Browsing by Author "Soyluk, Asena"

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Artuklu Dönemi Mimarisinin Anadolu Cami Tipolojisindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
(2021) Kutlu, İzzettin; Soyluk, Asena
1071 Malazgirt zaferinin ardından Anadolu’ya yerleşen Türkler, bu topraklarda çeşitli beylikler kurmuşlardır. Bu beyliklerden biri olan Artuklu Beyliği’nin sanat ve mimariye etkisi, Anadolu’da hüküm sürdüğü güneydoğu bölgesinde, XII. ve XIII. yüzyıllarda gelişmeye başlamış ve XV. yüzyıla kadar devam etmiştir. Artuklular’ın, özellikle Güneydoğu Anadolu coğrafyasındaki varlığı, Anadolu topraklarına Suriye ve İran kültürel etkisini yansıtan bir köprü vazifesi görmesi ile Anadolu Selçuklu döneminde de etkili olmuştur. O dönemde kazandıkları siyasi ve ekonomik güçlerini dini, sosyal, eğitim, sağlık, ulaşım, ticaret ve savunma yapılarıyla da göstermişlerdir. Uzun yıllar hüküm süren Artuklu Beyliği döneminde, inşa edilen cami ve medrese yapı türleri erken Anadolu Türk Cami mimarisindeki gelişim açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Yapılan çalışma iki aşamadan oluşmaktadır. İlk aşamada veri toplama yöntemi kullanılarak Artuklu dönemi mimarisinin önemli eserlerinden olan Harput Ulu Cami, Mardin Ulu Cami, Silvan Ulu Cami mekan dizilimi, plan şeması, taşıyıcı sistem ve malzemesi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise iz sürme yöntemi ile Artuklu mimarisinin özelliklerinin, Anadolu topraklarında Selçuklulardan başlayarak Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve hatta Cumhuriyet dönemi camileri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak darüşşifa yapısının ortaya çıkması, açık avlulu plan tipi, mihrap önü kubbe gelişimi, enine gelişim gösteren dikdörtgen planlı harim mekânı ve çifte minarelerin ortaya çıkışı gibi mimari özelliklerin ilk defa veya vurgulanarak kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Yöreye özgü malzeme olan sarı kireç taşı ile kagir taşıyıcı sistemi en iyi biçimde kullanan Artuklu mimarisinin Osmanlı’nın cami tipolojisi gelişimine katkıda bulunduğu Edirne Üç Şerefeli Cami, İstanbul Sinan Paşa Cami gibi örneklerden anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca Cumhuriyet Dönemi sonrası yapılan çağdaş cami yapılarında da Artuklu Beyliği mimari mirasının izlerine rastlanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak geçmişle günümüz arasında önemli bir bağ kuran ve toplumsal bellekte önemli bir yer edinen Artuklu dönemi yapılarında ortaya çıkmış mimari kriterlerin araştırıldığı bu çalışmanın, literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlayacağı ve ileride yapılacak çalışmalara rehberlik edeceği düşünülmektedir.
Artuklu Dönemi Mimarisinin Anadolu Cami Tipolojisindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
(IKSAD Publishing, 2020) Kutlu, İzzettin; Soyluk, Asena
1071 Malazgirt zaferinin ardından Anadolu’ya yerleşen Türkler, bu topraklarda çeşitli beylikler kurmuşlardır. Bu beyliklerden biri olan Artuklu Beyliği’nin sanat ve mimarisi, Anadolu’da hüküm sürdüğü güneydoğu bölgesinde, XII. ve XIII. yüzyıllarda gelişmeye başlamış ve XV. yüzyıla kadar devam etmiştir. Devlet yönetimi ve kurumsal yapıları ile Büyük Selçuklu kentsel tasarım anlayışını devam ettiren Artuklular’ın, özellikle Güneydoğu coğrafyasındaki varlığı, Anadolu Selçuklu döneminde ve sonrasında her alanda etkili olmuştur. O dönemde kazandıkları siyasi ve ekonomik güçlerini dini, sosyal, eğitim, sağlık, ulaşım, ticaret ve savunma yapılarıyla da göstermişlerdir. Uzun yıllar hüküm süren Artuklu Beyliği döneminde, inşa edilen cami ve medrese yapı türleri erken Anadolu Türk Cami mimarisindeki gelişim açısından önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Yapılan çalışmada veri toplama ve iz sürme yöntemleri kullanılarak Artuklu dönemi mimarisinin önemli eserlerinden olan Harput Ulu Cami, Mardin Ulu Cami, Silvan Ulu Cami’nin mekan dizilimi, taşıyıcı sistem ve malzeme açısından benzerlikleri ve ayrışmaları çözümlenmiştir. Bu çözümlemeler ile Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’da uzun yıllar hüküm sürmüş bu uygarlığın Anadolu’da farklı topraklardaki cami mimarisinin gelişimindeki rolü ile ilişkilendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan analizler bu üç caminin kurgusal olarak Selçukludan başlayarak Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve hatta Cumhuriyet dönemi camilerini bile etkilediğini göstermiştir. Kültürel mirasın bir uygarlığın bilişsel birikiminin en önemli ögesi olduğu ve bu ögenin en önemli kaynaklarından biri olan mimari eserlerin toplumsal bellekteki yerinin gözler önüne serildiği bu çalışmanın literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
An Assessment of the Reflection of Traditional and Computer Assisted Architectural Designing Periods on Buildings Through Hyperbolic Paraboloid Forms
(DAKAM, 2021) Kutlu, İzzettin; İlerisoy, Zeynep Yeşim; Soyluk, Asena
