Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü
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Book Article Ameloriate Effect of Glucose Monohydrate on Nicotine Sulfate-induced Toxicity and Teratogenicity in Xenopus embryos: an Experimental Study(Koszalin University of Technology, 2023) Tunç, Erdal; Emre, Mustafa; Tunç, Erdal; Sertdemir, YaşarIt is well documented that nicotine causes low birth weight, preterm birth, pregnancy difficulties, lower fertility, inhibition of spermatogenesis, and decreased steroidogenesis and potassium channels conductance of Xenopus oocytes. Lung cancer is the most well-known adverse impact of nicotine. This work used a 96-hour FETAX test to examine how concurrent administration of glucose monohydrate modifies the effects of exposure to nicotine, nicotine sulfate, and/or glucose on ion channels and membrane potential in Xenopus leavis embryos at an early stage of development. In-vitro fertilised embryos were treated with nicotine and glucose alone or in combination for this aim, and the effects of those treatments were then assessed for potential teratogenic effects. At the conclusion of the FETAX technique, the ratios of healthy, abnormal, and dead embryos were calculated, and the length of embryos in each treatment group was assessed. The ratios of abnormal and dead embryos were considerably higher with nicotine treatment alone compared to controls. Compared to the results of the nicotine-alone treatment group, the ratio of aberrant embryos was marginally reduced by concurrent glucose and nicotine therapy. In contrast, the ratio of normal embryos was raised. Additionally, treatments with glucose, nicotine, and Nic+Glu significantly altered the resting membrane potentials of fertilised oocytes (p < 0.001). Our findings indicated that the simultaneous treatment groups that also received glucose had a protective impact on embryos. Such structured, more sophisticated research is required to confirm these findings.Book Review Biosensors for the Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria: Current Status and Future Perspectives(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Dicle, Yalçın; Karamese, M.Pathogenic microorganisms pose significant threats to human health, food safety and environmental integrity. Rapid and accurate detection of these pathogens is essential to mitigate their impact. Fast, sensitive detection methods such as biosensors also play a critical role in preventing outbreaks and controlling their spread. In recent years, biosensors have emerged as a revolutionary technology for pathogen detection. This review aims to present the current developments in biosensor technology, investigate the methods by which these developments are used in the detection of pathogenic bacteria and highlight future perspectives on the subject. © 2024 Expert Publishing Medicine Ltd trading as Taylor & Francis.Article The distribution and the antimicrobial susceptibility features of microorganisms isolated from the burn wounds; a ten-year retrospective analysis(Oxford University Press, 2023) Dicle, Yalçın; Dicle, Yalçın; Bayram, Yasemin; Parlak, Mehmet; Akış, Feride; Çallı, İskanIn this study we aimed to evaluate the distribution features and antimicrobial susceptibility test results of the microorganisms isolated from the wounds of pediatric and adult burn patients. The culture and susceptibility test results of the microorganisms isolated from the wound swabs of the patients hospitalised in a tertiary burn care center in 10-years period, were retrospectively screened on the microbiology department databases. Their distribution of isolated microorganisms regarding species and susceptibility test results were compared with previous studies. A total of 367 microorganisms isolated from the burn wounds of 293 patients (13± 18.9 years, F/M: 0.93) (73 adult and 220 pediatric patients), were included in this study. A solitary agent was isolated in 239 (81.6%) patients, while two were isolated in 43 (14.7%) and three or more agents in 11 (3.8%). From these, 33% of the isolated microorganisms were gram positive cocci, 61% were gram negative bacteria and 6% were Candida spp. The most common isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus aureus (18.5%), Pseudomonas spp. (16.9) and Escherichia coli (%11.2), while the least common was Streptococcus spp. (2.5%). Methicillin resistance was 15% among the S. aureus strains. No resistance was observed against levofloxacin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, daptomycin, fusidic acid and tigecycline in S. aureus strains. The highest resistance rates were observed against levofloxacin (64%), tobramycin (64%), pip/tazobactam (63%), imipenem (63%), and the lowest against colistin (5%) and ceftazidime (29%), among Pseudomonas spp. The most common causative agents in burn wound infections and their current antimicrobial susceptibility features should be well identified, in order for prevention of serious complications and optimal management the condition to occur.Article Effects of acute carbon monoxide posioning on liver damage and comparisons of related oxygen therapies in a rat model(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Gökdemir, Gül Şahika; Şeker, Uğur; Demirtaş, Berjan; Taşkın, SeyhanAcute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may cause liver damage and liver dysfunction. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the efficiency of normobaric (NBO) and high flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNCO) treatments on liver injury. For that purpose, twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (Control, CO, CO + NBO, CO + HFNCO). The control group was allowed to breath room air for 30 min. Acute CO poisoning in CO, CO + NBO, CO + HFNCO was induced by CO exposure for 30 min. Thereafter, NBO group received 100% normobaric oxygen with reservoir mask for 30 min. HFNCO group received high-flow oxygen through nasal cannula for 30 min. