تكريم الإنسان في ضوء السنة النبوية
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2025
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Bu çalışma öncelikle ikram/takrîm kavramını ele almakta, insanın diğer tüm varlıklar arasındaki konumunu açıklamakta ve terimin anlamlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmanın büyük bir kısmı ise insan onurunun Hz. Peygamber'in Sünneti'ndeki yansımalarına ayrılmıştır. Bu bağlamda öne çıkan başlıca yönler şunlardır: insan hayatının dokunulmazlığı ve kanının haram kılınması; insanlar arasında eşitlik ilkesinin tesis edilmesi; maddî ve manevî hakların korunması; kardeşçe ilişkilerde iyilik ve ihsan; toplumun tüm kesimlerine karşı adalet; bireyin toplum tarafından gözetilmesi zorunluluğu; insanın ilim ve bilgi edinme hakkının tanınması; kusurların örtülmesi ve hataların araştırılmaması; zayıflık, hastalık ve yaşlılık durumlarında destek olunması; ölümünden sonra bile insana saygı gösterilmesi. Çalışmada ayrıca, insan onurunun Sünnet'teki yeri ile pozitif hukukta ele alınış biçimi karşılaştırılmış ve sonuçta insanı yüceltme konusunda nebevî yöntemin beşerî yasalardan üstün olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada ulaşılan başlıca sonuçlar şunlardır Bu tezde ulaşılan en önemli sonuçlardan biri, insanın ilahî ikramının İslâm'da asli ve sabit olduğudur. Bu ikram hem maddî hem manevî boyutları kapsamaktadır ve şeriatın temel maksatlarından (makāsıd) biri sayılmaktadır. Hz. Peygamber'in Sünneti, insan onurunu hayatın bütün Aşamalarında doğumdan ölüme ve sonrasına kadar korumak için ilmî ve kapsamlı esaslar ortaya koymuştur. Buna karşılık, İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi insan onurunu güvence altına alma yönünde beşerî bir girişim olmakla birlikte, onu bağlayıcı sabit bir referanstan yoksundur. Dolayısıyla insanı yüceltme konusunda nebevî yöntem, rabbanî dayanağı, sürekliliği, kapsamlılığı ve haklar ile görevler arasındaki dengeli yaklaşımı sayesinde pozitif hukuk sistemlerinden daha üstündür.
This study begins by addressing the concept of honoring (takrīm), clarifying the status of the human being among all creatures, and defining the term along with its various meanings. The major portion of the research focuses on the manifestations of human dignity in the Prophetic Sunnah, discussed from multiple perspectives. Among the most significant aspects examined are: the sanctity of human life and the prohibition of bloodshed; the establishment of the principle of equality among people; the safeguarding of both material and moral rights; benevolence in interpersonal dealings; justice across all social classes; the obligation of society to provide care and support; the recognition of the human right to acquire knowledge and education; the concealment of faults and avoidance of fault-finding; standing by the individual in times of weakness, illness, or old age; and the honoring of human beings even after death. The study also includes a comparative analysis between the honoring of humankind in the Prophetic Sunnah and in secular laws, ultimately demonstrating the superiority of the Prophetic model over positive legislation in affirming and preserving human dignity.Key findings of the study include the following One of the most important conclusions of this dissertation is that divine honoring of humanity is inherent and firmly established in Islam, encompassing both material and spiritual dimensions, and is considered one of the higher objectives (maqāṣid) of the Sharīʿah. The Prophetic Sunnah laid down scientific and comprehensive foundations foundations for the preservation of human dignity throughout all stages of life, from birth to posthumous recognition. In contrast, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights represents a human attempt to safeguard dignity but lacks a fixed and binding reference. Thus, the Prophetic approach to honoring humanity is superior to secular legislation in terms of its divine foundation, permanence, comprehensiveness, and its balanced integration of rights and responsibilities.
This study begins by addressing the concept of honoring (takrīm), clarifying the status of the human being among all creatures, and defining the term along with its various meanings. The major portion of the research focuses on the manifestations of human dignity in the Prophetic Sunnah, discussed from multiple perspectives. Among the most significant aspects examined are: the sanctity of human life and the prohibition of bloodshed; the establishment of the principle of equality among people; the safeguarding of both material and moral rights; benevolence in interpersonal dealings; justice across all social classes; the obligation of society to provide care and support; the recognition of the human right to acquire knowledge and education; the concealment of faults and avoidance of fault-finding; standing by the individual in times of weakness, illness, or old age; and the honoring of human beings even after death. The study also includes a comparative analysis between the honoring of humankind in the Prophetic Sunnah and in secular laws, ultimately demonstrating the superiority of the Prophetic model over positive legislation in affirming and preserving human dignity.Key findings of the study include the following One of the most important conclusions of this dissertation is that divine honoring of humanity is inherent and firmly established in Islam, encompassing both material and spiritual dimensions, and is considered one of the higher objectives (maqāṣid) of the Sharīʿah. The Prophetic Sunnah laid down scientific and comprehensive foundations foundations for the preservation of human dignity throughout all stages of life, from birth to posthumous recognition. In contrast, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights represents a human attempt to safeguard dignity but lacks a fixed and binding reference. Thus, the Prophetic approach to honoring humanity is superior to secular legislation in terms of its divine foundation, permanence, comprehensiveness, and its balanced integration of rights and responsibilities.
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Din, Religion
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81