This study examined the changes and developments in the designs and practices regarding the hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces, which have been more popular after the designs of Felix Candela during the architectural period of 20th century. Tracer method was utilized to compare the periods before and after the computerassisted designing instruments were added to the architectural education curriculum. A comparison table was formed for the difference between the periods, and the variable traits that may change in years such as materials, method of practice or span were specified and presented in a chronological order. Assessments indicated that hyperbolic paraboloids used for different purposes could be used as designing elements as well as for passing wide spans, and that they were utilized in different continents during the same periods. It was understood that this form span could be used to reach and pass greater spans through the support provided by using computer-assisted architectural designing instruments. During 1950s, issues related to heating, illumination and ventilation emerged on the hyperbolic surfaces constructed with concrete materials. With the computer-assisted architectural designing instruments, solutions were found on these issues following the trials on the model. As people started to use computers as designing instruments, differences emerged in practices. Instead of buildings that were constructed through on-site concreting procedure with molds during the period of traditional drawing instruments, the panelization systems were able to be produced with the help of computer models and mounted accordingly. Furthermore, with the development of steel industry after 1990, steel was used more often in the construction of hyperbolic paraboloids. This study revealed the contribution of computer-assisted designing instruments which enable designing, analyzing and building complicated geometries to the constructability of hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces, and it demonstrated the current status of these instruments within designing-related processes following the technological advancements. The impact of computer-assisted designing instruments on the relationship between the architectural designing and load-bearing system designing was explained through the examples regarding integrated designing processes. Examining the architectural changes and developments in the hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces, this study indicated that using advanced computer technologies caused radical changes and that the designers were granted new horizons and became more liberal upon the searches for architectural form with the algorithms becoming producible in the digital environment.
A comparative approach to using photogrammetry in the structural analysis of historical buildings
(2024) Kutlu, İzzettin; Soyluk, Asena
Finite element method (FEM) provides the numerically solving differential equations arising in engineering and mathematical modeling of physical systems. This process begins by determining the assignment of a theoretical node. A node is a single point on a frame, shell, or solid element and each element can be programmed with its location's material and structural data. Programming with the FEM is quite time-consuming for complex geometry such as historical buildings. This study aims to examine a low-cost and time-saving technology to build a FEM model using photogrammetry. In accordance with this aim, classical modeling techniques and photogrammetric modeling techniques were discussed. The results demonstrated that similar values were revealed in stress and deformation values. Consequently, the study emphasizes the potential of photogrammetry technology as an integrated approach for bringing together the disciplines of architecture and engineering that usually require two distinct expertise in analysing the structural behavior of historical buildings.
DEKONSTRÜKTİVİZM AKIMININ FRANK GEHRY ÖRNEKLEMİ ÜZERİNDEN MİMARLIK ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
(Atlas Journal, 2018) Soyluk, Asena; Kutlu, İzzettin
Bu çalışmada malzemeyi ve formları yenilikçi bir tarzda kullanan, 21.yüzyıl mimarisini etkileyen ünlü Amerikalı mimar Frank Gehry’nin ürettiği eserler strüktür, malzeme ve tasarım ilişkisi açısından ele alınmaktadır. Gehry’nin tasarladığı geniş açıklıklar ve farklı formlarla bir araya gelen eserlerinin, tasarım yapılan alanın çevresel ve fiziksel özellikleri, yapının işlevi, mekansal kurgusu, strüktürü ile uyumu dikkat çekmektedir. Dikkat çeken tasarımları ile beraber özellikle farklı bir form oluşturma ve teknolojik arayışının doruk noktası olarak görülen Guggenheim vakfına ait 5 müzeden biri olan eseri Guggenheim Bilbao Müzesi ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Strüktürü ve yapı malzemesini bir dahi olarak kullanan Gehry’nin eserlerinin mimarlık öğrencileri üzerinde bıraktığı etkiler, açık uçlu ve yorumlama sorularından meydana gelen anket çalışması ile araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ile öğrencilerin mimari tasarımı yorumlamada, ifade etmede ve kendi fikirlerini üretmekte yaşamış oldukları zorluklar görülmektedir. Ayrıca Gehry’nin eserlerinin taşıyıcı sisteminin kusursuz olması, malzeme ile taşıyıcı sistemi bütünleştirmesi gibi özelliklerinin hala “estetik” hissi uyandırmayabildiği; bazı insanlarda “karmaşıklık” hissettirdiği de görülebilmektedir.