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed by cardiac puncture under anesthasia. Serum liver function tests were measured. Liver tissue TAS, TOS and OSI levels, tissue histomorphology and immunoexpression levels of Bax, Caspase 3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB were also examined. Our observations indicated that acute CO poisoning caused significant increases in blood COHb, serum AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, albumin, globulin levels but a decrease in albumin to globulin ratio (all, p < 0.05). Furthermore, acute CO poisoning significantly increased the OSI value, and the immunoexpresssion of Bax, Caspase 3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB in liver tissue (all, p < 0.05). These pathological changes in serum and liver tissue were alleviated through both of the treatment methods. In conclussion, both the NBO and HFNCO treatments were beneficial to alleviate the acute CO poisoning associated with liver injury and dysfunction.Article Investigation of the Protective Activity of Baicalein on the Lungs via Regulation of Various Cellular Responses in Rats Exposed to Experimental Sepsis(Oxford University Press, 2023) Dicle, Yalçın; Şeker, Uğur; Şeker, UğurBackgrounds In the present study, a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced experimental sepsis rat model was used to explore the effects of baicalein on inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress as well as the possible regulatory role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Methods For that purpose, 42 Wistar albino rats were equally divided into control, sham, sepsis, B50 + S, B100 + S, S + B50, and S + B100 groups. The B50 + S and B100 + S groups received baicalein before the induction of sepsis, while the S + B50 and S + B100 groups received baicalein afterwards. Experimental sepsis in related groups is generated through ligation of cecum and a puncture in cecal wall. Serum samples were used for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) analyses, and tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), IL-6, and NF-κB levels were measured. Results Compared to the control group, there were significantly increases in the serum TNF-α, IL-6, tissue MDA, and NF-κB levels and decreases in the tissue SOD and GSH levels in the septic group (P < 0.05). Compared to the septic group, inflammation and oxidative stress were reduced in the baicalein-treated groups. Although all of the pre- and post-treatment protocols alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress to varying degrees, pre-treatment with 100 mg/kg was the most successful. Conclusions Findings of this study indicated that baicalein has the potential to reduce sepsis-related oxidative stress and inflammation in the lungs and that pathological outcomes could be regulated via NF-κB transcription factor activity.Book Part Physiopathology of allergic diseases and their relation to circadian rhythm(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2024) Gökdemir, Gül ŞahikaAllergic diseases have become a major health problem in modern society. These diseases are caused by an overreaction of the immune system and are often triggered by exposure to environmental allergens. Allergic diseases include asthma, allergicrhinitis, eczema, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. In recent years, research on the effectof circadian rhythm on the immune system has shown that there is an important relationship between the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and circadian rhythm. The pathophysiology of allergic diseases begins with responses to the immune system and the effect of allergens. The immune system is a complex network that regulates the response of immune cells. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies play an important role inreactions of hypersensitivity to allergens. Exposure to allergens triggers the activation of mast cells and basophils, resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators. The circadian rhythm is an internal clock system that regulates the 24-hour cycle of biological processes. The human body adapts various physiological and metabolic processes to this rhythm. The relationship of allergic diseases with the circadian rhythmis related to their effects on both the immune system and tissue and organ function. The circulation and activity of immune cells can change depending on the circadian rhythm. These changes can influence the immune system's response to exposure to allergens. In addition, the symptoms and severity of allergic diseases are also related to the circadian rhythm. Some studies have shown that allergic symptoms increase at night or in the morning. This suggests that the circadian rhythm may influence the severity of allergic reactions by affecting the release of immunoglobulins, the inflammatory response, and bronchial hyperreactivity. This chapter aims to provide researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals with an important resource on recent research findings that advance our understanding of the relationship between the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and the relationship between circadian rhythm.Article The nephroprotective effect of Quercetin in Cyclophosphamide-induced renal toxicity might be associated with MAPK/ERK and NF-κB signal modulation activity(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Şeker, Uğur; Kavak, Deniz Evrim; Dokumacı, Fatma Zehra; Kızıldağ, Sefa; İrtegün Kandemir, SevgiThe present study aimed to examine the protective effect of quercetin (QUE) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced nephrotoxicity. For that purpose, 24 mice were divided into four groups (Control, QUE, CTX, and CTX + QUE). The CTX and CTX + QUE groups received 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide on the 1st and 7th days. The QUE and CTX + QUE groups were treated with 50 mg/kg of quercetin daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and kidney samples were analyzed. The results indicated that CTX leads to severe morphological degenerations and disruption in renal function. Serum BUN, Creatinine, Uric acid, tissue Bax, Caspase 3, TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels were upregulated in the CTX group compared to Control and QUE groups (p < 0.05). Although MAPK/ERK phosphorylation level is not affected in CTX group, there was a significant increase in CTX + QUE group (p < 0.05), but the NF-κB was significantly suppressed in this group (p < 0.01). The RT-qPCR results showed that the cyt-c and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio mRNA expression folds were upregulated in the CTX group (p < 0.01), which was downregulated in the CTX + QUE group. However, there was a significant difference in the CTX + QUE group compared to the Control and QUE groups (p < 0.01). The findings showed that administering quercetin along with cyclophosphamide alleviated renal injury by regulating apoptotic and inflammatory expression. Moreover, the administration of quercetin and cyclophosphamide could synergistically improve renal function test results, and activate cellular responses, which upmodulate MAPK/ERK phosphorylation and suppression of NF-κB.
