Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/3596

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 28

An Assyrian Royal Relief at Elin in the Tur Abdin (kasiari)
(Walter de Gruyter Gmbh, 2024) Genç, Bülent; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
The focus of this study is a recently discovered rock relief in the village of Olin/Elin/Yak & imath;nca, 30 km south-southeast of Midyat. This relief aligns with the route of Ashurnasirpal II's campaign in 879 BC, providing new insights into the Assyrian entry into the Tur Abdin region. The main objectives of the study are to identify and date the Elin relief by analyzing its location, execution, and iconography within the broader context of Ashurnasirpal II's military campaign.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
Bodily boundaries transgressed: corporal alteration through ornamentation in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic at Boncuklu Tarla, Türkiye
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2024) Kodaş, Ergül; Baysal, Emma L.; Ozkan, Kazim; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Lack of contextual evidence for the use of small personal ornaments means that much of our understanding of ornamentation traditions within archaeological cultures is reconstructed from ethnographic comparisons. New in situ finds from the areas around the ears and mouth in burials at Boncuklu Tarla, a Neolithic settlement in Turkiye, add a novel dimension to the interpretation of stone 'tokens' or 'plugs'. This article presents a new typology for these artefacts and argues for their use as ear ornaments or labrets in a practice involving significant and lasting corporal alteration.
Boncuklu Tarla: Production and Social Dynamics of a Middle PPNB Knapped Stone Workshop (Mardin/Türkiye)
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Kodaş, Ergül; Kodas, Ergul; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Boncuklu Tarla, located about 2 kilometres west of the Tigris River, is one of the few sites continuously occupied throughout the entire Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period. This site offers key insights into the evolving techniques and typologies of knapped stone tool production during the Neolithisation process. In 2017, excavations revealed a knapped stone workshop on the floor of a domestic structure, dated to the Middle PPNB. A total of 2,067 artefacts-including cores, flakes, debris, and unprocessed raw material-were found in situ, stacked together. Of these, 1,564 pieces are flint and 503 are obsidian. The finds are especially significant for understanding the use of pressure flaking techniques. Detailed typological and technological analyses, supported by experimental studies, have helped reconstruct all stages of the cha & icirc;ne op & eacute;ratoire in this production context. The Boncuklu Tarla assemblage contributes important data on Neolithic craft specialization and the organization of lithic production within domestic spaces.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 5
Communal Architecture at Boncuklu Tarla, Mardin Province, Turkey
(Univ Chicago Press, 2021) Kodas, Ergul; Kodaş, Ergül; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Villages of the Preceramic Neolithic in the Near East are marked by a new style of construction, created to play a new, essential function. Indeed, it is in this period that, outside of residential habitations, communal buildings make their first appearance in the heart of Near Eastern villages. It is without doubt one of the first clear, historical attestations of social differentiation/organization in architecture. Truly, reflections on such constructions lead one to attribute to them adjectives aimed at encapsulating their supposed functions, such as "collective," "communal," "monumental," "public," "cultic," "storage structures," or even "megalithic" (Aurenche and Kozlowski 2000; Stordeur 2014; Watkins 2006; Goring-Morris and Belfer-Cohen 2014; Hauptmann 2012). The terminology here reflects considerably varying interpretations, often complementary and essentially derived from the architectural data, as the buildings reveal ground plans and internal structures that are quite distinct.
Citation - Scopus: 1
The Excavations of Boncuklu Tarla Eastern Part: New Data on the Late Ppna in the Upper Tigris Valley;
(Inst Francais Proche Orient, 2021) Kodaş, Ergül; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
The site of Boncuklu Tarla, in the province of Mardin in Turkey, was identified in 2008 and salvage excavations have been carried out since 2012. This archaeological excavation provides a new opportunity to examine the complete chronology of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic in the Upper Tigris Valley thanks to the presence of archaeological strata dating from the Epipaleolithic to the end of the late PPNB. In the eastern section of Boncuklu Tarla, PPNA remains enable us to reassess both public and domestic architecture, as well as the village’s spatial organization in the 10th millennium. In this area, we identified a “public” building surrounded by houses. Graves dating from the PPNA, lithic material and non-utilitarian objects made of stone or bones have also come to light in this part of the site. These new developments will improve our knowledge of material culture at the end of the 10th millennium in the Upper Tigris Valley. © 2021 Inst Francais Proche Orient. All rights reserved.
