WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/3595

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The Effect of Artificial Intelligence Literacy on the Future Anxiety of Physical Education and Sports Teacher Candidates
(Escola Superior Dom Helder Camara, 2025) Ates, Nurdan; Sercek, Gulseren Ozaltar
In this study, the effect of artificial intelligence literacy levels of physical education and sports teacher candidates on their future anxiety was evaluated by examining them in the context of different variables. The survey method was preferred in collecting data. The survey used in the study consists of three parts: The first part includes questions prepared by the researcher and includes demographic information about the gender, age and grade level of the participants. The second part uses the 'Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale' developed to measure the artificial intelligence literacy of teacher candidates. In the third part, the 'Future Anxiety Scale' prepared by Geylani and & Ccedil;iri & scedil;-Y & imath;ld & imath;z (2020) to measure the future anxiety levels of university students was applied. G-Power analysis was performed to determine the sample size to participate in the study and the minimum number of participants was determined. No statistically significant difference was found in the analyzes made according to the gender, age and grade level variables of physical education and sports teacher candidates within the scope of the study. When the relationship between artificial intelligence literacy and future anxiety was analyzed, a positive but very weak correlation was observed. In addition, it was concluded that artificial intelligence literacy has a positive and significant effect on the future anxiety of physical education and sports teacher candidates.
Examination of Artificial Intelligence Anxiety and Self-Efficacy Levels of Volleyball Coaches
(Escola Superior Dom Helder Camara, 2025) Ates, Hamdullah; Sercek, Gulseren Ozaltas
The aim of this study is to analyze the AI anxiety levels and self-efficacy levels of third-level volleyball coaches by evaluating them in terms of various demographic variables. Third-level volleyball coaches were included in the study. In addition to the personal information form, the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale developed by Wang and Wang and the Coach Efficacy Scale-II revised by Myers, Feltz, Chase, Reckase and Hancock were used in the data collection tool. G-Power analysis was performed to determine the sample size and the minimum number of participants was determined. No statistically significant difference was found in the analyses made according to the variables of gender, age, marital status, education level and AI tool usage of the coaches. However, a significant difference was found in the evaluation made in terms of the variable of years of coaching. According to the results of the Tukey test, which is a post-hoc analysis, it was determined that the AI anxiety levels of third-level volleyball coaches with less coaching experience were lower. In addition, no statistically significant relationship was found between the artificial intelligence anxiety levels and self-efficacy levels of third-level volleyball coaches at the 0.05 level.
Airbnb in Mardin: Motivational Drivers and Tourist Experiences
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2025) Aksoy, Suleyman Haluk; Cakar, Kadir; Mohamadi, Fatemeh
This study examined the motivations for choosing Airbnb accommodations and the experiences of tourists visiting Mardin, T & uuml;rkiye. Employing a qualitative research methodology, interviews were conducted with 25 domestic and international tourists in Mardin. Thematic analysis revealed diverse and multilayered motivations influencing tourists' preference for Airbnb over traditional hotels, providing in-depth insights into the experiences of both domestic and international guests. The findings revealed a general consensus among participants regarding the unique advantages of Airbnb accommodations compared to traditional hotels. Seven key themes emerged from the data, including (motivation, reliability, advantages, disadvantages, experience, intention to revisit, and recommendation to others), each with several sub-themes. Notable motivational factors included (social interaction opportunities, comfortable environment, cleanliness, affordability, prime locations, authenticity, accessibility, and pet-friendliness). Experience-related themes highlighted the distinctive and immersive nature of Airbnb stays, particularly in a culturally layered destination such as Mardin, where Turkish, Kurdish, Arab, Assyrian/Syriac, and Armenian influences converge. The sense of belonging and connection to local life - central to visitors' perceptions of authenticity - emerged as a major reason for choosing Airbnb over traditional accommodations. The study further revealed that positive experiences play a pivotal role in encouraging repeat visits.
