Arkeoloji Bölümü

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Aras Vadisi’ne Açılan Kapı : Elmagöl-Pamuk Geçidi Urartu Karakolu
(2021) ÖZFIRAT AYNUR
Doğubayazıt Ovası’ ndan Aras Vadisi ve Güney Kafkasya’ya açılan yol üzerindeki stratejik Pamuk Geçidi’nde tahkimli bir Urartu sitadelinin (Elmagöl-Pamuk Geçidi) kalıntıları bulunur. Ağrı Dağı’nın kuzeybatı eteklerindeki bir tepede kurulmuş bu sitadel ve doğu eteklerindeki aşağışehir entegre bir ulaşım zincirinin halkalarından biridir. Sitadelin, tasarım özelliği ve boyutları bakımından bir konaklama istasyonu ve güvenliği sağlayan bir karakol olarak hizmet vermek üzere planlandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Söz konusu Urartu tesisinin MÖ 8. yüzyılın başlarında Minuhinili’nin (Karakoyunlu) kuruluşundan hemen sonra önem kazanan yolları denetim altında bulundurmak amacıyla inşa olması mümkündür .
Tuşpa Sitadeli’nden Yeni Bir Kaya Mezarı: BG 90
(Colloquium Anatolicum 17, 211-220, 2018) KONYAR, Erkan; GENÇ, Bülent; TAN, Armağan
Important examples of Urartian royal tombs are located along the southern slopes of the rocky terrain of the Van Fortress. The rocky surfaces of these tombs are smoothed to form monumental façades. These multi-roomed rock-cut tombs thus attain a monumental appearance with their entrances and façades. However, a new rock-cut tomb that is different from the multi-roomed rock-cut tombs has been une- arthed at Van Fortress in 2016. This rock tomb consists of an antechamber in the form of a dromos and a main room behind it, and is also located on the southern slopes of the rocky terrain. Unlike the mul- ti-roomed rock-cut tombs, it was prepared by carving the rocky ground. It is planned as an underground tomb, the main room of which is accessed through a door, and thus appears to be a precedent of the multi-roomed tombs with monumental entrances and doors on the citadel. This tomb type, examples of which are known to have been constructed under the ground at sites such as Karagündüz and Altıntepe in the Lake Van basin, is notably more royally designed at Van Fortress. It provides new ideas about the development of royal tomb-cut tradition in particular.
The Urartian Fortress at Ömerağa-Gölyüzü on the southern slope of Mt. Ağrı (Bozkurt Settlement Complex), in the city of Minuahinili (Karakoyunlu)
(Colloquium Anatolicum, 2018) Özfırat, Aynur
Campaigns of Urartian started to the region of Mt Ağrı in the earlier stage of the kingdom in the reigns of Ishpuini (830-810 BC) and Minua (810-785/780 BC). The region became part of Urartian land when the Early Iron Age kingdom of Eriqua captured and the foundation of the new fortress-city at Minua- hinili by King Minua. Major fortresses and fortified cities of Late Bronze-Early Iron Age (pre-Urartu) and Middle Iron Age (Urartu) were mostly located in settlement complexes in the highland of eastern Anatolia. They can be considered as urban and administrative centers of small independent polities of pre-Urartian and Urartians. Settlement complexes at Mt Ağrı, Melekli and Karakoyunlu (Iğdır plain- south of the Araxes valley) on the northern slope were localized respectively as Luhiuni, the capital of Early Iron Age kingdom of Eriqua and Minuahinili, the fortress-city of Urartu. Bozkurt settlement complex (Doğubayazıt plain) on the southern slope must be within the borders of these cities. Urartian settlement at Bozkurt contains a central fortress (Ömerağa-Gölyüzü) and an outpost - road station (Bozkurt Fortress 2). The Urartian fortress at Ömerağa-Gölyüzü can be suggest that it was the primary administrative center on the southwestern slope of Mt Ağrı interconnected with Minuahinili.
Waldemar Belck ve Carl Friedrich Lehmann’ın Araştırmaları
(2019) Genç, Bülent
Towards the end of the 19th century, Waldemar Belck and Carl Friedrich Lehmann-Haupt were granted a permit by the Ottoman state and conducted surface surveys in the areas that roughly correspond to the territory of the Urartu Kingdom centered around the Lake Van basin. In this article, the surveys of Belck and Lehmann-Haupt and their results are evaluated through their own publications and the way these surveys were reflected in the Ottoman archival documents are discussed. In particular, reports sent to the center about their work and purpose, including the problems caused by their attempts to excavate although excavations were not within the scope of the permits they obtained, the excavations they reported to have conducted at Toprakkale and their results, and illicit excavations carried out at Nimrud are discussed in detail. Whether or not Belck and Lehmann-Haupt carried out excavations at Toprakkale along with surveys they conducted at various areas is discussed by comparing their publications and archival data.

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