Günümüz Aşırı Grupların Kur'an Yorumu -ed-devlet'ül İslamiye ve Cemaatü'l Müslimin Örneği-
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2024
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İslam Tarihi incelendiğinde farklı dönemlerde, farklı nedenlerden dolayı çeşitli aşırı grupların ortaya çıktığı görülmektir. Bunlar Kur'an-ı Kerim'i ve Hadisleri kendi görüşlerine dayanak yaparak yaptıklarını meşrulaştırmak istemektedirler. Bu şekilde insanları vasat yoldan saptırıp, kendi görüşlerine taraftar topluyorlar. Peygamberimiz (sav)'in vefatından sonra hem siyasi hem de itikadi olarak ortaya çıkan ilk fırka hariciler fırkasıdır. Bunlar Kur'an-ı Kerim'in bazı ayetlerini kendi görüşleri doğrultusunda yorumlamışlardır. Ardından onlardan etkilenen veya karşıt fikir ortaya atan birçok fırka ve grup ortaya çıkmıştır. Yapılan çalışma neticesinde günümüzdeki aşırı grupların bu şekilde yayıldığı görülmüştür. Bunlar genelde Kur'an-ı Kerîm'i zahirî düşünceyle ile okuyarak bağlamından koparıyorlar. Kur'an'a anlam verirken yüzeysel okuyarak kendi anlayışlarını mutlak hakikat olarak kabul etmişlerdir. Sonrasında ise mutlak hakikat olarak kabul ettikleri bu doğruyu inkâr eden bütün öteki Müslümanları kafir ilan etmişlerdir. Bazıları ayetlerin yorumlanmasını haram saymış, mecaz ve hakikati birbirine karıştırmış ancak zaman zaman mecaz avamın elinde hakikat kesb etmiş, hiçbir yoruma başvurulmadan salt harfi ve lafzi mana esas alınmıştır. Bu şekilde ayetler bağlamının dışında, sebeb-i nüzul'ü dikkate alınmadan yorumlanmış ve neticede ayetler hikmetsiz bir hükümler manzumesi olarak sunulmuştur.
A study of Islamic history reveals the emergence of various extremist groups at different times, each motivated by different reasons. These groups often seek to legitimise their actions by basing their views on the Holy Qur'an and the Hadith. In doing so, they divert individuals from the moderate path and gain support for their ideologies. The first political and religious sect to emerge after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the Kharijite sect. Their interpretation of certain verses of the Holy Qur'an corresponded to their own perspectives. Subsequently, numerous sects and groups emerged, either influenced by the Kharijites or proposing opposing ideas. A closer look reveals that contemporary extremist groups follow a similar pattern. These individuals tend to approach the Holy Quran with a superficial understanding, divorcing it from its historical context. In their interpretation of the Quran, they read superficially and take their subjective understanding as absolute truth. Consequently, they label all other Muslims who reject their proclaimed truth as infidels. Some people consider the interpretation of verses to be forbidden, leading to confusion between metaphor and reality. Sometimes, however, the metaphorical aspects proved accurate in the hands of the common people. The literal and direct meanings were taken as the basis without resorting to any interpretation. As a result, the verses were interpreted out of their historical context, neglecting the circumstances of their revelation. This approach presented the verses as a collection of imprudent prescriptions.
A study of Islamic history reveals the emergence of various extremist groups at different times, each motivated by different reasons. These groups often seek to legitimise their actions by basing their views on the Holy Qur'an and the Hadith. In doing so, they divert individuals from the moderate path and gain support for their ideologies. The first political and religious sect to emerge after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the Kharijite sect. Their interpretation of certain verses of the Holy Qur'an corresponded to their own perspectives. Subsequently, numerous sects and groups emerged, either influenced by the Kharijites or proposing opposing ideas. A closer look reveals that contemporary extremist groups follow a similar pattern. These individuals tend to approach the Holy Quran with a superficial understanding, divorcing it from its historical context. In their interpretation of the Quran, they read superficially and take their subjective understanding as absolute truth. Consequently, they label all other Muslims who reject their proclaimed truth as infidels. Some people consider the interpretation of verses to be forbidden, leading to confusion between metaphor and reality. Sometimes, however, the metaphorical aspects proved accurate in the hands of the common people. The literal and direct meanings were taken as the basis without resorting to any interpretation. As a result, the verses were interpreted out of their historical context, neglecting the circumstances of their revelation. This approach presented the verses as a collection of imprudent prescriptions.
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Din, Aşırılık, Tefsir, Tekfir, Religion, Excess, Commentary, Infidelity
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145