Acoustic-Based Fault Diagnosis of Electric Motors Using Mel Spectrograms and Convolutional Neural Networks
(Nature Portfolio, 2025) Uzel, Hasan; Ozupak, Yildirim; Alpsalaz, Feyyaz; Aslan, Emrah; Zaitsev, Ievgen
This study presents a comprehensive deep learning framework for diagnosing acoustic faults in electric motors. The framework uses Mel spectrograms and a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN). The method classifies three motor states, engine_good, engine_broken, and engine_heavyload, based on audio recordings from the IDMT-ISA-ELECTRIC-ENGINE dataset. To prevent data leakage and ensure a robust evaluation, the study employed file-level splitting, session separation, 5-fold cross-validation, and repeated trials. The raw audio signals were transformed into Mel spectrograms and processed through a CNN architecture that integrates convolutional, pooling, normalization, and dropout layers. Quantitative metrics, including THD, spectral entropy, and SNR, further characterize the acoustic distinctions between motor states. The proposed model achieved a test accuracy of 99.7%, outperforming or matching state-of-the-art approaches, such as ResNet-18, CRNN, and Transformer classifiers, as well as traditional MFCC-based baselines. Noise robustness and sensitivity analyses demonstrated stable performance under varying SNR conditions and preprocessing settings. Feature-importance maps revealed that low-frequency regions (0-40 Mel bins) were key discriminative components linked to physical fault mechanisms. Computational evaluation confirmed the model's real-time feasibility on embedded hardware with low latency and a modest parameter count. Though primarily validated on one motor type, external-domain testing revealed strong adaptability. Future work may incorporate transfer learning or multimodal fusion. Overall, the proposed framework provides a highly accurate, interpretable, and efficient solution for real-time motor fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance in industrial environments.
The History of the Syrian City of Manbij From the Islamic Conquest To the Ottoman Conquest
(Escola Superior Dom Helder Camara, 2026) Seyhoglu, Abdullah; Serifoglu, Metin
This study provides a comprehensive examination of the history of the city of Manbij, located in the northeastern part of Aleppo Governorate on the banks of the Euphrates River, which has served across the ages as a prominent cultural, religious, and economic center. The research traces the city's origins to the Hittite period in the second millennium BCE, highlighting the multiplicity of its names and their transformations under successive ruling powers, as well as its distinctive geographical position that rendered it a strategic hub for trade, agriculture, and military defense. The study further emphasizes Manbij's religious significance as a sacred city in antiquity, and its military role following the Islamic conquest, when it became one of the most important frontier fortresses of the Islamic state. It also explores the city's status under the rule of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, the Umayyads, and the Abbasids, with particular attention to the architectural and administrative flourishing of the early Abbasid era and the political instability of the later Abbasid period. Moreover, the research examines the incorporation of Manbij into the Ottoman Empire, which resulted in administrative reorganization and remarkable social diversity that fostered a model of coexistence among various ethnic groups. The study concludes that Manbij has historically represented a unique paradigm of cultural, religious, and economic interaction, despite the challenges and conflicts it has faced.
Associations of Dietary Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Obesity, and Psychological Stress With Fatigue in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
(MDPI, 2026) Selen, Halime; Atabek, Beste; Gegez, Berfin; Sag, Aysenur; Gulbahar, Burcu Nur; Dogdu, Ibrahim Ethem; Akgun, Metin
Background/Aim: Fatigue is a common symptom in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between dietary omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acid intake, obesity, and stress with fatigue in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 February and 31 July 2025, in the pulmonary outpatient clinics of A & gbreve;r & imath; Training and Research Hospital in A & gbreve;r & imath; and Atat & uuml;rk University Research Hospital in Erzurum, T & uuml;rkiye. Study data were collected using a General Information Questionnaire, the COPD and Asthma Fatigue Scale (CAFS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and an Adult Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Higher CAFS scores indicate greater fatigue severity, while higher PSS scores reflect higher perceived stress. Results: CAFS scores correlated strongly with perceived stress (r = 0.718, p < 0.001) and moderately with COPD exacerbation frequency (r = 0.426, p < 0.001). Although higher n-3 intake was inversely associated with fatigue in univariate analyses, this association weakened after adjustment, suggesting that fatty acid composition was not an independent determinant of fatigue. The n-6/n-3 ratio showed a weak positive correlation with fatigue (r = 0.184, p = 0.024). Female reported higher fatigue levels than male (mean [SD], 60.2 [19.3] vs. 51.9 [19.8]; p = 0.042), and patients with comorbid conditions had higher fatigue scores than those without comorbidities (58.1 [18.3] vs. 46.8 [19.4]; p = 0.001). Smoking status was not significantly associated with fatigue (p = 0.788). In backward multiple linear regression analysis, perceived stress emerged as the strongest independent predictor of fatigue (beta = 0.519, p < 0.001). Comorbidity presence (beta = 0.206, p = 0.030) and smoking status (beta = 0.178, p = 0.026) were also significant, while exacerbation frequency (p = 0.062) and female (p = 0.053) showed borderline associations. Conclusions: These findings indicate that fatigue in COPD is primarily influenced by psychosocial stress and multimorbidity, highlighting the importance of integrative management approaches that address mental health burden and comorbid conditions alongside respiratory treatment.
