Browsing by Author "Çiftçi, Osman"

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First report of fruit rot of eggplant caused by Pythium viniferum in Turkey
(SpringerLink, 2021) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel
In August 2019, symptoms including dark brown and irregular sunken lesions or blights on the fruit pedicel and calyx of eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) occurred with a 3% incidence in two felds in Şanlıurfa province of Turkey.
First report of Globisporangium heterothallicum causing root and crown rot of pepper in Turkey
(New Disease Reports, 2020) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Çiftçi, Osman
Turkey is the world's third-largest producer of pepper (Capsicum annuum), annually cultivating over 90,000 ha and producing over half a million tonnes of fruit. In 2019, wilting and death of c. 20% of plants were observed in pepper fields in Şanlıurfa province, Turkey (Fig. 1). Severe root and crown rot symptoms with discoloration were observed on affected plants, and necrotic lesions expanded rapidly into the stems which killed the plant (Fig. 2).
Fungi isolated from cankered tissues of declining apricot trees in Malatya and Elazığ provinces of Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel
Surveys were carried out in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production areas of Malatya and Elazığ provinces from April to November in 2015 and 2016. Fungal and oomycetous diseases causing dieback and decline symptoms were investigated and locations where the diseases were prevalent were determined according to the districts in these provinces. Nine and 40 orchards were visited in Elazığ and Malatya during the course of the surveys. A total of 665 out of 5750 apricot trees were checked and the disease incidence was found to be 44% in the surveyed orchards. Out of isolates obtained from root and crown tissues of symptomatic trees, isolates obtained from cankered tissues were characterized according to their morphological characteristics. Genomic DNA was extracted from representative isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced and submitted to GenBank. NCBI BLAST results showed 98 to 100% similarity with the ITS sequences of many Clonostachys rosea f. rosea (Link : Fr.) Schroers et. al. 1999 (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales), Sarocladium kiliense (Grütz) Summerb. 2011 (Ascomycetes, Incertae sedis) (Syn: Acremonium kiliense), Phoma sp. (Ascomycetes, Pleosporales), Entoleuca spp. (Ascomycetes, Xylariales) strains deposited in NCBI GenBank. The sequences were submitted to GenBank and given accession numbers were MF536537 and MF536538 for C. rosea, MF536539 for S. kiliense, MF536540 and MF536541 for Phoma spp., and MF536542, MF536543, MF536544 and MF536545 for Entoleuca spp. isolates. Moreover, Verticillium dahliae and Macrophomina phaseolina were also isolated from inner tissues of necrotic branches and morphologically identified. However, pathogenicity of these isolates needs further investigations. If some isolates were not pathogenic, their endophytic or hperparasitic characteristics against pathogenic ones should be tested in order to fully exploit their potential for use as biological control agents.
ITS and LSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences based confirmation of Cytospora chrysosperma and Chondrostereum purpureum from symptomatic cankered tissues of Populus nigra trees in Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
Malatya ili Doğanşehir ilçesinde 2016 yılında yapılan arazi çalışmaları sırasında gövde, dal kanseri ve kuruma belirtileri gösteren kavak (Populus nigra) ağaçlarından alınan örneklerden yapılan laboratuar çalışmaları sonucunda piknidyum içeren kabukların altından ve odun dokularından sırasıyla Cytospora chrysosperma ve Chondrostereum purpureum izole edilmiştir. İlkbaharda, kavak ağaçlarının sürgünlerine, tamamen gelişmiş olan dördüncü yapraklarının koparılması sonucu ortaya çıkan yaralar üzerine, C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum izolatları tarafından kolonize edilmiş agar disklerinin yerleştirilmesiyle inokulasyon yapılmıştır. İnokülasyondan üç ay sonra C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum ile inokulasyon bölgesinde sırasıyla 6,4 ve 3,3 cm uzunluğunda kanserler oluşmuş ve sürgünler büzüşmüştür. Benzer bir şekilde, serada gerçekleştirilen patojenite testlerinde, kabuk dokusunda oluşturulan yaraların bu izolatlar ile inokülasyonundan yaklaşık 14 gün sonra kanser oluşumu gerçekleşmiştir. Hastalanan bitkilerin dokularından yapılan izolasyonlarda C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum’un tekrar izole edilmesi ile hastalık etmenlerinin bu funguslar olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Steril ortam diskleri ile inokule edilen kontrol sürgünlerdeki yaralarda kanser oluşmamıştır. Her fungal türün temsili izolatından tüm DNA’nın izolasyonu yapılmıştır. İzole edilen toplam DNA’lar, rDNA'nın internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ve large subunit (LSU) gen bölgeleri için sırasıyla ITS6/ITS4 ve NL1/NL4 primer çiftleri kullanılarak amplifiye edilmiş ve dizilenmiştir. BLAST analizleri sonucunda, daha önce Gen Bankası’nda kaydedilen birçok C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum ITS ve LSU nükleotid dizisi ile %99 benzerlik göstermiştir. Bu diziler Gen Bankasına kaydedilmiştir. C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum’nın ITS-rDNA için NCBI’dan verilen erişim numaraları sırasıyla MF536529 ve MF536531; LSU-rDNA için veriler erişim numaraları ise sırasıyla MF536530 ve MF536532’dir. Bu fungus etmenlerinin Türkiye'deki varlığı daha önce bildirilmekle birlikte bu çalışma, C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum'un ITS ve LSU-rDNA nükleotid dizilerine dayanarak moleküler karakterizasyonlarının ilk raporudur.
