İbn Sînâ Felsefesi'nde Vehim Kavramının Mahiyeti, Ürettiği Manalar ve Bu Manaların Modern Psikoloji Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
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2024
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Bu araştırma İbn Sînâ'nın vehim kavramının ürettiği manaları ve bu manaların psikolojik boyutunun modern psikolojiyle benzerlik gösterdiği noktaları ele almaktadır. İbn Sînâ'nın iç duyular teorisine kazandırdığı vehim kavramı, İbn Sînâ felsefesinin psikoloji, epistemoloji, ahlak, hareket, mantık ve mutluluk konularında önemli rolleri olan bir yetidir. Araştırmamızda bir idrak yetisi olan vehim gücünün diğer nefis güçleriyle ilişkisinin ele alınabilmesi için öncelikle İbn Sînâ'nın nefis teorisi ve nefsin güçleri kısaca açıklanmaktadır. Akabinde idrak güçleriyle vehim gücünün birbirleriyle ilişkisi, vehim gücünün sınırları belirgin tutulmaya çalışılarak işlenmektedir. Vehim gücü ve nefis güçlerinin ilişkisinden meydana gelen vehmin ürettiği mana ve hükümler, araştırmanın amacı çerçevesinde vehmin konu olduğu temel meseleler bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı ise vehim gücünün ürettiği manaların tespit edilmesi, ürettiği hükümlerin insan için öneminin ortaya çıkarılması ve vehmin insanda akıl ile birlikte ikinci bir yargı gücü olarak ürettiği manaların psikolojik boyutunun ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu amaç kapsamında vehmin ahlakî boyutunun ahlak alanını zorunluluğa mahkûm edip etmediği tartışmasına yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca vehim gücünün hazzının, vehmin tasarrufta bulunduğu mantık önermelerinin değerinin ve canlının hareketlerinde vehim gücünün rolünün tespitine çalışılmaktadır. Son bölümde ise vehim gücünün modern psikoloji ile kavram, durum ve psikolojik rahatsızlıklar bağlamında benzerliklerinin tespit edilmesine odaklanılmıştır. Klasik İslam felsefesinde genellikle ahlak bahsinde ele alınan ruh sağlığı, nefis gücünün sağlığı ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise nefis gücünde vehim yetisinin ruh sağlığına etkisinin tespit edilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu anlamda İbn Sînâ'nın nefis teorisine kattığı vehim gücünün psikolojik yönünün tespiti araştırmanın özgünlüğünü sağlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İbn Sînâ, Nefis, İdrak, Vehim, Psikoloji
This study deals with the meanings produced by Avicenna's concept of estimation and the points where the psychological dimension of these meanings resembles modern psychology. The concept of estimation, which Ibn Sīnā introduced to the theory of the internal senses, is a faculty that plays important roles in psychology, epistemology, ethics, morality, movement, logic, and happiness in Avicenna's philosophy. In order to discuss the relationship between the faculty of estimation, which is a faculty of perception, and the other faculties of the soul, Avicenna's theory of the soul and the faculties of the soul are briefly explained. Subsequently, the close relationship between the faculties of perception and the faculty of estimation is analysed by trying to keep the limits of the faculty of estimation clear. The meanings and judgments produced by estimation, which arises from the relationship between the faculty of estimation and the faculties of the soul, are discussed in the context of the basic issues that estimation is subject to within the framework of the purpose of the research. The aim of the research is to determine the meanings produced by the power of estimation, to reveal the importance of the judgments it produces for human beings, and to reveal the psychological dimension of the meanings produced by estimation as a second judgment power along with the intellect. Within the scope of this aim, the discussion of whether the moral dimension of estimation condemns the field of morality to necessity is included. In addition, it is attempted to determine the pleasure of the power of estimation, the value of logical propositions in which estimation is at the disposal, and the role of the power of estimation in the movements of living beings. In the last section, the role of the faculty of estimation in modern psychology in relation to concepts, states, and psychological disorders is analysed. In classical Islamic philosophy, the health of the soul, which is generally dealt with in ethics, is associated with the health of the power of the soul. This study, on the other hand, aims to determine the effect of the faculty of estimation on mental health. In this sense, determining the psychological aspect of the power of estimation that Avicenna added to the theory of the soul provides the originality of this study. Keywords: İbn Sînâ, Soul, Cognition, Wahm, Psychology
This study deals with the meanings produced by Avicenna's concept of estimation and the points where the psychological dimension of these meanings resembles modern psychology. The concept of estimation, which Ibn Sīnā introduced to the theory of the internal senses, is a faculty that plays important roles in psychology, epistemology, ethics, morality, movement, logic, and happiness in Avicenna's philosophy. In order to discuss the relationship between the faculty of estimation, which is a faculty of perception, and the other faculties of the soul, Avicenna's theory of the soul and the faculties of the soul are briefly explained. Subsequently, the close relationship between the faculties of perception and the faculty of estimation is analysed by trying to keep the limits of the faculty of estimation clear. The meanings and judgments produced by estimation, which arises from the relationship between the faculty of estimation and the faculties of the soul, are discussed in the context of the basic issues that estimation is subject to within the framework of the purpose of the research. The aim of the research is to determine the meanings produced by the power of estimation, to reveal the importance of the judgments it produces for human beings, and to reveal the psychological dimension of the meanings produced by estimation as a second judgment power along with the intellect. Within the scope of this aim, the discussion of whether the moral dimension of estimation condemns the field of morality to necessity is included. In addition, it is attempted to determine the pleasure of the power of estimation, the value of logical propositions in which estimation is at the disposal, and the role of the power of estimation in the movements of living beings. In the last section, the role of the faculty of estimation in modern psychology in relation to concepts, states, and psychological disorders is analysed. In classical Islamic philosophy, the health of the soul, which is generally dealt with in ethics, is associated with the health of the power of the soul. This study, on the other hand, aims to determine the effect of the faculty of estimation on mental health. In this sense, determining the psychological aspect of the power of estimation that Avicenna added to the theory of the soul provides the originality of this study. Keywords: İbn Sînâ, Soul, Cognition, Wahm, Psychology
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Din, Felsefe, İslam Felsefesi, Religion, Philosophy, Islamic Philosophy
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94