Browsing by Author "Türkölmez, Şahimerdan"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20

Citation - WoS: 10
Citation - Scopus: 18
Activity of Metalaxyl-M plus mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al, and Phosphorous Acid against Phytophthora Crown and Root Rot of Apricot and Cherry Caused by Phytophthora palmivora
(CZECH ACADEMY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 2017) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Crown and root rot, caused by the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora, has become a destructive disease of apricot and cherry in eastern Turkey. There are no currently registered fungicides labeled for its control. In greenhouse experiments conducted in 2012 and 2013, 1-year-old potted apricot rootstock Zerdali and cherry rootstock Mahaleb plants were treated either with foliar spray of fosetyl-Al (140, 160, and 180 g a.i./100 l) or phosphorous acid (187.5, 200, and 215 g a.i./100 l) or soil drench of 100 ml of metalaxyl-M (= mefenoxam)+mancozeb (12+192, 16+256, and 20+320 g a.i./100 l) one day after wound inoculation of crowns and roots. In both years, phosphorous acid at 200 and 215 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 160 and 180 g a.i./100 l, and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Zerdali by 70.68-80.00% and crown rot severity on both Zerdali and Mahaleb, by 68.32-91.96 and 74.21-82.60%, respectively, compared with phosphorous acid at 187.5 g a.i./100 l, fosetyl-Al at 140 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l and control. Moreover, fosetyl-Al at 180 g a.i./100 l and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 20+320 g a.i./100 l significantly reduced the root rot severity on Mahaleb compared to fosetyl-Al at 140 and 160 g a.i./100 l, metalaxyl-M+mancozeb at 12+192 and 16+256 g a.i./100 l, phosphorous acid treatments and control in 2012, providing the best control of the disease by 88.00-90.68%. Two/three phosphorous acid foliar applications at 200 g a.i./100 l suppressed symptom development when field applications were made on a curative basis in 2014 and 2015.
Citation - WoS: 18
Citation - Scopus: 19
Canker and leaf scorch on olive (Olea europaea L.) caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Turkey
(ScienceDirect, 2022) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Derviş, Sibel; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
In a recent survey of olive groves in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey, a new and serious decline of olive trees, beginning with foliar scorching and then dieback of twigs, branches, and even whole trees, was observed for the first time. In more advanced stages of the disease, necrosis and cankers were observed on the bark of the trunk, branches, and twigs. Isolations from symptomatic tissues from multiple cultivars in diverse locations yielded Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, which were identified using ITS, tef1, and tub2 loci of genomic DNA, in combination with morphological data. In vitro studies showed that conidial germination, hyphal growth, and pycnidia formation of the pathogen were positively correlated with elevated temperatures. Wild type olive “Delice”, “Edincik Su”, and “Memecik” seemed like the most resistant cultivars on which disease severity values were the lowest among 14 screened olive cultivars in two experimental orchards under natural conditions. Pathogenicity tests showed that “Gemlik” was the most susceptible cultivar showing the largest cankers and extensive scorch lesions. Isolates caused canker but not leaf scorch on O. europaea cultivars “Arbequina” “Halhalı”, “Manzanilla”, “Nizip Yağlık”, and “Saurani”. Neoscytalidium isolates are likely to have a negative impact on the health of diverse olive groves, which are primarily confined to Mediterranean-type climatic regions. These findings suggest an increased risk of infection in environments with increasing temperatures, as is common in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. The information gathered in this study will be used to examine the disease's epidemiology and establish disease control initiatives. This is also the first report of N. dimidiatum infecting O. europaea in the world.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 7
Clonostachys rosea Strain ST1140: An Endophytic Plant-Growth-Promoting Fungus, and Its Potential Use in Seedbeds with Wheat-Grain Substrate
(SpringerLink, 2023) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Derviş, Sibel; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
In this study, Clonostachys rosea strain ST1140, a naturally occurring endophyte in healthy roots of a pistachio tree, was identifed morphologically and molecularly through DNA sequencing, and its endophytic ability and growth efect in/on three solanaceous plant species were tested. Three diferent organic substrates (bread wheat-grain, sawdust, and leonardite) were also investigated for their utility in cultivating and multiplying the strain. In-tray and pot experiments, the rates of seed germination and vegetative development of pepper, tomato, and eggplant inoculated with C. rosea at planting were compared to those of non-inoculated controls. In pot experiments, inoculating seedbeds with increasing doses of C. rosea strain ST1140 with wheat-grain substrate resulted in higher plant height values for all plant species, and the strain endophytically colonized the roots of all plant species. In-tray experiments revealed that ST1140 inoculation resulted in 2–4 days earlier and 10% higher germination rates for all plant species, as well as more vigorous and accelerated seedling growth (10–13 days earlier for seedlings at the 4–5 true leaf stage) on all inoculated plant species. Among three diferent organic substrates, wheat-grain was found to be the most efective for long-term cultivation and multiplication of the fungus, which could be of interest for its development as a commercial product. These results promised the strain ST1140’s use as a biofertilizer in seedbeds with a wheat-grain substrate.
