Browsing by Author "Paulitz,Timothy C."

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Bipolaris sorokiniana associated with common root rot in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
(2022) Alkan, Mehtap; Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Derviş, Sibel; Paulitz,Timothy C.; Özdemir, Fatih; Morgounov, Alexey; Mumınjanov,Hafiz; Amer, Mohammed; Imren, Mustafa; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Özer, Göksel
Wheat (Triticum spp.) is the third most important crop in terms of global production, with an average annual production of almost 219 million ha and yielding 760.9 million tons, after maize and rice. However, A complex of fungi attacking the crown and root tissues of wheat causes a serious problem and significant yield reductions in wheat. Although most prevailing species in this complex can change yearly and regionally in dryland winter wheat production areas, Bipolaris sorokiniana Shoemaker (teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus) is one of the dominant species and causes spot blotch and common root rot (CRR) on wheat plants, especially in winter wheat varieties. Comprehensive surveys were conducted to identify B. sorokiniana associated with CRR of wheat throughout the main wheat-growing areas of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan in 2017 and 2019, respectively. As a result of the classification of species based on morphological and molecular tools, 96 and 547 isolates were identified as B. sorokiniana for Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, respectively. All surveyed regions for these countries were contaminated with this pathogen. Some representative isolates of B. sorokiniana were tested for their ability to cause disease and produced moderate disease severities on cultivar Seri 82 (Triticum aestivum, bread wheat). The percent incidence of B. sorokiniana isolates in all isolates was 15.2% for Azerbaijan, whereas, for Kazakhstan, B. sorokiniana was the most frequently recovered species in the three regions surveyed, with an isolated frequency of 44.80%. The results of the current study provide crucial and helpful information to improve disease management strategies against CRR of wheat in these countries.
Fusarium spp. associated with crown and root rot in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan
(2022) Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Derviş, Sibel; Paulitz,Timothy C.; Özdemir, Fatih; Morgounov, Alexey; Mumınjanov,Hafiz; Amer, Mohammed; Imren, Mustafa; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.; Özer, Göksel
Little is known about the distribution and prevalence of pathogens of underground parts of winter wheat in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. In this study, a detailed survey study was conducted to assess the distribution of pathogen the country to generate information and understand disease dynamics, as well as to test the pathogenicity of the obtained species on a susceptible wheat cultivar.Wheat (Triticum spp.) is a primary source of calories and protein (Shiferaw et al. 2013), grown on 219 million ha and yielding 760.9 million tons (FAOSTAT 2022). Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) provide a major contribution to the diets of humans and livestock in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, with an average annual production of about 1.82 million tons in a planted area of about 0.59 million ha and with 14.3 million tons produced on 12.1 million ha, respectively. Especially, Kazakhstan’s wheat yield (1182.5 ton/ha) falls far short of the global average (3474.4 ton/ha) due to biotic and abiotic stressors.The complex fungal species attacking the crown and root tissues of wheat causes a serious problem, including damping-off, blight, necrosis, and dry rotting of the root, crown, sub-crown, and lower stem tissues, along with wilting and stunting of seedlings and mature wheat plants (Bockus et al. 2010), resulting in significant yield reductions in the major wheat-producing regions of the world (Gonzalez and Trevathan 2000).Template DNA was extracted from 50–100 mg of fungal powder using a DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The translation elongation factor 1- alpha (EF1-α) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA were amplified with EF1/EF2 (O’Donnell et al. 1998) and ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) primer sets, respectively.