Digital Game Addiction and Sports Activity as Predictors of Loneliness in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2026) Aslan, Yavuz; Celik, Recep; Kocak, Orhan; Ceylan, Harun; Kesen, Hesna
This study aimed to examine the relationships between digital game addiction and sports activity with adolescents' loneliness, focussing on the mediating role of psychological resilience. The study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of 1,123 students from Istanbul, T & uuml;rkiye. Data were collected using the Digital Game Addiction Scale, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-12), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), and a single-item measure of sports activity. Structural equation modelling indicated that digital game addiction was negatively associated with psychological resilience, whereas sports activity was positively associated with resilience. Psychological resilience was also negatively associated with loneliness. The direct effects of digital game addiction and sports activity on loneliness were not significant; however, their total effects became significant through the full mediating role of resilience. The findings suggest that reducing digital game addiction and promoting sports activities may decrease loneliness among adolescents by enhancing psychological resilience.
The Dual Role of AI in Enhancing and Challenging Skills, Creativity and Innovation of Michelin-Star Chefs
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2026) Seyitoglu, Faruk; Yigit, Serkan; Demir, Ozkan
PurposeThis study examined the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven technological tools in Michelin-starred restaurant kitchens on the general skills, creativity and innovativeness of chefs.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 chefs working in Michelin-starred restaurants.FindingsThe findings identify three main areas of impact of AI-driven tools: culinary skills, creativity and innovation. The findings reveal a complex relationship between AI-driven tools and culinary expertise in Michelin-starred kitchens. First, while AI-driven tools have the potential to diminish skills, they also facilitate skill development and knowledge acquisition. Chefs acknowledge AI's potential to expand creativity through new techniques, but also consider AI-driven tools a potential limiter or threat to creativity. They emphasise the need to balance the use of AI-driven tools with traditional skills. Moreover, the dual role of AI as both an enabler and a limiter underscores the need for strategic integration that inspires without compromising the authenticity of haute cuisine.Originality/valueThe study contributes to understanding how and why AI-driven tools benefit or challenge human skills, creativity and innovation, which can guide Michelin-star restaurants and their chefs in adopting AI technology.
Mardin Lockdown Experience: Strategies for a More Tolerant Urban Development
(Bristol University Press, 2021) Atas, Zeynep; Atmaca, Yuvacan
Bloodless Executions in the Seljukid State Tradition: The Procedures and Principles of Choking With Bowstring and Drawing Iron Rod To Eyes
(Selcuk Univ, Fac Letters, 2025) Selcukoglu, Ahmet
In medieval sources, two popular liquidation methods are mentioned that were frequently applied by Turkish nations, especially in the context of sovereignty conflicts: Strangling with a bowstring and pulling a hot iron rod to the eyes. In the steppe law, the red lines regarding not shedding the blood of the dynasty members brought to the forefront alternative methods for dealing with the defeated opponent, and strangulation was used as a functional execution method because it achieved the goal without shedding blood. Although the strangling process is carried out with different tools and techniques, bows, one of the most important instruments of Turkish daily life, are the most frequently used tools for this purpose. Among the Turkish states, the Seljuks were one of the states that most frequently used the punishment of strangulation with a bowstring and carried this ancient steppe custom to distant areas of domination. However, after the Seljuks' interaction with Iran, Anatolia and the Islamic world, a different method of elimination began to become more popular and was frequently used in struggles for dominance. In this execution method, which is described in the sources as drawing an iron rod into the eyes, the aim was to heat a long stick called "mil" in the fire and hold it to the eyes from a certain distance, thus causing the victim to lose his ability to see. This article aims to examine the practices of strangulation with a bowstring and drawing a hot iron rod to the eyes, which are frequently mentioned as a type of bloodless execution in the sources, within the context of logic, method and technique within the framework of the Turkish steppe law and sovereignty concept using examples from the Seljuk period.
