak ve Aralık ayları arasında sırayla 162 hipertansif hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar, LVDD'si olan ve olmayanlar olarak ayrıldı. [aVL R genliği (V1S genliği + V5R genliği)/PWLI genliği], EDI için formüllerdir. ROC eğrisi analizi kullanılarak, EDI'nin LVDD için öngörü değeri değerlendirildi. Tek değişkenli ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılarak, LVDD'nin bağımsız faktörleri değerlendirildi. İki çok değişkenli model kullanıldı (model I: sürekli değişken olarak EDI ve kategorik değişken olarak model II). Sonuç: Hastalar LVDD olup olmamasına göre iki gruba ayrıldı (LVDD'si olmayan 85 hasta, grup 1; LVDD'si olan 77 hasta, grup 2). Araştırma örnekleminin ortalama yaşı 49±14 idi ve hastaların %42,6'sı erkekti. Çalışmaya katılanların EDI düzeyi 8,50±7,30 idi (Tablo 1). Tablo 1. Clinicalcharacteristics of the studypopulation PARAMETERS LVDD (-) n=85 LVDD (+) n=77 P-value Age (Years) 52.7±1.4 46.1±2.3 0.018 Gender, male, n(%) 28 (33.2) 40 (52.6) 0.009 Smoking, n (%) 36 (41.9) 39 (50.5) 0.305 Diabetesmellitus, n (%) 9 (10.5) 17 (22.7) 0.033 LVEDD, mm 46±4 46±3 0.124 LVESD, mm 28±3 29±2 0.057 IVST, mm 1.0±0.1 1.1±0.2 <0.001 LVEF, % 62±5 60±3.5 0.028 LA, mm 35±4 36±3 0.031 E/A ratio 1.4±0.3 0.9±0.5 <0.001 D1 P waveamplitude, mV 0.1±0.04 0.1±0.05 0.181 aVL R amplitude, mV 0.3±0.3 0.5±0.3 <0.001 V1S amplitude, mV 0.7±0.4 0.7±0.5 0.043 V5R amplitude, mV 1.0±0.5 1.1±0.7 0.093 V1S +V5R amplitude, mV 1.7±0.7 2.0±0.9 0.005 EDI 5.2±3.7 10.6±8.5 <0.001 LVEDD: Leftventricularend-diastolicdimension, LVESD: Leftventricularend-systolicdimension, IVST: Interventricularseptumthickness, LVEF: Leftventricularejectionfraction, LA: Leftatrial, EDI: ElectrocardiographicDiastolic Index. Grup 2'nin EDI puanı, grup 1'inkinden önemli ölçüde daha yüksekti (p <0.001). LVDD'yi tahmin etmek için EDI eğrisi altında kalan alan %0,752 olarak hesaplandı (%95 güven aralığı = 0,651-0,853; p<0,001) (Şekil 1). Şekil 1. ROC analysis of the EDI toestimatediastolicdysfunction EDI eşik değeri 7,4 mV'den büyük olduğunda, LVDD'yi %70'lik bir duyarlılık ve %69'luk bir özgüllükle tahmin eder. Tek değişkenli lojistik regresyon kullanılarak LVDD, EDI ile ilişkilendirildi [OR=1,248, %95 güven aralığı (CI)=1,159 - 1,345, p <0,001]. EDI'yi hem sürekli değişken hem de kategorik değişken olarak incelemek için iki farklı çok değişkenli regresyon modeli oluşturuldu. Her iki modelde de EDI'nin LVDD'nin erken bir göstergesi olduğu ortaya çıktı. Tartışma: Sol atriyal boyutlardaki değişikliklere tipik olarak septal veya arka sol ventrikül duvar kalınlığında bir artış eşlik eder ve bu da sonunda sol ventrikülün hipertrofisi veya yeniden şekillenmesi olarak kendini gösterir. Bu sonuçlar oldukça yaygın olduğundan ve hipertansif kalp hastalığı olan bireylerde artış gösterdiğinden, DD'li hastalarda görülen en yaygın anormalliklerden biridir. Birden fazla grup, DD'de sol ventrikül hipertrofisini ve anlamlı kardiyomiyosit hipertrofisinin histolojik kanıtları ve normalden daha büyük bir sol ventrikül kas kütlesi ile sistolik fonksiyonun korunduğu kalp yetmezliğini belgelemiştir. Arteriyel hipertansiyonu olan bireylerde, uzamış QRS ve QT/QTc aralığı gibi elektrokardiyografik karakteristiklerin genişlemiş bir sol ventrikül kas kütlesini düşündürdüğü bilinmektedir. Bu, DD ve QTc süresinin Doppler'den türetilen parametreleri arasında bir korelasyon olduğunu gösteren önceki çalışmalarla uyumludur. İkincisi ayrıca, uzun QT aralığı ile anormal mekanik fonksiyon arasındaki ilişkinin gözlemlendiği ve hayvan ve hücresel deneylerle desteklendiği kalıtsal uzun QT Sendromları kapsamındaki hastalar için literatürde kapsamlı bir şekilde tartışılmıştır. Patofizyolojik olarak, aksiyon potansiyeli süresinin uzaması, hücre içi kalsiyum birikimi yoluyla belirgin mekanik işlev bozukluğuna neden olabilir. Bununla birlikte, yukarıda belirtilen analizlerin tanısal performansının yanı sıra korelasyonu da, muhtemelen yalnızca bir elektrokardiyografik parametre kullanılarak belirli bir derecede basitleştirme nedeniyle oldukça mütevazıydı. Aslında, aynı grup tarafından daha yeni bir analizde önerildiği gibi, QTc uzamasına Ttepe – Eğilim aralığının uzaması neden olabilir. Önceki çalışmalardan farklılık büyük olasılıkla, ilkinde psödonormal ve/veya kısıtlayıcı dolum paterni olan hastaların daha büyük yüzdesi ile açıklanabilir, bu da daha ileri bir kardiyak hastalık aşamasını ve dolayısıyla daha belirgin repolarizasyon değişikliklerini düşündürür. Tedavi: EDI, ucuz olması, kolayca bulunabilmesi ve uygulanmasının basit olması nedeniyle hipertansiyon nedeniyle takip edilen bireylerde DD'yi tahmin etmek için önemli bir tarama modelidir.
