قاعدة الخروج من الخلاف و تطبيقاته في مذهب الشافعي
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Date
2024
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
İnsanın sosyal bir varlık olduğu bilinmektedir. Bundan dolayı insani ilişkilerde çatışmalar ve sıkıntılar ortaya çıkmaktadır. İşte hukuk burada devreye girmekte ve bu anlaşmazlıkları çözmeye çalışmaktadır. İslam hukukunun, esas gayelerinden birinin de insanlar arasında vuku bulan bu ihtilafları çözmek olduğu söylenebilir. Bu temel hedef fıkhın ibadet kısmında da belirmektedir. Birçok fıkhi hükme kaynaklık teşkil etme ehemmiyetine haiz olan külli kaidelerden, 'ihtilafların çözümlenmesi' kuralı da bahsettiğimiz temel gayenin doğrultusunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Fikri düzeyde ihtilaf meşru hatta matlup iken, ortak noktada buluşma imkânına rağmen hükümlerin farklılaşması ve bu farklılıklardan ileri gelen uygulamaların çeşitliliği, hukuk pratiğini zorlamaktadır. Bu sebeple mezheplerin teşekkül ve tekâmül süreçlerinde ve sonrasında mevcut birtakım ihtilafların çözümlenmesi arayışına girilmiş, bu noktada mezheplerin farklı uygulamaları gözetilerek ilgili hükümlerin uzlaştırılması yoluna gidilmiştir. Netice olarak bulunan bu çözüm bir kural halini almış, birçok fıkhi ahkâmı bünyesinde bulunduran ve müçtehide kolaylık sağlamada temayüz eden 'külli kaidelerin' arasına girmiştir. Bu çalışma ihtilafların gözetilip çözülmesi yönündeki külli kaidenin, Şafii mezhebinin ibadetler bölümündeki pratiğini ele almaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle kuralın tanımı, şartları ve hücciyyeti işlenmiştir. Daha sonra Şafii mezhebinin fıkıh kitaplarındaki ibadet bölümünde kuralın icrası ortaya konulmuş, bilahare araştırmacının tercihi beyan edilmiştir. Son olarak da çalışmanın elde ettiği bazı sonuçlar serdedilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimler; Fıkıh, Şafii, İbadetler, Külli Kaideler, İhtilaf, Çözüm
It is known that human beings are social beings. Therefore, conflicts and problems arise in human relations. This is where law comes into play and tries to resolve these disputes. It can be said that one of the main objectives of Islamic law is to resolve these conflicts between people. This basic goal is also evident in the worship part of fiqh. The rules of 'resolving disputes', one of the universal rules, which has the importance of being the source of many jurisprudential rulings, has also emerged in line with the aforementioned basic goal. While disagreement at the intellectual level is legitimate and even desirable, the differentiation of rulings and the diversity of practices arising from these differences, despite the possibility of meeting at a common point, challenge the practice of law. For this reason, during and after the formation and evolution of the sects, a search was made to resolve some of the existing conflicts, and at this point, the relevant provisions were reconciled by considering the different practices of the sects. As a result, this solution has become a rule and has become one of the 'universal rules' that include many fiqh rules and stand out in providing convenience to the mujtahid. This study deals with the practice of the universal rule of observing and resolving disputes in the Shafi'i madhhab in the section of worship. Firstly, the definition of the rule, its conditions and its offense are discussed. Afterwards, the implementation of the rule in the section of worship in the fiqh books of the Shafi'i madhhab is presented, and then the research is analyzed. Keywords; Fıqh, Shafi'i, Worship, Universal Principles Disagreement, Solution.
It is known that human beings are social beings. Therefore, conflicts and problems arise in human relations. This is where law comes into play and tries to resolve these disputes. It can be said that one of the main objectives of Islamic law is to resolve these conflicts between people. This basic goal is also evident in the worship part of fiqh. The rules of 'resolving disputes', one of the universal rules, which has the importance of being the source of many jurisprudential rulings, has also emerged in line with the aforementioned basic goal. While disagreement at the intellectual level is legitimate and even desirable, the differentiation of rulings and the diversity of practices arising from these differences, despite the possibility of meeting at a common point, challenge the practice of law. For this reason, during and after the formation and evolution of the sects, a search was made to resolve some of the existing conflicts, and at this point, the relevant provisions were reconciled by considering the different practices of the sects. As a result, this solution has become a rule and has become one of the 'universal rules' that include many fiqh rules and stand out in providing convenience to the mujtahid. This study deals with the practice of the universal rule of observing and resolving disputes in the Shafi'i madhhab in the section of worship. Firstly, the definition of the rule, its conditions and its offense are discussed. Afterwards, the implementation of the rule in the section of worship in the fiqh books of the Shafi'i madhhab is presented, and then the research is analyzed. Keywords; Fıqh, Shafi'i, Worship, Universal Principles Disagreement, Solution.
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Din, Religion
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91