A Study on the Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Rumex Acetosella L. and Assessment of Their Bioactivity
(Elsevier, 2026) Baran, Ayse; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Yildiz, Resit; Eftekhari, Aziz; Ozkan, Ahmet Ismail; Kesharwani, Prashant
Selenium nanoparticles are highly valuable materials. A multitude of methods is available for obtaining these items. Green synthesis methods are attracting significant attention, and due to the therapeutic characteristics of selenium, these advantageous compounds will become more prominent. This study entailed the rapid, uncomplicated, and cost-effective production of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) employing the herb "evelik" from Eastern Anatolia. The properties of the synthesized Se NPs were examined using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Se nanoparticles, mostly spherical in shape, demonstrated a peak absorbance wavelength of 230 nm and a crystalline dimension of 62.7 nm. Their antibacterial effectiveness against pathogenic strains was evaluated using microdilution methods. The application demonstrated efficacy against Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 within a dose range of 2.00-8.00 mu g mL- 1. Se NPs were analyzed on Prostate Carcinoma cells and Retinal Pigment Epithelial cells via the Methylthiazol Tetrazolium assay. The anticancer impact was shown to be substantial at a concentration of 62.5 mu g mL- 1, exhibiting a rate of 79.78%.
Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism and Stability of Quinic Acid as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel
(Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2026) Doslu, Serap Toprak; Ercan, Leyla
Although corrosion prevention methods have been studied for many years, they still maintain their relevance and popularity. Today's metal protection methods are desired to be cheap, easy to use, permanent, and effective, as well as environmentally friendly. Organic-based inhibitors are preferred due to their effectiveness and environmental benefits. Among these, organic acids, such as quinic acid, are particularly valued for their corrosion inhibition properties. Quinic acid, an organic acid found in various plants, serves as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M HCl solutions. This study evaluates its corrosion inhibition efficiency and stability under different storage conditions. Electrochemical techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curve analysis, are employed to assess the inhibition performance. Surface characterization is conducted using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Additionally, density functional theory analysis is performed to elucidate the molecular interactions of quinic acid. Experimental results demonstrate that quinic acid, at a concentration of 80 ppm in 0.5 M HCl, achieves a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 92% and maintains stability for up to 144 h. Environmentally friendly quinic acid has a high potential for use as inhibitors of mild steel corrosion.
Short-Term Inspiratory Muscle Training Enhances Functional and Metabolic Health in Older Adults
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026) Konca, E.; Yılmaz, C.; Bayrakdaroğlu, S.; Ceylan, H.İ.; Arslan, A.; Ocak, H.; Raul Ioan, R.I.
Background: Age-related declines in respiratory muscle strength and ventilatory efficiency can impair functional capacity and metabolic health in older adults. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been proposed as a practical intervention to counteract these changes, yet its systemic effects remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of short-term IMT on functional capacity, diaphragm thickness, and liver tissue characteristics in healthy elderly men. Methods: Thirty community-dwelling men aged 60–80 years were randomly assigned to an IMT or control group. The IMT group performed four weeks of breathing exercises using a POWERbreathe® device at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure, with a weekly 10% increase in pressure. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included the six-minute walk test (6MWT), diaphragm thickness and liver density via computed tomography, and quality of life (QoL; SF-12). Results: Four weeks of inspiratory muscle training significantly improved diaphragm thickness (11.7%), fatty liver density (FLD) (+16.7%), and six-minute walk performance (+5.3%), with large time × group effects favoring the IMT group. While the physical quality of life showed modest, comparable improvements, mental health outcomes demonstrated a moderate, time-dependent improvement without a significant group-by-time interaction. Conclusions: Short-term IMT improved diaphragmatic function and functional capacity in older men and was associated with favorable changes in a liver-related biomarker; however, given that only a single liver-related metric was assessed, these findings should not be interpreted as evidence of overall improvements in liver health. © 2026 by the authors.