Early puberty paradox: an investigation of anxiety levels of mothers and children, children's quality of life, and psychiatric diagnoses
(SpringerLink, 2023) Kardaş, Burcu; Kardaş, Ömer; Demiral, Meliha; Özbek, Mehmet Nuri
Early puberty signs lead to an increase in anxiety levels of parents and children. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life and anxiety levels of girls and their mothers who were admitted to a pediatric endocrinology clinic with concerns about early puberty. Girls and their mothers who were admitted to endocrinology outpatient clinic with concerns about early puberty were compared to healthy control group. Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) parent form, Quality of Life for Children Scale (PedsQL) parent form, and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to the mothers. Children were evaluated with the Schedule for Afective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (Kiddie-SADS Lifetime Version) (K-SADS-PL). The study sample consisted of 92 girls and 62 of them were administered to clinic with concerns about early puberty. There were 30 girls in early puberty group (group 1), 32 girls were in the normal development group (group 2), and 30 were in the healthy control group (group 3). The anxiety level of group 1 and group 2 was signifcantly higher, and their quality of life was signifcantly lower when compared to group 3 (p<0.001). Mother’s anxiety level was found signifcantly higher in group 2 (p<0.001). It has shown that anxiety level and quality of life of children were associated with anxiety level of mothers and the current Tanner stage (r=0.302, p<0.005). Conclusion: Mothers and children who have concerns about early puberty are negatively afected when early puberty is a possibility. For this reason, educating parents will prevent negative impacts of this situation on children. At the same time, it will decrease health burden.
Effect of cardio-gastric interaction on atrial fibrillation in GERD patients
(2023) Günlü, Serhat; Araç, Eşref; Aktan, Adem; Kayan, Fethullah; Bernas, Altıntaş; Karahan, Mehmet Zülkif
Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are very common in daily clinical practice. Post-prandial AF episodes have been reported in GERD patients. Although it was reported in previous studies that it was caused by sympathovagal imbalance, there are no studies on cardiac conduction system involvement. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether the risk of developing AF increases in untreated GERD patients with non-invasive electrophysiological tests. Methods: The research was prospectively performed. Endoscopy was performed on the individuals due to reflux complaints. ECG was recorded at 25mm/s and 10 mm/mV amplitude, and 24-hour Holter ECG (three-channel; V1, V2, and V5) was performed. ECG parameters were measured and Holter ECG results were analyzed. Results: A total of 120 individuals, 60 patients and 60 controls, were included. No significant statistically differences existed between groups for hypertension, diabetes, smoking, or dyslipidemia (p>0.05). In terms of heart rate, Pmax, Pmin, QTd, and QTcd, there were no significant differences across the two groups (p>0.05). P-wave dispersion (Pd) was substantially higher in the study group (p=0.014). Comparing the heart rate variabilities of 24-hour Holter ECG recordings across the groups, the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) was substantially higher in the study group (p<0.001). Low Frequency (LF) and LF/HF were significantly higher in the control group (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). AF was detected in nine individuals on Holter ECG. Conclusion: Pd duration and risk of developing AF were higher in GERD patients.