The Effect of Talaromyces funiculosus ST976 Isolated from Pistacia vera Rhizosphere on Phosphorus Solubility in Soil Samples with Different Physicochemical Properties
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 2022) Derviş, Sibel; Eren, Abdullah; Eren, Abdullah; Özer, Göksel; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
In this study, a total of 78 Talaromyces isolates were isolated from the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rhizosphere heavily infested with Neoscytalidium spp. The identification studies of the four representative isolates based on morphological and molecular methods showed that all isolates were T. funiculosus. The 575 bp long sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of T. funiculosus isolate ST976, selected as a representative of the isolates, was deposited in GenBank under accession no. MW130842. The Maximum Likelihood tree clustered the ST976 isolate with reference T. funiculosus isolates derived from the GenBank nucleotide database. The phosphorus dissolution ability of ST976 isolate was determined by an experiment using six soil samples collected from agricultural lands in various locations of Şanlıurfa province. The pH of the soil samples taken varied between 7.21 and 7.88. As a result of the analysis performed with the addition of the isolate ST976 applied to soil samples with different soil structures (Clay and Clay-Loam), it was determined that the isolate ST976 dissolved 109–311% more phosphorus than the control sample. The study is one of the first studies proving the ability of T. funiculosus isolate ST976 to dissolve phosphorus without any additives to soil solution was determined.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
First report of fruit rot of eggplant caused by Pythium viniferum in Turkey
(SpringerLink, 2021) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
In August 2019, symptoms including dark brown and irregular sunken lesions or blights on the fruit pedicel and calyx of eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) occurred with a 3% incidence in two felds in Şanlıurfa province of Turkey.
Citation - Scopus: 4
First report of Globisporangium heterothallicum causing root and crown rot of pepper in Turkey
(New Disease Reports, 2020) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Çiftçi, Osman; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Turkey is the world's third-largest producer of pepper (Capsicum annuum), annually cultivating over 90,000 ha and producing over half a million tonnes of fruit. In 2019, wilting and death of c. 20% of plants were observed in pepper fields in Şanlıurfa province, Turkey (Fig. 1). Severe root and crown rot symptoms with discoloration were observed on affected plants, and necrotic lesions expanded rapidly into the stems which killed the plant (Fig. 2).
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing dieback on almond (Prunus dulcis) in Turkey
(Springer, 2021) Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Derviş, Sibel; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Turkey is the world's fourth-largest almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] producer. In July 2020, 10% of 2,600 9-year-old almond trees cultivars Ferragnes and Ferraduel in Bozova district of Şanlıurfa province showed symptoms of yellowing, gumming, branch and trunk cankers, and dieback. Surface-disinfected wood tissue samples exhibiting visible internal necrosis were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After seven days of incubation at 25 °C in the dark, 12 similar fungal colonies with dark grey colouration were isolated. The isolates Lt01Pd and Lt02Pd were randomly selected for identification, pathogenicity, and deposited in Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Culture Collection with accession number BAIBU0738-0739. Fruiting bodies were stromatic, black, 150–250 µm in diameter, and irregular or globose pycnidia with an apical ostiole. Paraphyses produced within pycnidia were hyaline, cylindrical, septate, and up to 60 µm long. Immature conidia formed inside the pycnidia were initially unicellular, hyaline, and ellipsoidal, whilst mature conidia were one-septate, dark brown, and measuring 18.5–23.0 μm × 11.5–13.5 μm (n = 50). BLAST searches for the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA region (ITS: GenBank accession Nos. MW733864-MW733865), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF-1α: GenBank accession Nos. MW733862-MW733863), and β-tubulin 2 gene (BT2: GenBank accession Nos. MW733860-MW733861) sequences at GenBank exhibited 99.81% similarity for ITS (NR_111174) and 100% similarity for TEF-1α (AY640258) and BT2 (EU673110) sequences of type strain CBS 164.96 of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Pathogenicity of each isolate on ten 1-year-old P. dulcis cv. Ferragnes seedlings was verified by replacing five-mm diameter bark disks of stems with the same-sized mycelial plugs. Control seedlings (n = 10) were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2 °C. In the inoculated plants, necrotic lesions with an average length of 6 to 8 cm on wood tissues were observed within 4 weeks. Control seedlings remained symptomless. The same fungus was only re-isolated from symptomatic tissues. In California, a similar canker disease of almond caused by L. theobromae has been reported (Chen et al. 2013). To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae causing dieback on almond in Turkey (Farr and Rossman 2021).
