Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi

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Can deep learning replace histopathological examinations in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy?
(Springer, 2024) Can, Sermin; Türk, Ömer; Ayral, Muhammed; Kozan, Günay; Arı, Hamza; Akdağ, Mehmet; Yıldırım Baylan, Müzeyyen; Türk, Ömer
Introduction: We aimed to develop a diagnostic deep learning model using contrast-enhanced CT images and to investigate whether cervical lymphadenopathies can be diagnosed with these deep learning methods without radiologist interpretations and histopathological examinations. Material method: A total of 400 patients who underwent surgery for lymphadenopathy in the neck between 2010 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They were examined in four groups of 100 patients: the granulomatous diseases group, the lymphoma group, the squamous cell tumor group, and the reactive hyperplasia group. The diagnoses of the patients were confirmed histopathologically. Two CT images from all the patients in each group were used in the study. The CT images were classified using ResNet50, NASNetMobile, and DenseNet121 architecture input. Results: The classification accuracies obtained with ResNet50, DenseNet121, and NASNetMobile were 92.5%, 90.62, and 87.5, respectively. Conclusion: Deep learning is a useful diagnostic tool in diagnosing cervical lymphadenopathy. In the near future, many diseases could be diagnosed with deep learning models without radiologist interpretations and invasive examinations such as histopathological examinations. However, further studies with much larger case series are needed to develop accurate deep-learning models.
Decolonizing Architectural Education: Towards an Affective Pedagogy
(Taylor and Francis, 2017) Tan, P.; Petrescu, D; Trogal, K
Deleuze and research methodologies
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2015) Tan, Pelin
The methodological crisis that resulted from conservative, closed-circle orthodoxy in the field of social sciences has led us to question our toolbox of empirical research methods over the last decade. Aside from the issue of conducting quantitative and qualitative research methodologies separately, and the problems of grounding theory in empirical practice, the discussion of embedded situational research methods has been much neglected in academia. Additionally, the multiplicity of new forms for contemporary knowledge production urges us to adapt our methods. Nowadays, the gap between theory and practice is frequently challenged from a Deleuzian perspective. Deleuzian research is often based on understanding the social subject as an affect and as an experience. Furthermore, from a Deleuzian perspective, in our complex societies ‘data’ is a rhizomatic assemblage that needs to be searched, evaluated, analysed and represented with complex tools or, indeed, with new research tools invented accordingly. Recently, visual tools and production methods such as moving image, video activism, mapping, visual networking, digital archiving and performative artistic research have been employed and applied often in transdisciplinary research based on a Deleuzian conceptualisation of knowledge production. This means visuality as both concept and a product is not only a representation of knowledge but also the machine that drives it.
Diagnosis of schizophrenia based on transformation from EEG sub-bands to the image with deep learning architecture
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Türk, Ömer; Aldemir, Erdoğan; Acar, Emrullah; Ertuğrul, Ömer Faruk; Türk, Ömer
Electroencephalogram is a low-cost, non-invasive, and high-entropy signal and thus has huge potential for clinical diagnosis of neurological diseases and brain–computer interface applications. Schizophrenia is one of the most severe diseases that show behavioral manifestations that are easily uncovered by specialists. In this context, the electroencephalogram analysis becomes more important for the automatic diagnosis of schizophrenia disease in the clinical process. In this study, a deep learning architecture, namely ResNet, aims to classify schizophrenia is proposed. The proposed system transforms wavelet sub-bands of the electroencephalogram into two-dimensional image space, which is considered the main unique contribution of the study. Thus, the disease indicators and features included in images could be figured out. Moreover, a discussion on the class activation maps was made to give a wide perspective on the features related to the disease. The proposed system was implemented on a large-scale electroencephalogram database containing records from unhealthy and healthy patients in various phases. The ResNet was implemented in three modes to give a thorough perspective in terms of the metrics of the diagnosis accuracy. The proposed system achieves 92.94% diagnosis accuracy rate, and the result shows that the proposed transformation-based solution is owing to the features related to schizophrenia disease
Importance performance analysis for sustainability of reused historical building: Mardin Sabanci City Museum and art gallery
(Emerald Publishing, 2023) Kutlu, İzzettin; Kutlu, İzzettin; Ergün, Ruşen
Purpose: This study aimed to design a user-participatory methodology to investigate the post-occupancy sustainability of reused historical buildings and to apply it to a case study. Design/methodology/approach: This study was designed in four stages. In the first stage, the sustainability parameters and sub-parameters were determined in the reused historical buildings based on the literature. The second stage included a field study in which the current situation of the study area was analysed, and the users were reached using the survey technique. In the third stage, the data obtained from the user participation were analysed with importance performance analysis (IPA) and an IPA matrix was created. The fourth stage included an evaluation of the results of the analysis and the development of recommendations. Findings: IPA is a supportive method for ensuring the sustainable use of historic buildings. According to the data obtained from the IPA, it was seen that the functional sustainability of the building was achieved to a great extent. At the same time, there were deficiencies in technical and environmental sustainability. In terms of aesthetic sustainability, it was observed that the importance and performance values given by the users were generally consistent with each other. Originality/value: The originality of this study is that the performance of the reused historical buildings in the process of use was monitored with appropriate parameters, and a user-participated method was proposed that allows improvement suggestions to be developed in line with the results obtained.