Citation - Scopus: 4
First Steps in the Archaeology of Assyria: Botta's Letters and the Excavation House at Khorsabad
(Cambridge University Press, 2019) Genç, Bülent; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Paolo Emilio Botta, who was sent to Mosul as the French Consul in 1842, explored at Kuyunjik and Nebi Yunus and then began investigating ancient stone foundations at Nebi Yunus. Muhammed/Mehmed Pasha and local religious leaders, who were worried that the tomb of prophet Yunus (Jonah) and a local mosque would be destroyed by the excavations, opposed these investigations and the work stopped as a result. After Nebi Yunus, Botta started to work at Kuyunjik in December 1842. While his workers were busy at Kuyunjik, someone from the village of Khorsabad talked about stones with inscriptions and reliefs on them on top of a hill. After three months of exhaustive work at Kuyunjik, on March 20th, 1843 Botta sent a group of workers to Khorsabad for excavation. However, problems arose about Botta's work in Mosul. The Pasha of the province in particular created obstructions. We have done research in the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry of Turkey on Botta's excavation permits and documents, the obstructions created by the Pasha of Mosul, the details of the story of Botta's experiences at Khorsabad and the relevant correspondence. In these archives we have found documents about the problems Botta experienced at Khorsabad, the conditions for excavation permits and the construction of an excavation house, the plan of the excavation house mentioned by Botta, which was drafted like a fortress next to the village houses and sent to Istanbul, as well as petitions of the villagers opposing Botta's work and his excavation house. Here, we attempt to re-read Botta's excavation seasons, permits and the problems he encountered through the documents in the Ottoman Archives in order to understand how this period is to be understood. Through these documents and correspondence, we were able to study the problems that arose between the Ottoman State and France as a result of Botta's excavations at Khorsabad. © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2019.
From Khazane Kapoussi/Hazine Kapısı To Analıkız: Rethinking A Place At Tušpa Citadel
(Archaeopress, 2019) Genç, Bülent; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
There are two monumental niches carved onto the bedrock in the area called Hazine Kapısı/Analıkız at Tušpa Citadel. This area was formed by setting up stelae within monumental niches and represents a significant architectural practice that is unparalleled in the Kingdom of Urartu. The niche to the west features the annals of Sarduri II. The annals relate various activities of the king, and do not make any references that would identify the area. However the area is generally identified today as an open-air sanctuary or a temple. Hazine Kapısı/Analıkız has been completely unearthed down to the bedrock by the excavations carried out by Layard, Orbeli and Lake at various times. This article attempts to redefine this area through an evaluation of the excavations and their results. It discusses in particular the reasons for its identification as an open-air sanctuary, and explains its significance for the kingdom and its relationship with the citadel through concrete evidence. © Archaeopress and authors 2019.
Citation - Scopus: 5
Highland Fortresses-Cemeteries and Settlement Complexes of Mt Süphan-Muş Plains in the Lake Van Basin: From the Middle Bronze To the Middle Iron Age (Urartu)
(Tuba-Turkish Acad Sciences, 2017) Özfırat, Aynur; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Fortresses-cemeteries and settlement complexes situated in the high plateau on the western slope of Mt Süphan which were studied in the basin of Lake Van survey is discussed in this article. In many archaeological sites located on Mt Süphan and the surrounding foothills in the Murat Valley-Muş Plains, fortresses and cemeteries, situated on the western slope of the mountain, are in large quantities. The most remarkable sites of our survey are settlement complexes. It seems that highlands, which had been very limitedly used in Early Bronze Age-Kura Araxes, were highly densely populated from Middle Bronze to the Early Iron Age. The cemeteries of Middle Bronze Age, found widespread on the highlands ofMt Süphan, imply the existence of a considerable population, no related settlements is observed. Settlement pattern again changed in the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age, as shown by the highland fortresses-cemeteries. The increase in the number of fortresses in this period is striking in the whole region. Assyrian and Urartian epigraphic sources give information about these local pre-Urartian polities of eastern Anatolia starting from 13lH century BC, which are mentioned under the names ofUruatri and Nairi lands. Fortresses-cemeteries located in highlands, which were understood to be used extensively by these Early Iron Age (pre-Urartian) polities. Middle Iron Age-Urartian pottery were seen, though smaller in numbers compared to the Early Iron Age. It seems that, some of the local fortresses and seasonal settlements for animal husbandry have been used in Middle Iron Age-Urartu. Basically, Urartian constructions were built on a strategic location in the lower areas compared to the Early Iron Age.