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
First report of needle blight of blue spruce (Picea pungens) caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Turkey
(SpringerLink, 2023) Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Güney, İnci Güler; Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, Göksel; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
The blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) is an exotic conifer species widely used for decorative purposes in landscaping and private gardens. In 2020, 60% of forty blue spruce trees between 20 and 25 years old planted in front of buildings in Kavaklıdere, Ankara, displayed needle blight symptoms. Needles on the lower and interior crown closest to the trunk were infected from the bottoms of branches. They showed a brown-colored or burned appearance before dropping off, starting from their tips, resulting in up to a 65% reduction of the canopy. On the surface of infected tissues, a black-colored fungal mass was observed. Fungal colonies isolated from twenty symptomatic branches and needles were initially dark gray and became black within 4 to 7 days. Zero- to one-septate dark brown conidia (4.6 to 9.8 × 3.6 to 7.5 μm) formed in arthric chains were disarticulating and cylindrical-truncate to rod-shaped, oblong, ellipsoidal, doliiform, or globose, consistent with the description of Neoscytalidium spp. (Crous et al. 2006). The internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin loci of a randomly selected isolate (Nd_Pp01) were sequenced using the primers ITS1/4, EF1-728 F/986R, and Bt2a/Bt2b and deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers OK643641, OK666381, and OK666382, respectively. The sequences had 99.77–100% nucleotide identity with those of the type specimen of N. dimidiatum, CBS 145.78. Phylogenetic analysis with concatenated sequences further confirmed the identification. The isolate was deposited in the Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Culture Collection with accession number BAIBU-179. A pathogenicity test was conducted with ten 1-year-old P. pungens plants by spraying a conidial suspension (105 conidia/ml) of the isolate Nd_Pp01 onto the needles (Türkölmez et al. 2019). Five seedlings sprayed with sterile water were used as controls. All plants were placed in a growth chamber at 28°C with 70% RH. Spray-inoculated needles initially showed yellow spots within two weeks and turned brown six weeks after inoculation, whereas the controls remained symptom-free. The pathogen was re-isolated from the inoculated needles but not from controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum causing needle blight on P. pungens in Turkey and worldwide (Farr and Rossman 2023).
Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 14
First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum associated with dieback and canker of common fig (Ficus carica L.) in Turkey
(SpringerLink, 2022) Derviş, Sibel; Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Derviş, Sibel; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
In 2020, a canker disease with dieback of branches and decline of various fig trees in Şanlıurfa and Mardin provinces of Turkey was observed. The causal pathogen was identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, tef1, and tub2 loci. Koch’s postulates were confirmed by successful re-isolation of N. dimidiatum only from plants inoculated with the pathogen. This is the first report of N. dimidiatum associated with dieback and canker of common fig in Turkey.
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 10
First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing tuber rot of potato in Turkey
(Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
[No abstract available]
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 13
First report of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae causing stem blight on tomato in Turkey
(Journal of Plant Pathology, 2020) Derviş, Sibel; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
[No abstract available]
Fungi isolated from cankered tissues of declining apricot trees in Malatya and Elazığ provinces of Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Surveys were carried out in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) production areas of Malatya and Elazığ provinces from April to November in 2015 and 2016. Fungal and oomycetous diseases causing dieback and decline symptoms were investigated and locations where the diseases were prevalent were determined according to the districts in these provinces. Nine and 40 orchards were visited in Elazığ and Malatya during the course of the surveys. A total of 665 out of 5750 apricot trees were checked and the disease incidence was found to be 44% in the surveyed orchards. Out of isolates obtained from root and crown tissues of symptomatic trees, isolates obtained from cankered tissues were characterized according to their morphological characteristics. Genomic DNA was extracted from representative isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced and submitted to GenBank. NCBI BLAST results showed 98 to 100% similarity with the ITS sequences of many Clonostachys rosea f. rosea (Link : Fr.) Schroers et. al. 1999 (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales), Sarocladium kiliense (Grütz) Summerb. 2011 (Ascomycetes, Incertae sedis) (Syn: Acremonium kiliense), Phoma sp. (Ascomycetes, Pleosporales), Entoleuca spp. (Ascomycetes, Xylariales) strains deposited in NCBI GenBank. The sequences were submitted to GenBank and given accession numbers were MF536537 and MF536538 for C. rosea, MF536539 for S. kiliense, MF536540 and MF536541 for Phoma spp., and MF536542, MF536543, MF536544 and MF536545 for Entoleuca spp. isolates. Moreover, Verticillium dahliae and Macrophomina phaseolina were also isolated from inner tissues of necrotic branches and morphologically identified. However, pathogenicity of these isolates needs further investigations. If some isolates were not pathogenic, their endophytic or hperparasitic characteristics against pathogenic ones should be tested in order to fully exploit their potential for use as biological control agents.