ITS and LSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences based confirmation of Cytospora chrysosperma and Chondrostereum purpureum from symptomatic cankered tissues of Populus sp. trees in Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
The fungi Cytospora chrysosperma and Chondrostereum purpureum were isolated from orange-brown inner bark with pycnidia in the bark surface and underlying wood tissues of infected poplar plants (Populus sp.) with symptoms of stem and branch canker in Doğanşehir, Malatya, in 2016, respectively. Twigs of poplar trees were inoculated during their first season of growth by removing the fourth fully expanded leaves and placing agar plugs colonized by representative isolates of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum over the resulting wounds. Three months after inoculation, cankers in 6.4 and 3.3 cm length formed by C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum, respectively, and twigs were girdled. Pathogenicity tests in a greenhouse experiment by shallow wounds made into the bark tissue and inoculation with these isolates in a similar manner also resulted in canker formation in and around inoculated wounds 14 days after inoculation. Subsequent re-isolations of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum confirmed that these fungi were the causal agents of the disease, and no cankers formed in wounds that received only sterile plugs. DNA was extracted from representative isolates of each fungal species. Extracted DNA templates were amplified and sequenced for rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene regions using ITS6/ITS4 and NL1/NL4 primer pairs, respectively. NCBI BLAST results showed 99% similarity with the ITS and LSU sequences of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum in GenBank. The sequences were submitted to GenBank. Given accession numbers of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum were MF536529 and MF536531 for ITSrDNA; MF536530 and MF536532 for LSU-rDNA, respectively. Existence of these fungi in Turkey was previously reported. However, this is a first report of molecular characterization of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum based on ITS and LSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences of these fungi in Turkey.
Morphological, pathogenic and molecular characterization of Globisporangium ultimum causing stem and root-rot disease of bean plants grown in Diyarbakır Province of Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is an economic important herbaceous annual legume plant in the family Fabaceae. It is amongst the most widely cultivated legumes of the world for its delicious seeds having high protein content like other legume seeds. In mid-June2016, we observed bean plants belonging to cv. Ayşekadın at near harvest stage in a commercial field located in Hanzo District of Diyarbakır Province (Southeastern Anatolia) with necrotic taproots and few lateral roots. Infected hypocotyls above the soil line and lower stems had light brown lesions, and plants showed symptoms of wilting. Within a month, the incidence of the affected plants grown in this 30 da field reached 50%. Tissue fragments of 1 mm2 were excised from the root and stem lesion of infected plants, dipped in a solution containing 1% sodium hypochlorite, and plated on grated apple corn meal agar (GACMA) amended with P5ARPH. Plates were incubated at 22°C for 5 days. A Pythium-like organism was consistently isolated from tissues. Growing hyphal tips of isolates were transferred onto V8 medium for production of sexual structures. All isolates were identified as Globisporangium ultimum (Syn: Pythium ultimum) based on the morphological characters of sporangia, oogonia, antheridia, oospores and hyphal swellings. To confirm Koch's postulates, two isolates were tested for pathogenicity against bean (cv. Ayşekadın) by placing colonized GACMA plugs or GACMA alone next to the crown. Symptoms similar to those observed in the field on bean developed on inoculated plants and the pathogen was reisolated. Controls did not develop disease. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of a single isolate was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced. BLAST analysis of the ITS sequence (GenBank Accession No MF536533) showed a 100% homology with the corresponding sequences of many isolates of G. ultimum in GenBank and confirmed our identification of this isolate as G. ultimum. Collar and root rot caused by G. ultimum affects bean plants in many regions of the world. The pathogen was also reported in Hatay and Samsun provinces of Turkey. No published information exists, however, on the existence of this pathogen in the Southeastern Anatolia Region (Diyarbakır). Besides, this is first report of molecular characterization of G. ultimum in Turkey.
New disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum devastates tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in Turkey
(2019) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem; Dikilitaş, Murat
A novel disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was observed in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Symptoms were blight of all aerial parts of the plant, including stems, branches, leaves, petioles, flowers and fruits, defoliation, root rot, inner stem necrosis, and plant death. The disease was found in 13.9% of surveyed fields, with an incidence varying from 3% to nearly 75% (average 21.2%) of the plants in symptomatic fields. The average severity of blight on stem in fields with the symptomatic plant surveyed was 1.4%. A Botryosphaeriaceae species, identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers using morphological and cultural features, was consistently isolated from symptomatic roots, inner stems, and blighted leaves, shoots, stems, fruits and flowers. The partial nucleotide sequence data for three gene loci, including nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) genes and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α), confirmed the morphological identification. Furthermore, sequence data of actin genes from N. dimidiatum was, for the first time, deposited to the GenBank. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by testing the susceptibility of different tomato tissues (leaves, stems, inner stems and roots of tomato seedlings, and detached tomato fruits and flowers) to N. dimidiatum inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum on tomato.
Occurrence of Phytophthora Cryptogea Causing Root and Collar Rot on Sweet Cherry Trees in Diyarbakır Province of Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
Turkey is the world's largest producer of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), a member of stone fruits, with approximately 500 thousand tons of fruit produced annually. 24,385 sweet cherry trees are grown in 1,358 da area of Diyarbakır province with 275 t of fruit produced annually. In May 2015, approximately 30% of 500 5-year-old sweet cherry (P. avium cv. Ziraat 0900) trees grafted onto ‘Mahaleb’ in Çüngüs of Diyarbakır province showed wilting, lack of vigor, and dieback, with severely infected trees dying. Reddish necrotic tissues at the base of the trunk often extending to the main roots were observed on those trees. When they uprooted; necrosis on taproots and decay on feeder roots appeared. Tissue samples taken from the margins of crown and root lesions were placed on grated apple corn meal agar amended with P5ARPH. Plates were incubated for 4 days at 20°C in the dark and a Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from the tissues. The morphological features fit the descriptions of Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff. P. cryptogea was pathogenic on 5 to 7 mm × 20 cm diam. shoots detached from a 1-year-old ‘Mahaleb’ cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) rootstock tree. Genomic DNA was extracted from a representative isolate. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced (GenBank Accession No: MF538788). BLAST searches showed a 99 to 100% identity with many P. cryptogea strains AF087475, AY995400, GU111626, GU111624, KP070713, KP070713, KP070715, KP070719, KP070716, KP070721, KP070709 etc. Deposited in NCBI GenBank and Phytophthora-ID databases. The provenance of P. cryptogea in a sweet cherry orchard in Ankara province (Central Anatolia), in a kiwifruit orchard in Bartın province (Black Sea Region), and in a potato field in Erzincan province (Eastern Anatolia Region) was previously reported in Turkey. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of P. cryptogea in a new region, in the Southeastern Anatolia, causing root and collar rot of cherry trees.