Mardin'de Yerel ve "Verneküler Modern" Mimarlık Stratejilerinin Keşfi ve Belgelenmesi
(2019) Işıker, Figen; Güneş, Nurcan; Ataş, Zeynep
Bu proje, Mardin’de 12. Yüzyıldan günümüze ulaşan geleneksel taş yapılara 1950 sonrasında kullanıcılar tarafından eklemlenen yapı eklerinin kayıt altına alınması ve elde edilecek envanter ile mekansal taktiklerinin ortaya konulmasını amaçlar. Kentin kullanıcıları tarafından üretilen, dolayısıyla Mardin’in kentsel ve mimari varlığının doğrudan parçası olan bu yapılar kentin geçirdiği gündelik ve sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik ve politik dönüşümlerin de yansımalarıdır. Mevcut yapılarla kurdukları ilişki, mekansal zenginlikleri, eklemlenme biçimleri, yapım malzemeleri ve yapılış hikayeleri bağlamında son derece özgün bu yapılaşma formel mimarlık çerçevesinin dışında kalarak, 2010 yılından itibaren yıkılma sürecine girmiştir. Bu çalışma, yok olmak üzere olan bu enformel bilginin belgelenerek kayıt altına alınması yoluyla gelecek nesillere aktarılabilmesini ve ileriki araştırmalara kaynak oluşturabilecek bir altlık oluşturularak korunmasını hedeflemektedir. Bu doğrultuda haritadaki konumları, adres bilgileri, plan, kesit, görünüş ve aksonometrik perspektif çizimleri, fotoğrafları, malzeme bilgisi ve hikayeleri üzerinden oluşturulan bir envanter çalışması ile bu yapılardan 400’ü belgelenmiş ve mekansal oluşları ilişkisel olarak çözümlenmeye başlanmıştır.
Post-occupancy evaluation: an expert-user-oriented model proposal based on key sustainability indicators
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2025) Kutlu, Izzettin; Kutlu, İzzettin; Bekar, Irem; Erguen, Rusen
Purpose The user-oriented reusing of historical heritages is a powerful planning strategy to increase sustainability and provide socioeconomic benefits for cities. The study aims to determine the post-occupancy sustainability of reused historical buildings.Design/methodology/approach A holistic model was designed by considering expert and user opinions to select the post-occupancy sustainability of reused historical buildings. The proposed model was developed concerning key sustainability indicators (KSI). This proposed model, which integrates expert and user views, is examined in an educational building with significant cultural value in Mardin.Findings The results of the KSI model indicate that the functional, technical and environmental sustainability of the building are at a medium level, while the aesthetic sustainability is rated as good. An analysis of the differences between importance and performance shows that the largest gap is in functional sustainability, with the smallest gap in technical sustainability. The environmental and aesthetic sustainability indicators show a smaller performance gap than the other two. The results suggest that functional sustainability requires immediate intervention, technical features should be improved based on user needs and aesthetic and environmental sustainability require monitoring but no urgent action.Originality/value The originality of the research is that it proposes a model that combines expert opinion and the opinions of building users to monitor the sustainability of the reused buildings throughout the usage process and enables them to be monitored with key sustainability criteria and to develop improvement suggestions in line with the results obtained.