The Age of Human Comparison With AI: Development of AI Competence Anxiety Scale and AI Optimism Scale and Their Relationship with Generative AI Literacy and AI Self-Efficacy
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2026) Kaya, Bilal; Gume, Sena; Ergun, Naif
The sudden penetration of artificial intelligence (AI) into daily life prompts individuals to compare their own competence with that of AI technologies. Moreover, the expectation that AI will bring many benefits keeps optimism about AI alive. Accordingly, we aimed to develop the AI Competence Anxiety Scale (AICAS) (in Studies I and II) and the AI Optimism Scale (AIOS) (in Studies III and IV) and to examine the serial mediating role of AI self-efficacy and AI optimism between generative AI (GenAI) literacy and AI competence anxiety (in Study V). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a single-factor structure for the AICAS and AIOS, and Item Response Theory found high discrimination of the items (Study I for AICAS and Study III for AIOS). Model fit values, convergent validity, composite reliability, and reliability coefficients of AICAS and AIOS were within the acceptance range (Study II for AICAS and Study IV for AIOS). As evidence of criterion-related validity, AI competence anxiety showed significant associations with AI anxiety and acceptance, whereas AI optimism was significantly related to digital well-being and AI self-efficacy. Study V found that AI self-efficacy and AI optimism mediated the relationship between GenAI literacy and AI competence anxiety. These results suggest that AICAS, for measuring AI competence anxiety, and AIOS for measuring AI optimism, are valuable and valid. They also suggest that GenAI literacy-based strategies have the potential to alleviate AI competence anxiety by enhancing AI self-efficacy and AI optimism.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From Elaeagnus Angustifolia Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties
(Springer, 2026) Baran, Ayse; Ghorbanzadeh, Vajihe; Dogan, Yusuf; Ahmadian, Elham; Zulfugarova, Parvin; Mohamed, Ali Jimale
BackgroundCurrent medical problems are complex and require a new approach. Nanomaterials can address these complications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), in particular green-synthetized particles, because of their unique properties have attract the attention of scientist. The objective of this work deals with using Elaeagnus angustifolia (EA) leaf extract as a reducing agent for biofabrication of AgNPs and investigation of its antibacterial and anti-cancer properties.MethodUV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used for characterization of the biosynthesized AgNPs. Antimicrobial efficacy was measured through disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods, while cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cancer cells were evaluated using the MTT assay.ResultThe biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited a strong surface plasmon resonance peak at approximately 441 nm, confirming successful synthesis. XRD analysis indicated a face-centered cubic structure, with crystallite sizes 27.04 nm. Antibacterial tests revealed significant activity against E. coli and K. pneumoniae, with AgNPs demonstrating comparable efficacy to standard antibiotics. In particular, AgNPs demonstrated successful activity on E. coli with an MIC value of 113.24 +/- 14.36 and an inhibition zone of 24.32 +/- 1.25 mm, comparable to standard antibiotics Furthermore, the AgNPs displayed notable cytotoxic effects on PC-3 cells, with an IC50 value of 58.77 mu g/mL.ConclusionThe results explore the potential of leaf extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia as an effective agent for the green synthesis of AgNPs that have significant antibacterial properties. This study supports the application of green synthesis in medical therapies.
Comparison of Effectiveness Between Vedolizumab and Ustekinumab in Crohn's Disease: A Real-World Multicenter Study From Gun-Turk IBD Group-Turkiye
(Oxford Univ Press, 2026) Sezgin, O.; Barutcu, S.; Araz, F.; Bengi, G.; Unal, N. G.; Akpinar, H.; Yucel, S. P.
The Positive Effects of Wet Cupping Therapy on Thiol Disulfide Balance
(Pakistan Medical Association, 2025) Savaş, H.B.; Sarikan, I.
Objective: To explore the oxidant and antioxidant effects of wet cupping therapy on thiol disulfide balance. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Alanya Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, from March 15 to September 15, 2021, and comprised volunteers who received two sessions of wet cupping therapy with an interval of four weeks. Blood samples were taken before the session and then again after the session. Total thiol, native thiol and disulfide were measured in the blood samples using the colorimetric method. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26. Results: Of the 50 subjects with mean age 47.10±15.16 years, 25(50%) were males and 25(50%) were females. There was a statistically significant difference between baseline and post-intervention levels of total thiol, disulfide, reduced thiol ratio, oxidized thiol and thiol oxidation reduction (p<0.001). Conclusion: Wet cupping therapy could remove oxidants, reduce oxidative stress and produce antioxidant effects. © (c) 2025 Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
Comparative Resistance of Barley and Wheat Germplasm to Common Root Rot Caused by Bipolaris Sorokiniana
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2026) Alkan, Mehtap; Korkulu, Serife Gul; Turkkan, Muharrem; Dervis, Sibel; Yuksel, Soner; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Ozer, Goksel
This study evaluated the resistance of 54 wheat and 14 barley cultivars in Bolu, and 6 wheat cultivars and 89 barley lines in Eski & scedil;ehir, to common root rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana under controlled conditions. Location-specific B. sorokiniana isolates (wheat-derived in Bolu, barley-derived in Eski & scedil;ehir) were employed for evaluation. In Bolu, wheat cultivars demonstrated tolerance with variable disease severity, while barley cultivars showed moderate susceptibility with significantly greater disease severity than wheat. Conversely, wheat cultivars in Eski & scedil;ehir exhibited complete resistance with no symptoms, whereas barley lines displayed responses ranging from complete resistance to high susceptibility. Eight wheat cultivars and two barley lines achieved complete resistance across both locations. Neither growth habit (spring vs. winter) in wheat nor row-type (two-row vs. six-row) in barley significantly influenced disease severity. The consistent difference in disease severity between barley and wheat, with barley exhibiting greater susceptibility, highlights the importance of targeted breeding efforts for each crop. Field evaluations are crucial to validate the findings under natural conditions and refine disease management strategies.