Khorsabad/dūr-šarrukin Kazısı ve Asar-ı Atika\rMizamnamelerine Etkisi
(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2021) Genç, Bülent; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Musul’a Fransa konsolosu olarak atanan Paolo Emilio Botta ile 19. yüzyılın son\rçeyreğinde Mezopotamya Arkeolojisi’nde önemli değişimler yaşanmaya başlar.\rBotta’nın Musul çevresinde yaptığı araştırmalar sırasında Khorsabad köyünden\rgelen bir kişi, bir tepenin üzerine inşa edilmiş kabartmalarla bezeli taşlar ve\ryazıtlardan bahseder. Kuyunjik’teki üç ay süren yorucu çalışmalardan sonra Botta,\r20 Mart 1843’te bir grup işçisini Khorsabad’a göndererek kazıya başlatır. Ancak\rBotta’nın Musul’daki çalışmalarında bir süre sonra bazı problemler baş göstermeye\rbaşlar. Özellikle vilayetteki Mehmed Paşa’nın çeşitli engeller oluşturduğu\rgörülmektedir. Bu bağlamda Botta’nın kazı izin ve belgelerini, Musul Paşası’nın\rengellerini ve Botta’nın Khorsabad’ta yaşadığı hikâyenin ayrıntılarını, arka planını\rve konu ile ilgili yazışmalarını öğrenmek için Osmanlı Arşivi’nde araştırmalarda\rbulunduk. Botta’nın Khorsabad’da yaşadığı problemler, kazı iznine ve kazı evi\rinşasına dair şartlar, Botta’nın bahsettiği ve köy evlerinin yanında bir kale gibi\rçizilerek İstanbul’a gönderilen kazı evinin planı ve köylülerin Botta’nın çalışmalarına\rve kazı evine karşı sunduğu dilekçeler gibi belgelerle karşılaştık. Bu makalede\rsöz konusu belgeler üzerinden Botta’nın kazı dönemlerini, izin belgelerini ve\rkarşılaştığı problemleri yeniden okumaya çalışarak bu dönemin nasıl ele alındığını\rve nasıl değerlendirildiğini anlamaya çalıştık. Özellikle Khorsabad bağlamında\rBotta’ya verilen kazı iznini ve maddelerini gözden geçirerek sonraki Asar-ı Atika\rNizamnameleri’ne katkısını irdeledik.
Kün Aftare Settlements: First Reports on the Neolithization Process in the Northern Habur Valley
(Istanbul Univ, 2024) Kodaş, Ergül; İpek, Bahattin; Dinç, Onur; San, Mehmet; Dinc, Onur; Mentese, Devrim Hasan; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
The Neolithization process in southeastern Anatolia has been the subject of many studies over the years. However, these have primarily been concentrated & Scedil;anl & imath;urfa region provide important information on the Neolithization process in the mountainous region between these two rivers. The 2023 Archaeological Survey of the Pleistocene and Early Holocene Period in the Artuklu, K & imath;z & imath;ltepe, Ye & scedil;illi, and Neolithic Period in the Northern Habur Valley. In this context, the settlements the unique Neolithization process of the Northeastern Habur Valley, a key area to both southeastern Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia.
Melekli-Kültepe (Igdir) Mound, Urartian Fortress and Columbarium in Minuahinili (Karakoyunlu) on the northern slope of Mt Agri [Melekli-kültepe (igdir) höyügü, urartu kalesi ve columbarium: agri dagi'nin kuzey etegindeki minuahinili (karakoyunlu) kenti]
(Mersin University, 2017) Özfırat, Aynur; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
In this article the Urartian settlement in Melekli-Igdir is discussed together with the new sites investigated during the Mt Agri survey and the excavations undertaken at the Melekli-Kultepe Columbarium by P. F. Petrov (1913) and K. Balkan (1966). The most remarkable sites of Mt Agri survey are those described as complex settlements, these are Melekli and Karakoyunlu on the north foot and Bozkurt on the south foot. These kinds of settlements spread over a vast area were inhabited for a long period between the Late Chalcolithic Period and the Middle Iron Age (Urartu) or the Late Iron Age (Achaemenid), related to each other. There are mounds, fortresses, lower cities and cemeteries that comprise different periods in the horizontal stratification system at each one of these complex settlements in important locations. Melekli and Karakoyunlu located at the north foothills of Mt Agri and Igdir Plain - Aras Valley posses complexes of the area with the most important archaeological finds. Melekli and Karakoyunlu are important centers also for the Early Iron Age and Middle Iron Age (Urartu). This region was taken within the Urartian borders in the conquest of Eriqua, an Early Iron Age local kingdom, and a new province was established by the Urartian King Minua (810-785/780 BC). Besides its fertile soils, the Igdir Plain - Aras Valley was also important with regards to being a gateway point for southern Transcaucasia-northwestern Iran. According to the inscriptions, King Minua built his new city Minuahinili at Karakoyunlu (Fortress II) as the center of the new province besides another Fortress (Bulakbaçi 2). Numerous new Urartian fortresses which were detected in our research indicate that the city of Minuahinili had developed through the new settlement over the course of adjustments conducted at this region and Southern Caucasia-Northwestern Iran by both Minua and the subsequent kings: Melekli-Lanetlitepe and Bozkurt Fortress II were outposts - road stations situated on both sides of the Mt Agri western pass; Ömeraga-Gölyüzü Fortress was the central fortress located at the southern slope; the Aktaç Fortress was a garrison-city on the northern slope. Melekli Urartian settlement contains an outpost - road station (Lanetlitepe Fortress), which was probably established by King Minua. Its inhabitation seems to have persisted without interruption, together with the settlement and columbarium at Kiiltepe Mound and the fort (?) (Deliktas Mound). Melekli, with its location at the west end of the plain and on the Mt Agri - southern Transcaucasia - northwestern Iran gateway, was the most important point between the city of Minuahinili and Eastern Anatolia.
