The Detailed Chemical and Biological Analysis Of Ziziphora Clinopodioides Lam. Species Growing in Cultural and Natural Environments

Abstract

The Lamiaceae family is an important resource for the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and perfumery sectors. The species Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has been used in folk medicine since ancient times. The aim of the present study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant, cytotoxic and enzyme (AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, urease, elastase, collagenase and ACE) inhibition activities of ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of natural and cultivated samples of the species Z. clinopodioides. In addition, the aroma contents of the species were determined by GC-MS/FID, and the phytochemical composition of the ethanol extracts was determined by LC-MS/MS. According to the aroma analysis results, the major components of the culture sample of the Z. clinopodioides species were determined as pulegone (39.83%), cis- menthone (21.36%), trans-menthone (16.64%), while the major components of the natural sample were determined as pulegone (62.42%), neoisomenthol (5.93%) and cis-pulegone oxide (5.47%). According to LC-MS/MS results, quinic acid (25.841, 15.694 mg analyte g-1 extract, respectively), rosmarinic acid (6.804, 25.523), and acacetin (6.115, 10.764) were detected as major compounds in cultured and natural samples of the species. Also, hesperidin (5.725) was higher in culture sample. According to the enzyme activity results, it was determined that cultured and natural samples of the species showed moderate butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activity (inhibition %: 45.14 +/- 1.40; 43.57 +/- 0.73, respectively). In urease enzyme inhibition activity, it was determined that culture sample showed moderate activity (inhibition %: 43.64 +/- 0.39) but natural sample did not show activity, and culture sample showed high antihypertensive activity (inhibition %: 81.6 +/- 1.19). When the results were evaluated in general, it was determined that the cultured sample of the species showed higher antioxidant, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, and antihypertensive activity compared to natural sample.