Effects of Pesticide and Wood Vinegar Applications on Surface-Dwelling Arthropods in the Wheat
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2026) Koc, Ibrahim; Yardim, Erdal Necip
This study was conducted to determine the effects of certain pesticides (herbicides, fungicides) used in the wheat agro-ecosystem and wood vinegar (WV) produced from Broiler chicken bedding on soil-dwelling arthropods. The research was carried out under the ecological conditions of Mu & scedil; province during the 2014-2016 production seasons. Pesticide and WV applications were carried out using a backpack sprayer as follows: First, the application of pesticides (fungicides and herbicides); Secondly, corresponding to each pesticide application, WV applications were made at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (v/v). Finally, a control application was conducted using only tap water in response to the pesticide and WV applications. Arthropod sampling was conducted using pitfall traps. The arthropods captured in the traps were considered in terms of their family (Carabidae, Gryllidae, Araneidae, and Formicidae), Order (Opiliones), and the number of individuals of other arthropods. Simple Correspondence Analysis Technique was used for data analysis. As a result, it was observed that the applications affected the number of arthropods considered. Additionally, it was determined that there was an increase in the number of arthropods captured in traps in the 2016 season compared to 2015. In comparison to the control application, the average number of arthropods captured in the traps for the Carabidae family was highest in the 1% WV application (42.49 individuals) and lowest in the pesticide application (18.44 individuals); for the Araneidae family, it was highest in the 5% WV application (23.97 individuals) and lowest in the pesticide application (14.66 individuals); for the Formicidae family, it was highest in the 1% WV application (38.41 individuals) and lowest in the 0.5% WV application (17.69 individuals); for the Opiliones order, it was highest in the 4% WV application (24.55 individuals) and lowest in the pesticide application (10.69 individuals); and for other arthropods, it was highest in the pesticide application (35.66 individuals) and lowest in the 1% WV application (23.05 individuals). According to statistical analyses, significant relationships were identified between the applications and the number of arthropods captured in the pitfall traps.
Exercise, Addiction and Motivation: the Development of a Motivation Scale in Extreme Sports as a Sport of Challenge with Nature
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2025) Karakulak, Izzet; Yavas, Ozge; Bora, Mehmet Veysi; Eyuboglu, Ender; Aslan, Cem Sinan; Aydemir, Ahmet; Sahin, Fatma Nese
In the extant literature, the concepts of motivation and addiction have been employed to elucidate how a considerable number of unpleasant experiences for extreme sports participants can eventually become rewarding. The objective of this study was to develop a scale to measure the behavioral addiction levels of extreme sports athletes. A plethora of addiction and motivation scales (MS) exists; however, none of them are measurement tools that can assess emotional responses and simultaneously address motivation and addiction. Moreover, they are not specific to extreme sports participants. The present study comprised 1,073 participants engaged in extreme sports and incorporated psychometric analyses encompassing a literature review, expert review, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The MS factor structure was determined using the Principal Axis Factoring (PAF) method. The analysis yielded a three-factor structure comprising 16 items, accounting for 63.00% of the total variance. In order to validate the structure, first- and second-order factor analysis was performed. The fit indices obtained at both levels were consistent with the acceptable limits specified in the literature. In the final results, 16 items related to three factors, namely "hedonic deprivation," "tolerance," and "hedonic opposition," were validated. Furthermore, the AVE, CR, and root AVE values were calculated. The analysis results indicated that each sub-dimension in the measurement model exhibited a distinct structure and fulfilled the established validity criteria. Cronbach's Alpha and Split-Half coefficients were calculated to ascertain the reliability of the measurement. The floor and ceiling effects of the MS were also examined. Finally, ROC analysis was employed to evaluate the measurement tool. The findings of this research indicate that the MS, which has been developed and comprises 16 items and a three-factor structure, is a valid and reliable instrument capable of simultaneously addressing motivation and addiction in the context of extreme sports. The scale is of significance as it is the inaugural quantitative measurement tool with the capacity to assess addiction. In conclusion, the MS provides a novel, theory-based contribution to the literature by integrating motivation and behavioral addiction within a single, psychometrically validated framework specific to extreme sports.

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