Lokman suresinin Arap dili ve belağatı açısından incelenmesi
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2022
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Tarih boyunca Arap dili ve inceliklerini iyi bilmenin gerekliliği, İslâm'ın temel kaynağı olan kutsal kitabımız Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'in anlaşılmasında şüphesiz en önemli husus olagelmiştir. Arap dili en geniş çerçedede sarf, nahiv ve belagat kısımlarından oluşmaktadır. Sarf ilmi kelimelerin aldığı şekilleri incelemekteyken Nahiv ilmi ise kelimelerin cümle içindeki yerlerini ve durumlarını incelemektedir. Belagat ilmi ise anlatılmak istenen mananın düzgün, güzel ve sanatlı ifadelerle muhataba aktarılma yöntemlerini incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada Mekkî sûrelerden Lokmân sûresi Sarf, Nahiv ve Belagat ilimleri bağlamında üç ana bölümde tahlil edilmiştir. Ayrıca sarf kısmında, lugat ilmi çerçevesinde kelimelerin sûrede geçen mânâlarıyla beraber kısmen terim anlamlarına da yer verilmiştir. Sarfî tahlil bölümünde sözlük ve ansiklopedilerden kelimelerin mânâsı aktarılırken çeşitli sarf kaynaklarından da araştırılarak şekilsel durumları tahlil edilmiştir. Nahvî tahlil kısmında sûrenin âyetleri, farklı İ'rabu'l Kur'ân eserlerindeki verilerin karşılaştırılması yöntemiyle i'rab edilmiştir. Belağî tahlil kısmında ise sûreyle ilgili çeşitli tefsir kaynaklarında geçmekte olan belagat incelikleri ve mânâları ele alınmıştır. Filolojik yönteme dayalı olarak incelenen bu mütevâzi çalışma ile sûrenin inceliklerinin anlaşılması hedeflenmiştir.
The necessity of knowing the Arabic language and its subtleties throughout history has undoubtedly been the most important issue in understanding our holy book, the Qur'an, which is the main source of Islam. The Arabic language consists of morphology, syntax, and rhetoric parts. While the science of morphology examines the shapes of the words, the science of syntax examines the places and situations of the words in the sentence. On the other hand, the science of rhetoric examines the methods of conveying the meaning to the addressee with fluent, beautiful, and artistic expressions. In this study, Surah Lokman, one of the Makki surahs, has been analyzed in three main sections in the context of morphology, syntax, and rhetoric sciences. In addition, in the part of the morphology, the meanings of the terms are included, together with the meanings of the words in the sura, within the framework the of the lexicon. In the morphology analysis section, the meanings of words from dictionaries and encyclopedias are conveyed, and their cases are also analyzed by researching from various morphology sources. In the part of the syntax analysis, the verses of the surah were revealed by comparing the data in different I'rabu'l Qur'an works. In the rhetorical analysis part, the subtleties and meanings of rhetoric in various tafsir sources related to the surah are discussed. This modest study, which is examined based on the philological method, it is aimed to understand the intricacies of the surah.
The necessity of knowing the Arabic language and its subtleties throughout history has undoubtedly been the most important issue in understanding our holy book, the Qur'an, which is the main source of Islam. The Arabic language consists of morphology, syntax, and rhetoric parts. While the science of morphology examines the shapes of the words, the science of syntax examines the places and situations of the words in the sentence. On the other hand, the science of rhetoric examines the methods of conveying the meaning to the addressee with fluent, beautiful, and artistic expressions. In this study, Surah Lokman, one of the Makki surahs, has been analyzed in three main sections in the context of morphology, syntax, and rhetoric sciences. In addition, in the part of the morphology, the meanings of the terms are included, together with the meanings of the words in the sura, within the framework the of the lexicon. In the morphology analysis section, the meanings of words from dictionaries and encyclopedias are conveyed, and their cases are also analyzed by researching from various morphology sources. In the part of the syntax analysis, the verses of the surah were revealed by comparing the data in different I'rabu'l Qur'an works. In the rhetorical analysis part, the subtleties and meanings of rhetoric in various tafsir sources related to the surah are discussed. This modest study, which is examined based on the philological method, it is aimed to understand the intricacies of the surah.
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Keywords
Dilbilim, Linguistics, Arap dili, Belagat, Eloquence, Kur'an-ı Kerim, Koran, Nahiv, İrab, Syntactic component
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175