The Efficacy of Iron and Piracetam in Breath Holding Spells and Levetiracetam in Anoxic Epileptic Seizures
(Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences, 2023) ÖZGÜN, Nezir; AKDENİZ, Osman; ÇELİK, Muhittin; SARBAY, Hakan; TOKTAŞ, İzzettin
Introduction: In this study, the patients diagnosed with breath holding spell (BHS) or anoxic epileptic seizures and initiated at least one out of iron or piracetam or levetiracetam therapies were evaluated. Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 194 BHS patients. Iron therapy was initiated in case of iron deficiency anemia or case of ferritin values under 12 ng/dl even if there was no anemia. The patients having no iron deficiency anemia, low ferritin and anoxic epileptic seizures were administered piracetam and the patients diagnosed with anoxic epileptic seizures were administered levetiracetam. Results: One hundred and eight patients (55.7%) were male. The mean age was 21.39±12.78 months. Iron therapy was initiated in 87 patients, piracetam to 96, and levetiracetam in 11 patients. Seizure numbers were manifestly decreased in all groups by the end of the first month after treatment concerning pretreatment levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: We determined that the spells were reduced or completely stopped in all groups. Levetiracetam seems to be considerably effective in patients developing anoxic epileptic seizures after BHS.
ENDOKRİN ACİLLER
(AKADEMİSYEN YAYINEVİ, 2023) Gökdemir, Mehmet Tahir
Endokrinoloji, günümüzde tıbbın karşı karşıya olduğu en yaygın durumlarından olan ciddi acil sağlık sorunlarından bazılarını kapsar. Endokrin sistem, hormonların haberci sistemi olarak önemli bir rol oynar ve vücuttaki metabolik işleyişi kontrol eder. Bir endokrin bezin akut veya kronik yetmezliği hastalıklara ve hatta ölüme neden olabilir. Pankreas, tiroid, paratiroid ve sürrenal bezlerin bozuklukları gibi endokrin hastalıkların komplikasyonları klinik olarak sinsidir ve hayati önemdedir. Bu hastalıklar toplam nüfusun %10'undan fazladır. Bilinen endokrin organ hastalıklarının yanı sıra bu hastalıkların acil durumlarının değerlendirilmesi ve yönetimi kritik önemdedir. Endokrin acil durumlar genellikle travma, cerrahi, yeni hastalık veya enfeksiyon gibi akut bir olayla tetiklenir. Normal işleyişteki aksamalar yaşamı tehdit eden acil durumlar yaratabilir ve acil müdahale gerektirebilir. Bu nedenle, endokrin acil durumları tanımak ve uygun şekilde yönetmek önemlidir. Semptomları belirsiz olabileceğinden ve diğer durumları taklit edebildiğinden, endokrin acil durumları başlangıçta tespit etmek zor olabilir. Endokrin acil durumlar, acil servislerde klinik iş yükünün büyük bir bölümünü oluşturur. Bu kitabın amacı, güncel endokrin acil durumları değerlendirmeyi ve kritik hasta yönetiminin endokrin yönlerini kapsamaktır. Endokrin Aciller kitabı, uzman hekimlere, acil tıp başta olmak üzere diğer tıp asistanlarına, pratisyen hekimlere ve tıp öğrencilerine faydalı olabilecek referans bir çalışmadır. Kitap, klinisyenin karşılaşabileceği yüksek riskli endokrin acil olguların yönetimine katkı sağlayacaktır. Her bölümde acil duruma genel bakış, semptomlar, tanı ve tedaviyle ilgili bölümler bulunur. Kitabımızın hazırlanma aşamasında gösterdikleri özverili çalışmalarından dolayı bölüm yazarlarımıza ve Akademisyen yayınevi çalışanlarına teşekkür ederim. Kitabımızın Acil Tıp ve diğer tüm klinik alanda çalışan hekimlerimize, öğrencilerimize ve hastalarımıza faydalı olması en büyük arzumuzdur.