INNOVATIONS OF ENGINEER-ARCHITECTS ON CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRIDGES
(IKSAD Publishing House, 2020) Kutlu, İzzettin; Soyluk, Asena; İlerisoy, Zeynep Yeşim
The professional role of the architect is defined as "building art and science" in its simplest form and is to design a physical environment as a suitable place for certain human behaviors. This physical environment should meet the basic needs of the user and create a space to ensure certain norms such as survival, safety, physical health, mental health. However, an architectural design is not independent, while providing a facility for a limited number of human activities and focusing on its specific goals and functions; it is part of a hierarchical environmental system. Therefore, an architectural design is an intervention and adaptation to a large natural or man-made environment. In this context, architecture is a special action that is simultaneously introverted and specific; it is also a general public action on the environment (Herbert, 1999; p108). The role of the civil engineer is defined as "the art of managing large power resources in nature for human use and comfort" and shaping the macro environment according to the needs of the human. This definition is practically refers to the design of large urban and regional projects such as bridges and aqueducts, roads and highways, canals and railways, ports and dams, infrastructure schemes for drainage and sewage. Generally, the scope that defines the field of activity of the engineer is significantly expanded to include the design and construction of large-scale buildings, such as train stations, factories, exhibition halls or sports stadiums, in which innovative structural design or complex mechanical installations dominate (Skempton, 1996). Architecture, which has turned into a heterogeneous profession, is associated with many disciplines and a wide range of specialized knowledge (İlerisoy ve Aycı, 2019). In this regard, the most advanced interaction takes place with engineering discipline in terms of both theory and practice. Despite the professional differences between architects and engineers; they use their professional knowledge, skills and experience for common interests of society, the protection of universal human achievements or cultural heritage, and for the development of human well-being. Their responsibility for the health, safety and well-being of society is always above their personal interests or the interests of the community of architects and engineers (Kumbasar, 2003; p17). In the early design period, architects adopted flexible solutions to their designs freely. However they were concerned that if a structural engineer joined the design process at this stage, their design discoveries could be suppressed. In contrast, architect Arthut Erickson said, "The structure is the strongest element of the form, and even if the structure of the building is not decided at the beginning of the design, then it may disrupt or change all the other determinants of the building." The success of collaborative designs of architects and engineers in the 20th and 21st centuries structures show that there is a positive attitude on this issue among the professions. However, there are also issues that create conflicts between these professions. Structural engineers criticize the lack of structural understanding of architects, being late to get advice for appropriate structural solutions, and architects' overall standards of cooperation. On the other hand, architects criticize engineers for their lack of innovation and poor participation in architectural design ideas (Charleson ve Pirie, 2009; p102). Despite these criticisms; architecture and engineering has been one of the unquestionable components of life since the beginning of the human need for shelter. The first examples started in the Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia regions, when people p2). During the transition to settled life of the nomadic people, the importance of transportation and transportation vehicles has become an increasing need with the development of wheels and sails. In this context, "bridges", which are one of the most important structures that facilitate transportation in rugged areas gained importance. Until about 1950, bridges were built by professionals without a clear distinction between engineers and architects. While there was no distinction between engineers and architects at that time; after 1950, engineer-architect distinction was made for the construction of bridges and all other building groups. In this study, it was evaluated how different perspectives of people who have both architect and engineer ethics are reflected on the design of bridges.
Sequential Approach of the Re-Using the Historical Military Barrack in the Old Mardin Heritage in Turkey
(Assoc Profissional Conservadores-restauradores Portugal, 2022) Kutlu, Izzettin; Ilerisoy, Zeynep Yesim; Soyluk, Asena
The architectural features of the military barrack building in the Old Town Square of Mardin were examined in order to evaluate the compatibility of the interventions and annexes with regard to contemporary conservation principles. The method of the study is based on determining the changing mass and function relationships in the historical structure by tracing technique for sequential time periods. Considering the transformation of the building from the barrack to the tax office, it was seen that the required changes damaged the original condition of the building. This situation was tried to be minimized in transformation from tax office to museum, and interventions were made according to the original condition of the building. As a result, it was concluded that instead of changing the mass scale or shape of the structure, the contemporary additions or interventions should be completely proportional to the structure, and contribute to the sense of historical pattern.