Physiopathology of allergic diseases and their relation to circadian rhythm

Abstract

Allergic diseases have become a major health problem in modern society. These diseases are caused by an overreaction of the immune system and are often triggered by exposure to environmental allergens. Allergic diseases include asthma, allergicrhinitis, eczema, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. In recent years, research on the effectof circadian rhythm on the immune system has shown that there is an important relationship between the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and circadian rhythm. The pathophysiology of allergic diseases begins with responses to the immune system and the effect of allergens. The immune system is a complex network that regulates the response of immune cells. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies play an important role inreactions of hypersensitivity to allergens. Exposure to allergens triggers the activation of mast cells and basophils, resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators. The circadian rhythm is an internal clock system that regulates the 24-hour cycle of biological processes. The human body adapts various physiological and metabolic processes to this rhythm. The relationship of allergic diseases with the circadian rhythmis related to their effects on both the immune system and tissue and organ function. The circulation and activity of immune cells can change depending on the circadian rhythm. These changes can influence the immune system's response to exposure to allergens. In addition, the symptoms and severity of allergic diseases are also related to the circadian rhythm. Some studies have shown that allergic symptoms increase at night or in the morning. This suggests that the circadian rhythm may influence the severity of allergic reactions by affecting the release of immunoglobulins, the inflammatory response, and bronchial hyperreactivity. This chapter aims to provide researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals with an important resource on recent research findings that advance our understanding of the relationship between the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and the relationship between circadian rhythm.