Browsing by Author "Durmaz, Sevda Canbay"

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Changes in Human Skull Anatomy from Past to Today: Systematic Review
(2024) Bolatlı, Güneş; Durmaz, Sevda Canbay
Aim: Changes in human populations and anatomical features are explained by various evolutionary processes, with cranial diversity being among the most striking. The skull is composed of three regions with distinct developmental origins: the cranial vault, face, and skull base. Skull morphology is known to have evolved significantly over centuries. This study aims to systematically examine anatomical changes in the skull and its formations over time by reviewing studies on skull morphology. Materials and Methods: The systematic review was conducted between November 8, 2023, and December 20, 2023. Publications were accessed by searching PubMed, Springer, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords “human evolution”, “cranial anatomy evolution”, and “evolution homo skull”. Results: A total of 82,043 articles were initially identified through the search. Of the 16 studies selected for in-depth review, 10 provided data on the geographic regions to which the skulls belonged, and 6 provided data on their estimated time period. All studies analyzed skull morphology through three-dimensional imaging, which was generated using various computer software programs. Conclusion: Our review of studies examining skull morphology across different centuries suggests that factors such as time, temperature, location, climate, and environmental conditions contribute to variations in skull shapes and sizes. The findings indicate that skull morphology shows greater similarity across certain groups at younger ages, with differentiation increasing over time.
Examination of Thoracic Deformities in Patients with Different Clinical Types of Cerebral Palsy
(2025) Kızılay, Egemen; Durmaz, Sevda Canbay; Dağ, Selma Solgun; Özbağ, Davut
Aim: Cerebral Palsy is a clinical condition that causes permanent but non-progressive damage to the developing brain and can affect multiple systems. This study aimed to evaluate functional levels by assessing thoracic deformities across different clinical types of cerebral palsy (CP) and by gender, while also comparing anthropometric measurements between individuals with CP and a healthy control group. Materials and Methods: Between the ages of 6 and 12 years, a total of 154 patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy (91 males, 63 females) and 40 healthy individuals (20 males, 20 females) were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, clinical type of CP, secondary findings, thoracic deformity, anthropometric measurements, and functionality levels were obtained from the patients. A tape measure and caliper were used for anthropometric measurements. Results: The results indicated that the spastic type was the most prevalent clinical presentation of CP, with intellectual disability being the most common secondary problem. Among thoracic deformities, pectus excavatum was the most frequent anterior chest wall deformity, observed in 9.52% of females and 16.48% of males. Scoliosis was the most common spinal deformity, affecting 26.98% of females and 21.98% of males. Functionally, most patients were classified at GMFCS level II and Ambulation Group 1, although thoracic deformities were more prevalent in Group 2 patients. Furthermore, anthropometric measurements of patients with CP were significantly lower than those of healthy individuals, with statistically significant differences observed between Group 1, Group 2, and the healthy control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Cerebral palsy has a substantial impact on anthropometric measurements, musculoskeletal integrity, and the functional performance of the patients. Consequently, regular monitoring of the thoracic area is essential. The inclusion of thoracic evaluations in routine follow-up and treatment plans will likely have a positive impact on the disease's progression.
Investigation of Demographic Characteristics and General Appearance of Individuals with Angelman Syndrome
(2025) Canbay, Ali; Dağ, Selma Solgun; Direk, Figen Koç; Durmaz, Sevda Canbay; Güven, Ümran; Özmutlu, Pınar
Aim: Angelman syndrome (AS) is an autosomal dominant neurogenetic condition seen in 1 in 10000-22000 as a result of UBE3A gene dysfunction and microdeletion of the 15q11-13 region. The aim of this study is to determine the differences and similarities between individuals with AS by evaluating the demographic characteristics and general appearance of patients diagnosed with AS. Material and Method: Age, gender, weight, height, BMI, weight, height and head circumference at birth, age of parents, type of birth, mother's gestation period, relationship status of mother and father, presence of genetic disease, dead or miscarried siblings number, parental smoking status, first appearance of clinical signs of the disease, epilepsy, scoliosis, sleep, nutrition, and speech problems, laughing attacks, tongue size, gait status, hair and eye color of 79 cases with genetic diagnosed AS case were evaluated. Results: Of the individuals with AS who participated in the study, 40 (50.6%) were boys and 39 (49.4%) were girls. 43 of the patients (54.4%) were walking. The earliest walker among these patients started walking at the age of 3, and the latest walker started walking at the age of 13. 31 (40.5%) of our patients started walking between the ages of 3 and 4. When we asked the families when they noticed the first symptoms, all families realized that there were developmental problems before the child was 24 months old and consulted a physician. In fact, 70 of the families (88.6%) understood the problem before 12 months. When the time of onset of symptoms in boys and girls was compared, it was seen that the onset of symptoms was on average 2.82 months earlier in boys than in girls (p=0.004). The majority of cases with AS were thin, fair-skinned and blue-eyed individuals. Conclusion: The parameters evaluated in our study revealed general and current data about the characteristics of individuals with AS.