Evaluation and management of neonatal onset hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: a single neonatal center experience
(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Bezirganoğlu, Handan; Okur, Nilifer; Feryal Taş, Funda; Çelik, Kıymet; Özbek, Mehmet Nuri
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and treatment options of neonates requiring prolonged hospitalization due to persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included infants >34 weeks of gestation at birth who were born in our hospital between 2018 and 2021, diagnosed with HH, and required diazoxide within the first 28 days of life. The baseline clinical characteristics, age at the time of diagnosis and treatment options in diazoxide resistance cases were recorded. Genetic mutation analysis, if performed, was also included. Results: A total of 32 infants diagnosed with neonatal HH were followed up. Among the cohort, 25 infants were classified as having transient form of HH and seven infants were classified as having congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (CHI). Thirty-one percent of the infants had no risk factors. The median birth weight was significantly higher in the CHI group, whereas no differences were found in other baseline characteristics. Patients diagnosed with CHI required higher glucose infusion rate, higher doses, and longer duration of diazoxide treatment than those in the transient HH group. Eight patients were resistant to diazoxide, and six of them required treatment with octreotide and finally sirolimus. Sirolimus prevented the need of pancreatectomy in five of six patients without causing major side effects. Homozygous mutations in the ABCC8 gene were found in four patients with CHI. Conclusions: The risk of persistent neonatal hyperinsulinism should be considered in hypoglycemic neonates particularly located in regions with high rates of consanguinity. Our study demonstrated sirolimus as an effective treatment option in avoiding pancreatectomy in severe cases.
Evaluation of breastfeeding behaviors and complementary feeding practices of Turkish and Syrian refugee mothers
(SOC ARGENTINA PEDIATRIA, 2023) Orhan, Özhan; Elçi, Hüseyin
Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la lactancia y los factores relacionados (edad, nivel educativo, edad al momento del primer embarazo, etc.) y las prácticas de alimentación complementaria de las madres refugiadas sirias y las madres turcas. Materiales y métodos: este estudio descriptivo y comparativo analizó las características nutricionales de los bebés de 9 a 60 meses de edad cuyas madres fueran turcas o refugiadas sirias que asistieron al Hospital Público de Kızıltepe entre enero y julio de 2022. Resultados: se incluyó a 204 madres (126 turcas y 78 sirias). La edad promedio de las madres turcas era 27,60 ± 5,17 años y la de las refugiadas sirias, 28,91 ± 5,62 años, sin una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (p: 0,091). La lactancia materna posparto fue del 91,3 % y la duración de la lactancia fue de 12 meses (0-24) en las ciudadanas turcas, mientras que, en las refugiadas sirias, fue del 84,6 % y 9 meses (0-24), respectivamente (consumo de leche materna, p: 0,144; tiempo de consumo, p: 0,161; sin diferencias estadísticas). El 23,8 % de las ciudadanas turcas y el 5,1 % de las refugiadas sirias recibieron capacitación sobre la lactancia, con una diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (p: 0,001). Conclusión: en los grupos de refugiadas, las prácticas de nutrición infantil y materna se ven alteradas. En colaboración con las organizaciones locales e internacionales y los organismos estatales que ayudan a los grupos de refugiados se podrían mejorar las prácticas de nutrición maternoinfantil y reducir las brechas
An Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Turkey
(2022) Günlü, Serhat; Karahan, Mehmet Zülkif
Background: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates; however, prevalence data for Turkish military members are unknown. Aim: This study determines how common cardiovascular risk factors are among military members in the Corps Command Military Unit and how they relate to socio-demographic parameters. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted with 25222 active-duty individuals. A questionnaire was used to assess cardiovascular risk factors. This study included patients with more than two risk factors or current cardiac complaints. ECGs, echocardiograms, and biochemical testing were performed. Results: The study employed 835 individuals with an average age of 19.43±2.12 years. 19.6% of them had hypertension, 5.6% had dyslipidemia, 39.6% were smokers, 2.4% had diabetes mellitus, and 9.8% had a positive family history. Physical activity frequency was not observed in 54% of the patients before enlisting in the military. There was a significant positive correlation between smoking and mental stress (r=1.07, p<0.001). Conclusion: In terms of cardiovascular risk, hypertension and smoking were found to be the most prevalent among the Corps command staff. Therefore, this study provides compelling evidence that military healthcare providers should conduct annual periodic checks on those at risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Evaluation of Clinical, Biochemical, and Demographic Characteristics of Paediatric COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Dicle University Hospital