Sürdürülebilir Kentsel Dönüşüm Süreçlerinde Çocukların Rolü, Tanımlar ve Örnekler
(Çizgi Yayınevi, 2023) Şimşek, Deryanur; Şimşek, Deryanur
Öncelikli olarak çalışmamızın temel kavramlarından olan kentsel dönüşümle ilgili tanımlara yer vermek gerekir. Kentsel dönüşüm, birçok farklı unsurun etkisiyle zamanla işlevini yitirmiş, yıpranmış ömrünü tamamlamış yapıların oluşturduğu kentsel dokunun günün şartları ve ihtiyaçları neticesinde yeniden ele alınması, değiştirilmesi, dönüştürülmesi ve yeniden kent hayatına kazandırılmasıdır (Ertaş ve Bayındır, 2020; McCormick vd., 2013; Özden, 2001). TDK’ya göre ise kentin imar planına uymayan ruhsatsız binalarının yıkılıp, planlara uygun olarak toplu yerleşim alanlarının oluşturulması olarak tanımlanan “Kentsel dönüşüm” kavramı, özetle kentleşmenin bir sonucu olarak karşımıza çıkan sorunların çözümüne ilişkin rehabilitasyon, geliştirme ve koruma çalışmaları olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Kentsel dönüşüm kavramına ilişkin yapılan tanımlar incelendiğinde, kentsel dönüşümün yalnızca mekânsal bir müdahale olarak tanımlara yansıdığı görülebilmektedir. Fakat kentsel dönüşüm yalnızca fiziksel değil; sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik olarak da yenilenmeyi ve dönüşmeyi sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda kentlerin sahip oldukları kimliklerin korunması, yapılı çevrenin fiziksel kalitesinin arttırılması, kentlerin sahip oldukları sosyal ve ekonomik düzeyin yükseltilmesi ve ekonomik işlevlerin tanımlanması gibi eylemler kentsel dönüşümün amaçlarından birkaçını oluşturmaktadır (Özden, 2001). Kentsel dönüşüm kavramı I. ve II. Dünya Savaşları sonrasında üniter devlet kentlerini yeniden ayağa kaldırmak için ideolojik bir yaklaşımla kültürel ve tarihi değerlerinin korunduğu yeni şehir inşası olarak planlanmıştır. Uzun yıllar politik ve stratejik bir hedef olarak ele alınmış bu olgu ilk kez gelişmiş Avrupa kentlerinde sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan çöküntü alanlarının yeniden canlandırılması ve kente kazandırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar ve uygulamalar yapılmasıyla birlikte mekânda karşılık bulmuştur (Ataöv ve Osmay, 2007). Bu çalışmalar ve uygulamalar genellikle düşük nüfus ve gelir grubuna sahip kentlilerin fiziksel ve ekonomik anlamda yetersiz yaşam alanlarında, terk edilmiş limanlarda ve sanayi alanlarında uygulanmıştır. Kentsel dönüşüm kavramı, gecekondulaşma ve çarpık kentleşme pratiklerinde yaşanan artışla birlikte gün geçtikçe önem kazanmış ve günümüzde kent yönetiminde önemli bir politika haline gelmiştir. Kentsel dönüşüm çalışmalarında, kentin rehabilitasyonu yapılırken kente yapılan müdahalelerin sonuçlarının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması da oldukça kritik olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda sürdürülebilir kent ve sürdürülebilir kentleşme kavramları öne çıkmaktadır.
Sustainable Preservation in the Context of Building Certification Systems
(Iksad, 2022) Kutlu, İzzettin; Şimşek, Deryanur; Şimşek, Deryanur
In recent years, as a result of an increase in the world's population, the development of technology, globalization, and an intense rivalry environment, the consumption of natural resources has been increasing rapidly. Correspondingly, one of the most devastating consequences of increasing environmental problems is global warming caused by pollution of the ecological environment, and the other is the risks it carries for future generations as a result of wastage and misuse of resource utilization (Günaydın, 2011). In the face of increasing environmental problems, people have oriented toward environmentally friendly attitudes. Parallel with it, sustainable approaches that support green and new policies have started to be produced to reduce the damage done to the environment. Environmental problems, which were previously considered at the national level, have been carried to the international level since the 1970s, with the effect of the energy crisis. The publication of the “Limits to Growth Report” in 1972 and the UN Environment Conference held in Stockholm were the first global steps taken in this area. In the Brundtland Commission in 1987 in the report which is called "Our Common Future", the concept of sustainable development has been defined as "the ability of future generations to meet the needs of today's generation without jeopardizing their ability to meet their own needs" (Aksu, 2011; Tutkun & İmamoğlu, 2015).
Towards a Digital Practice of Historical Stone Carvings
(Ecaade-education & Research Computer Aided Architectural design Europe, 2022) Aydın, Serdar; Ozkar, Mine; Aydin, Serdar
Local traditional crafts in various parts of the world are being transformed by digitalization in tandem with broader social and economic changes. Mardin, a historical and cultural hub in southeast Anatolia, presents an exemplary case with its stone architecture. Whereas the number of skilled craftsmen is diminishing, digital fabrication ateliers are increasingly in demand in the city and rising in number. Training programs have already started integrating CNC milling-based techniques. However, despite the growing interest in adapting computational processes, how the craft knowledge is documented and conveyed to multiple actors for maintaining and even increasing the quality of workmanship is yet to be explored. We present a novel way to document carving procedures and to create an inventory of the 3D motifs using cross-sections as complements to front views. The research engages end-user participants of different backgrounds, such as stone cutting technologies and architecture, with little or no practical knowledge of digital manufacturing. The work focuses on a selection of motifs from the Syriac stone carving heritage in Mardin, the documentation of which is very limited. The proposed workflow begins with recording the surface depth and the variations in the cross-section using digital scans. In the second stage, we consider the potential subtractive transformations that result in the final form and reconstruct them as milling operations with a parametric and procedural modeling approach. Various milling processes are derived by relating the shapes to the available cutting tools and materials. The study contributes to creating the inventory of an engraving culture that has lasted for hundreds of years while developing a generally applicable and transferable knowledge base to increase its sharing and dissemination in the age of digitally supported production.

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