Melekli-kültepe (ıgdir) Mound, Urartian Fortress And Columbarium İn Minuahinili (karakoyunlu) On The Northern Slope Of Mt Aǧri;
(Mersin University, 2017) Özfırat, Aynur; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
In this article the Urartian settlement in Melekli-Igdir is discussed together with the new sites investigated during the Mt Agri survey and the excavations undertaken at the Melekli-Kultepe Columbarium by P. F. Petrov (1913) and K. Balkan (1966). The most remarkable sites of Mt Agri survey are those described as complex settlements, these are Melekli and Karakoyunlu on the north foot and Bozkurt on the south foot. These kinds of settlements spread over a vast area were inhabited for a long period between the Late Chalcolithic Period and the Middle Iron Age (Urartu) or the Late Iron Age (Achaemenid), related to each other. There are mounds, fortresses, lower cities and cemeteries that comprise different periods in the horizontal stratification system at each one of these complex settlements in important locations. Melekli and Karakoyunlu located at the north foothills of Mt Agri and Igdir Plain - Aras Valley posses complexes of the area with the most important archaeological finds. Melekli and Karakoyunlu are important centers also for the Early Iron Age and Middle Iron Age (Urartu). This region was taken within the Urartian borders in the conquest of Eriqua, an Early Iron Age local kingdom, and a new province was established by the Urartian King Minua (810-785/780 BC). Besides its fertile soils, the Igdir Plain - Aras Valley was also important with regards to being a gateway point for southern Transcaucasia-northwestern Iran. According to the inscriptions, King Minua built his new city Minuahinili at Karakoyunlu (Fortress II) as the center of the new province besides another Fortress (Bulakbaçi 2). Numerous new Urartian fortresses which were detected in our research indicate that the city of Minuahinili had developed through the new settlement over the course of adjustments conducted at this region and Southern Caucasia-Northwestern Iran by both Minua and the subsequent kings: Melekli-Lanetlitepe and Bozkurt Fortress II were outposts - road stations situated on both sides of the Mt Agri western pass; Ömeraga-Gölyüzü Fortress was the central fortress located at the southern slope; the Aktaç Fortress was a garrison-city on the northern slope. Melekli Urartian settlement contains an outpost - road station (Lanetlitepe Fortress), which was probably established by King Minua. Its inhabitation seems to have persisted without interruption, together with the settlement and columbarium at Kiiltepe Mound and the fort (?) (Deliktas Mound). Melekli, with its location at the west end of the plain and on the Mt Agri - southern Transcaucasia - northwestern Iran gateway, was the most important point between the city of Minuahinili and Eastern Anatolia.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Memory of destroyed Khorsabad, Victor Place, and the story of a shipwreck
(Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 2021) Genç, Bülent; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Victor Place was appointed as a consul to Mosul in 1851, where having arrived in 1852 he started excavations at Khorsabad. Financial problems forced him to stop this activity towards the end of 1853. As the Interior Ministry appointed him to another post in 1854, he wanted to transport the Khorsabad finds before he left Mosul. However, the roads were extremely unsafe because of the Muntafiq Arab tribes' revolt. The local authorities repeatedly warned Place about this problem, stressing that he should wait until after the revolt was over before leaving. But despite these warnings, Place transported the Khorsabad finds from Mosul to Baghdad by keleks (rafts). The plan was then to transport them to Basra from Baghdad. Place set off on the river with a fleet made up of four keleks and a ship. Smuggled goods loaded on the ship made it heavier and attracted the attention of looters. On 21 May 1855, the fleet was attacked by bandits in the region of Kurna, located between Baghdad and Basra. The ship and two keleks sank at the spot, while the remaining two keleks arrived at Basra with some of the rescued goods. Various attempts to retrieve the sunken finds then followed. This article accordingly considers new data on the Kurna accident, drawing on Ottoman archival sources, particularly reports written at the time that discussed the possible causes of the accident and the negligent actions linked to it. As the destroyed memory of Khorsabad makes clear, archaeology cannot be rushed.
