Geç Neolitik'ten Demir Çağı'na kadar Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde hayvan gübresi kullanımı: Etnoarkeolojik bir değerlendirme
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2023
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Tez çalışması, Geç Neolitik Dönem'den Demir Çağı'na kadar Güneydoğu Anadolu'da yaşamış arkeolojik topluluklarda hayvan gübresi kullanımına ilişkin etnoarkeolojik bir araştırmayı kapsamaktadır. Tamamen doğal kaynaklarla yaşayan bu arkeolojik topluluklarda, özellikle kerpiç inşaatlarda yapıştırıcı madde olarak, yemek pişirmek için yakıt ve şiddetli soğuk mevsimlerde ısınma kaynağı olarak hayvan gübresinin kullanımı doğal bir olasılıktır. Belirtilen bu ihtiyaçlara ek olarak, bölgedeki günümüz yerel topluluklar hayvan gübresini hastalıkların tedavisinde, ek gelir elde etme, tarım arazilerinde verimliliği sağlama, avcılık faaliyetlerinde tuzak kurma gibi çeşitli amaçlarla kullanmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle mevcut arkeolojik kaynaklar kullanılarak bölgedeki arkeolojik topluluklarda hayvan gübresinin kullanımına ilişkin ipuçları araştırılmıştır. Etnografik saha araştırması yöntemi kullanılarak, günümüzde Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde yaşayan geleneksel topluluklarda hayvan gübresi kullanımı esas alınarak, Geç Neolitik'ten Demir Çağı'na kadar yaşamış arkeolojik toplulukların gübre kullanım tercihlerine de ışık tutmuştur.
This study presents an ethnoarchaeological assessment about the use of animal dung in archaeological societies of Southeastern Anatolia from the Late Neolithic to the Iron Age. People in these respected periods lived a life entirely dependent on natural resources, and therefore, likely used animal dung for the construction of mud-brick houses, for cooking, and heating during harsh winters. Such common usages of animal dung can also be observed among the traditional societies in Southeastern Anatolia today. People in the region also use animal dung for a variety of other purposes, including as a first aid and useful element for treatment of various human ailments, partial source of income by selling the dried dung-cakes, as natural fertilizer for higher production in agricultural fields, and often as bait for hunting and trapping wild birds. With the help of published archaeological sources, this study first explores the clues about the use of animal dung in the archaeological settlements in Southeast Anatolia. With the help of ethnographic field study on animal dung use among the present traditional societies in the region, it further sheds some new light on the use of animal dung in archaeological societies in Southeast Anatolia from the Late Neolithic to the Iron Age.
This study presents an ethnoarchaeological assessment about the use of animal dung in archaeological societies of Southeastern Anatolia from the Late Neolithic to the Iron Age. People in these respected periods lived a life entirely dependent on natural resources, and therefore, likely used animal dung for the construction of mud-brick houses, for cooking, and heating during harsh winters. Such common usages of animal dung can also be observed among the traditional societies in Southeastern Anatolia today. People in the region also use animal dung for a variety of other purposes, including as a first aid and useful element for treatment of various human ailments, partial source of income by selling the dried dung-cakes, as natural fertilizer for higher production in agricultural fields, and often as bait for hunting and trapping wild birds. With the help of published archaeological sources, this study first explores the clues about the use of animal dung in the archaeological settlements in Southeast Anatolia. With the help of ethnographic field study on animal dung use among the present traditional societies in the region, it further sheds some new light on the use of animal dung in archaeological societies in Southeast Anatolia from the Late Neolithic to the Iron Age.
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Antropoloji, Anthropology, Arkeoloji, Archeology
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1
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176