Phytopythium litorale: A novel killer pathogen of plane (Platanus orientalis) causing canker stain and root and collar rot
(Plant Disease, 2020) Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Çiftçi, Osman; Özer, Göksel; Serçe, Çiğdem Ulubaş; Dikilitaş, Murat
Decline symptoms associated with lethal stem and branch canker stain along with root and collar rots were observed on 5- to 7-year-old roadside oriental plane trees (Platanus orientalis) in Diyarbakır, Turkey. Above-ground symptoms included leaf necrosis, leaf curling, extensive bluish or blackish staining of shoots, branches, stem bark, and wood surfaces, as well as stem cankers and exfoliation of branch bark scales. A general decline of the trees was distinctly visible from a distance. A Phytophthora/ Pythium-like oomycete species with globose to ovoid, often papillate and internally proliferating sporangia was consistently isolated from the fine and coarse roots and stained branch parts and shoots. The pathogen was identified as Phytopythium litorale based on several morphological features. Partial DNA sequences of three loci, including nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large ribosomal subunit (LSU), and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (coxII) confirmed the morphological identification. All P. litorale isolates were homothallic, developing gametangia, ornamented oogonia with elongate to lobate antheridia. Pathogenicity of P. litorale was tested by inoculation on excised shoots and by root inoculation on seedlings. P. litorale produced large lesions and blights on shoots in just 5 days and killed 100% of the seedlings in a month. This paper presents the first confirmed report of P. litorale as an important pathogen on a plant species causing branch and stem cankers, and root and collar rot, in and on P. orientalis, resulting in a rapid decline of trees and suggesting a threat to plane.
Root and stem rot caused by Fusarium solani on a new host, apricot
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem
Apricot plantations (Prunus armeniaca L.) in Malatya and Elazığ cover approximately ten thousand hectares with nearly 10 million trees. In a survey carried out in apricot production areas of Malatya and Elazığ provinces from April to November in 2015 and 2016, apricot trees displayed symptoms of yellowing, stunting, rotting of roots and basal stems, and wilting, especially on those with injuries. A severe brown discoloration of vascular tissue along the stems of infected trees was also observed. Tissues samples collected from symptomatic trees were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite and isolations were conducted on potato dextrose agar (PDA). A Fusarium sp. was consistently isolated from the roots and stems of diseased trees at Pötürge, Doğanşehir, Darende, Doğanyol, Akçadağ, Battalgazi and Baskil districts with 5.7, 10.0, 2.0, 3.3, 6.7, 6.7 and 6.7% incidence, respectively. All isolates obtained had white fluffy aerial hypha on PDA. Morphological characteristics of two types of conidia, macroconidia with three to five septate and microconidia with mostly non-septate to one septate, and chlamydospores produced pointed the fungal isolates to be Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. 1881 (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales). Microconidia were abundant and macroconidia were sparse on PDA. To confirm pathogenicity, 20 healthy 1-year-old wild apricot ‘Zerdali’ rootstock seedlings grown in pots (25 cm in diameter) with sterilized soil were used for two experiments. For the first experiments, a conidial suspension from one isolate (Fs3) cultivated on PDA plates at 28°C for 7 days was used for root inoculation of 6 plants by submerging roots for 20 min in a conidial suspension (5×105 conidia/ml). Four seedlings inoculated with sterile water were used as controls. After 1 month incubation in a greenhouse, dark brown lesions were observed in the inoculated mature roots but not in the control roots. Pathogenicity was also confirmed by stem inoculations of plants in the second experiments. Six plants were inoculated with one mycelium disk of Fs3 (1 cm diameter) each, and sterile PDA disks were placed on four additional plants as controls. The inoculation site was wrapped with Parafilm for 2 days, and then the film was removed. After 1 month, symptoms similar to those observed in the field developed on the trunks of all inoculated plants, while only slight scars formed on the control plants. F. solani was reisolated from all inoculated root and stem tissues. For species confirmation, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of rDNA of Fs3 isolate was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced. NCBI BLAST results of a 509-bp sequence shared 100% identity with those of many F. solani GenBank accessions previously reported. The new sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. MF536534). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani causing disease on this host plant, P. armeniaca, in Turkey and worldwide, which may help to establish the appropriate measures to control this disease.