New evidence of Pleistocene hominin occupation in Mardin Province, south-east Turkey: Şlkefta Elobrahimo Cave
(Cambridge Universty Press, 2023) Kodaş, Ergül; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
An archaeological field project designed to investigate Palaeolithic occupation is being undertaken in Mardin Province, south-east Turkey. New sites have been identified and recorded systematically, including Şıkefta Elobrahimo Cave. Together, these provide ample evidence for hominin presence in this area since the Middle Palaeolithic.
New Observations on Pre-Pottery Neolithic Earrings and Lip Labrets at Boncuklu Tarla. Age, Gender and Social Identity
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2025) Kodaş, Ergül; Erdem, Çağdaş; Ozer, Ismail; Labedan-Kodas, Charlotte; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02.01. Department of Anthropology / Antropoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
New data from the excavations at Boncuklu Tarla reveal that objects previously classified as ambiguous stone artefacts, tokens, or more commonly stone earplugs, are, in fact, labret earrings. The discovery of these objects in situ during the excavations has, more specifically, led to a reevaluation of their definition. Our study of the burials in which these objects were found not only validate their use as body ornaments but also provide further data highlighting their significance. We can now engage in a discussion of concepts such as individual and social identity, taking into account the age and gender of the individuals associated with these objects. This article therefore aims to discuss the earrings and labrets recovered from burial contexts during the 2017 excavation season at Boncuklu Tarla, establishing their typology and focusing on the age and gender of the deceased wearing them, while reinterpreting them through the lens of identity. (c) 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Citation - Scopus: 1
New Urartian Inscriptions from Malazgirt, East Turkey, and the Localization of the City of Mezaiani
(AMER ORIENTAL SOC, 2023) Genç, Bülent; Genç, Bülent; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Located in the northwest of the Lake Van basin, the city of Malazgirt was an important area of the kingdom of Urartu from its earliest period due to its strategic location. Inscriptions of king Minua (810–785/80 BCE) mention important construction projects, including fortresses, temples, and irrigation canals, in and around Malazgirt. This article deals with the Urartian presence in Malazgirt, presents new Urartian inscriptions, and considers their significance for historical geography. Particularly important is the Leter stele, which informs us of the correct reading of the name of the irrigation canal built by King Minua—Mezaiani, the antecedent form of Malazgirt. Another stele documents the agricultural activities of King Argišti (780–756 bc).