(Cureus, 2023) Orhan, Özhan; Akay, Cihan; Şen, Velat
Introduction and aim: In this study, we aim to determine how laboratory parameters were related to the clinical courses of patients admitted to the Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19 diagnoses from March 2020 to November 2021. Materials and method: Clinical, biochemical and demographic characteristics of 220 patients between 0 and 16 years old with COVID-19 diagnoses at admission were analysed retrospectively. Results: We found that 57.3% of patients were male and 42.7% female, with a mean age of 107.8 ± 65.5 (range 1-192) months. Of the cases, 48.6% (n = 107) were asymptomatic, 35.5% (n = 78) were mild, 11.8% (n = 26) were moderately severe and 3.6% (n = 8) were severe. The patients’ site of admission, mortality rates, C reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, and fibrinogen levels differed significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusion: It is important to learn about the clinical course of the disease by accurately interpreting the results of blood parameters and appropriate imaging studies.
Evaluation of Frontal QRS-T Angle in Patients with Coronary Artery Ectasia
(Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia – SBC, 2023) Karahan, Mehmet Zülkif; Aktan, Adem; Güzel, Tuncay; Kayan, Fethullah; Günlü, Serhat
Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined by focal enlargement of the coronary artery exceeding 1.5 times the adjacent normal segment. CAE can often cause arrhythmias, heart failure, sudden death, and myocardial ischemia. Ischemia due to microvascular dysfunction may be responsible for the ventricular heterogeneity in CAE. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the frontal QRS-T angle in patients with CAE. Methods: Our study included 55 patients with CAE and 50 individuals in the control group. Demographic characteristics and electrocardiographic parameters were compared between the two groups. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. Continuous variables were compared using unpaired Student’s t-test. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The frontal QRS-T angle was calculated from 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) using the automatic report from the electrocardiography machine. Results: The average age of patients with CAE was 63.2 ± 3.4 years, with 18 women among them. The control group had an average age of 61.1 ± 3.2 years, with 28 women included. There was no significant difference in demographic parameters between the two groups. Compared to the control group, patients with CAE had significantly wider frontal QRS-T angle (p < 0.001), as well as longer QTmax duration, p = 0.002; Tp-Te interval, p = 0.02; and QT dispersion (QTd), p = 0.04. Conclusion: The frontal QRS-T angle can be calculated easily and time-efficiently using surface electrocardiography. In this study, we showed for the first time that the frontal QRS-T angle was significantly increased in patients with CAE.
Evaluation of Frontal QRS-T Angle in Patients with Coronary Artery Ectasia
(Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, 2023) Karahan, Mehmet Zülkif; Aktan, Adem; Güzel, Tuncay; Kayan, Fethullah; Günlü, Serhat
Background: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined by focal enlargement of the coronary artery exceeding 1.5 times the adjacent normal segment. CAE can often cause arrhythmias, heart failure, sudden death, and myocardial ischemia. Ischemia due to microvascular dysfunction may be responsible for the ventricular heterogeneity in CAE. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the frontal QRS-T angle in patients with CAE. Methods: Our study included 55 patients with CAE and 50 individuals in the control group. Demographic characteristics and electrocardiographic parameters were compared between the two groups. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. Continuous variables were compared using unpaired Student’s t-test. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The frontal QRS-T angle was calculated from 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) using the automatic report from the electrocardiography machine. Results: The average age of patients with CAE was 63.2 ± 3.4 years, with 18 women among them. The control group had an average age of 61.1 ± 3.2 years, with 28 women included. There was no significant difference in demographic parameters between the two groups. Compared to the control group, patients with CAE had significantly wider frontal QRS-T angle (p < 0.001), as well as longer QTmax duration, p = 0.002; Tp-Te interval, p = 0.02; and QT dispersion (QTd), p = 0.04. Conclusion: The frontal QRS-T angle can be calculated easily and time-efficiently using surface electrocardiography. In this study, we showed for the first time that the frontal QRS-T angle was significantly increased in patients with CAE

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