Geleneksel Diyarbakır Evlerinde Cas Süsleme
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2024
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Diyarbakır geçmişten günümüze birçok medeniyetin hâkimiyeti altında kalmıştır. Son olarak Osmanlının hakimiyetinde gelişen bir bölge olmuştur. Diyarbakır konut mimarisini inceliğimizde de konutlarda yer alan tarihçe bilgileri çoğunlukla Osmanlı hakimiyeti dönemleri ile örtüşmektedir. Böylelikle daha çok bu dönemin etnik, dini ve sosyo- kültürel etkisi altında eserler yapılmıştır. 16. yüzyılda Osmanlı egemenliği altında olan Diyarbakır'da birçok konut inşa edilmiştir. Bu yapılar, mimari ve cas süsleme özellikleriyle günümüze ulaşmıştır. Daha önce bu bölgede hakimiyet kurmuş medeniyetlerin yapı özelliklerini bozmaksızın kendilerine özgü eklemeler yaparak mimari anlayışlarını devam ettirmişlerdir. Diyarbakır'da inşa edilen konutların bölgenin coğrafi konum ve iklim şartlarına uygun olarak çoğunun plan ve cas süsleme özellikleri birbirine benzemektedir. Konutlarda; avlu, eyvan, bahçe, gezemek, pencere, oda birimleri, ıslak hacimler bütüncül olarak plan şemasını ortaya koymaktadır. Geleneksel Diyarbakır evlerinde gördüğümüz cas süslemelerin değerlendirildiği bu tezde toplamda 34 konut ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada ele alınan bazı konutların özellikle pencere kemerleri ve kapı üstleri, cas süsleme bakımından zenginlik göstermektedir. Cas süslemeler geçmeli geometrik, yazı, bitkisel ve münferit kompozisyonlarla dikkat çekicidir. Cas süslemeler, özellikle Diyarbakır evlerinde bazalt taşın sade görünümünü hareketlendirmek için tercih edilmiştir. Bu süslemeler, dönemin süsleme anlayışı doğrultusunda geometrik, bitkisel, ay-yıldız, rozet ve şemseler gibi birçok farklı kompozisyonla işlenmiştir. Cas süslemeler, Diyarbakır'ın geleneksel konut mimarisinin zengin ve kültürel mirasının ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
Diyarbakır has been under the rule of many civilizations throughout history. Most recently, it developed under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. When we examine Diyarbakır's residential architecture, we see that the historical information about these houses often aligns with periods of Ottoman rule. Thus, many structures were built under the ethnic, religious, and socio-cultural influence of that period. In the 16th century, many houses were constructed in Diyarbakır under Ottoman rule. These structures have survived to the present day with their architectural and decorative features. They continued their architectural approach by making unique additions without disrupting the building characteristics of the previous civilizations that ruled the region. Most houses built in Diyarbakır have similar layouts and decorative features that suit the region's geographical location and climate conditions. The houses feature elements like courtyards, iwans, gardens, walking areas, windows, rooms, and wet areas, forming a cohesive layout. In this thesis, which examines cas (decorative stone) ornamentation in traditional Diyarbakır houses, a total of 34 houses are studied. In some of these houses, especially the window arches and door lintels, cas ornamentation is rich. Cas decorations stand out with intricate geometric, script, floral, and unique compositions. Cas decorations were preferred, especially in Diyarbakır houses, to add liveliness to the plain appearance of basalt stone. These decorations were created in various compositions, such as geometric patterns, floral designs, crescent-stars, rosettes, and medallions, in line with the decorative style of the period. Cas ornamentation stands out as an integral part of Diyarbakır's rich cultural heritage and traditional residential architecture
Diyarbakır has been under the rule of many civilizations throughout history. Most recently, it developed under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. When we examine Diyarbakır's residential architecture, we see that the historical information about these houses often aligns with periods of Ottoman rule. Thus, many structures were built under the ethnic, religious, and socio-cultural influence of that period. In the 16th century, many houses were constructed in Diyarbakır under Ottoman rule. These structures have survived to the present day with their architectural and decorative features. They continued their architectural approach by making unique additions without disrupting the building characteristics of the previous civilizations that ruled the region. Most houses built in Diyarbakır have similar layouts and decorative features that suit the region's geographical location and climate conditions. The houses feature elements like courtyards, iwans, gardens, walking areas, windows, rooms, and wet areas, forming a cohesive layout. In this thesis, which examines cas (decorative stone) ornamentation in traditional Diyarbakır houses, a total of 34 houses are studied. In some of these houses, especially the window arches and door lintels, cas ornamentation is rich. Cas decorations stand out with intricate geometric, script, floral, and unique compositions. Cas decorations were preferred, especially in Diyarbakır houses, to add liveliness to the plain appearance of basalt stone. These decorations were created in various compositions, such as geometric patterns, floral designs, crescent-stars, rosettes, and medallions, in line with the decorative style of the period. Cas ornamentation stands out as an integral part of Diyarbakır's rich cultural heritage and traditional residential architecture
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Sanat Tarihi, Art History
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411