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
THE POSSIBLE USE OF ANCIENT TOWER TOMBS AS WATCHTOWERS IN SYRO-MESOPOTAMIA
(INT SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY REMOTE SENSING C/O SCHOOL OF SURVEYIN, 2015) Silver, Minna Angelina; Torma, Markus; Silver, Kenneth; Okkonen, Jari; Nunez, Milton; Yen, YN; Weng, KH; Cheng, HM; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Traditionally polygonal tower tombs dating from the Greco-Roman era, especially found in the area of Syro-Mesopotamia, have only been treated as funerary structures without discussion of their other possible purposes. In this paper we wish to inquire whether they had other functions as well. The most famous examples of these types of tombs are situated in Palmyra in Syria. They are built of limestone, follow a square layout, and some exceed the height of 20 m. Similar structures are found in the Euphrates valley of Syria. The Finnish project SYGIS that worked in the neighbourhood of the Euphrates and Palmyra during the previous decade studied some of the structures in the region. As far as the tower tombs are concerned, our research suggests that new structural, topographical and spatial aspects can be raised, and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) can be applied for analysing their properties for visibility. The tendency to locate tower tombs along roads and the entrance areas of a city as well as at a mountain edge seems to indicate that the tombs may have had observational functions serving as watch towers. The aspects of the location in terrains are emphasized in the present study, and digital terrain models were utilized using SRTM DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data for carrying out viewshed analyses in order to survey the observational qualities of the towers in Palmyra, on Halabiya, on Jebel Bishri in Syria and Hatra in Iraq.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 6
REMOTE SENSING, LANDSCAPE AND ARCHAEOLOGY TRACING ANCIENT TRACKS AND ROADS BETWEEN PALMYRA AND THE EUPHRATES IN SYRIA
(INT SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY REMOTE SENSING C/O SCHOOL OF SURVEYIN, 2015) Silver, Minna Angelina; Torma, Markus; Silver, Kenneth; Okkonen, Jari; Nunez, Milton; Yen, YN; Weng, KH; Cheng, HM; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
The present paper concentrates on the use of remote sensing by satellite imagery for detecting ancient tracks and roads in the area between Palmyra and the Euphrates in Syria. The Syrian desert was traversed by caravans already in the Bronze Age, and during the Greco-Roman period the traffic increased with the Silk Road and trade as well as with military missions annexing the areas into empires. SYGIS-the Finnish archaeological survey and mapping project traced, recorded and documented ancient sites and roads in the region of Jebel Bishri in Central Syria in 2000-2010 before the outbreak of the civil war in Syria. Captured data of ancient roads and bridge points bring new light to the study of ancient communication framework in the area. Archaeological research carried out by the project on the ground confirmed the authenticity of many road alignments, new military and water harvesting sites as well as civilian settlements, showing that the desert-steppe area was actively used and developed probably from the second century AD. The studies further demonstrated that the area between Palmyra and the Euphrates was militarily more organised already in the second and third centuries AD than earlier believed. Chronologically, the start of this coincided with the "goldenage" of the Palmyrene caravans in the second century AD. Topography and landscape were integral parts of the construction of graves/tumuli as sign-posts guiding in the desert, as well as roads and all kinds of settlements whether military or civilian.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
A "shaman" Burial From the Ppna Settlement of Cemka Hoyuk, Upper Tigris Basin, Turkiye
(Elsevier France-editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2024) Kodaş, Ergül; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Erdem, Çağdaş; Ciftci, Yunus; 02.01. Department of Anthropology / Antropoloji Bölümü; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Knowledge of the burial customs of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in the Near East is increasing. Particularly, lately a large number of burials and skeletal remains have been unearthed in the Upper Tigris Basin, thanks to a number of new excavation projects in recent years. The newly revealed findings indicate that PPNA burial customs varied considerably in the region from site to site. However, the 10th millennium BCE burial CH 2019/05 at Cemka Hoyuk shows as well that there are also different burial practices with in settlements. CH 2019/05 belongs to a female individual, accompanied by animal skeletal elements, who appears to may have been a shaman or at least had been buried by someone practicing ways associated with what we understand nowadays as animism or shamanism. Hence, the burial may represent one of the earliest known examples of its kind in an Anatolian Neolithic context. @ 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Spectroscopic and microscopic analysis of yarn sample found in Başur Höyük Early Bronze Age Cemetery
(Elsevier, 2023) Batıhan, Metin; Gündüz Balpetek, Fatma; Süpüren Mengüç, Gamze; Batıhan, Metin; Aydoğan, İnan; Özmen Batıhan, Öznur; Boz, Serkan; Demsar, Andrej; 02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü; 02. Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakültesi; 01. Mardin Artuklu University / Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
The Early Bronze Age cemetery at Başur Höyük (Siirt, Türkiye), dated back to the 3rd millennium BC, contains a wide range of ancient artifacts. Thousands of finds consisting of various metal objects, pottery, stone and textile artifacts were excavated from the site, where a total of 18 graves were found and excavated. The well-preserved textile artifacts, found especially on metal objects, are the subject of the present article. The article presents the initial results of the joint work of the archaeologists and textile engineers involved in the archaeological excavation project at Başur Höyük. The paper presents general information about the uses of the textile materials found in the Başur Höyük EBA burial site and the Başur Höyük graves, concluded on the basis of their relationship with the other excavated materials. In addition, the results of the quantitative analyses of the yarn artifact is presented, which were carried out using non-destructive analytical methods, such as: FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SEM microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The infrared spectra of the yarn sample indicate the cellulose origin of the ancient fibers.

Browse

Browsing Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu by Author "02.03. Department of Archaeology / Arkeoloji Bölümü"