ITS and LSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences based confirmation of Cytospora chrysosperma and Chondrostereum purpureum from symptomatic cankered tissues of Populus nigra trees in Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Malatya ili Doğanşehir ilçesinde 2016 yılında yapılan arazi çalışmaları sırasında gövde, dal kanseri ve kuruma belirtileri gösteren kavak (Populus nigra) ağaçlarından alınan örneklerden yapılan laboratuar çalışmaları sonucunda piknidyum içeren kabukların altından ve odun dokularından sırasıyla Cytospora chrysosperma ve Chondrostereum purpureum izole edilmiştir. İlkbaharda, kavak ağaçlarının sürgünlerine, tamamen gelişmiş olan dördüncü yapraklarının koparılması sonucu ortaya çıkan yaralar üzerine, C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum izolatları tarafından kolonize edilmiş agar disklerinin yerleştirilmesiyle inokulasyon yapılmıştır. İnokülasyondan üç ay sonra C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum ile inokulasyon bölgesinde sırasıyla 6,4 ve 3,3 cm uzunluğunda kanserler oluşmuş ve sürgünler büzüşmüştür. Benzer bir şekilde, serada gerçekleştirilen patojenite testlerinde, kabuk dokusunda oluşturulan yaraların bu izolatlar ile inokülasyonundan yaklaşık 14 gün sonra kanser oluşumu gerçekleşmiştir. Hastalanan bitkilerin dokularından yapılan izolasyonlarda C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum’un tekrar izole edilmesi ile hastalık etmenlerinin bu funguslar olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Steril ortam diskleri ile inokule edilen kontrol sürgünlerdeki yaralarda kanser oluşmamıştır. Her fungal türün temsili izolatından tüm DNA’nın izolasyonu yapılmıştır. İzole edilen toplam DNA’lar, rDNA'nın internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ve large subunit (LSU) gen bölgeleri için sırasıyla ITS6/ITS4 ve NL1/NL4 primer çiftleri kullanılarak amplifiye edilmiş ve dizilenmiştir. BLAST analizleri sonucunda, daha önce Gen Bankası’nda kaydedilen birçok C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum ITS ve LSU nükleotid dizisi ile %99 benzerlik göstermiştir. Bu diziler Gen Bankasına kaydedilmiştir. C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum’nın ITS-rDNA için NCBI’dan verilen erişim numaraları sırasıyla MF536529 ve MF536531; LSU-rDNA için veriler erişim numaraları ise sırasıyla MF536530 ve MF536532’dir. Bu fungus etmenlerinin Türkiye'deki varlığı daha önce bildirilmekle birlikte bu çalışma, C. chrysosperma ve C. purpureum'un ITS ve LSU-rDNA nükleotid dizilerine dayanarak moleküler karakterizasyonlarının ilk raporudur.
ITS and LSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences based confirmation of Cytospora chrysosperma and Chondrostereum purpureum from symptomatic cankered tissues of Populus sp. trees in Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
The fungi Cytospora chrysosperma and Chondrostereum purpureum were isolated from orange-brown inner bark with pycnidia in the bark surface and underlying wood tissues of infected poplar plants (Populus sp.) with symptoms of stem and branch canker in Doğanşehir, Malatya, in 2016, respectively. Twigs of poplar trees were inoculated during their first season of growth by removing the fourth fully expanded leaves and placing agar plugs colonized by representative isolates of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum over the resulting wounds. Three months after inoculation, cankers in 6.4 and 3.3 cm length formed by C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum, respectively, and twigs were girdled. Pathogenicity tests in a greenhouse experiment by shallow wounds made into the bark tissue and inoculation with these isolates in a similar manner also resulted in canker formation in and around inoculated wounds 14 days after inoculation. Subsequent re-isolations of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum confirmed that these fungi were the causal agents of the disease, and no cankers formed in wounds that received only sterile plugs. DNA was extracted from representative isolates of each fungal species. Extracted DNA templates were amplified and sequenced for rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene regions using ITS6/ITS4 and NL1/NL4 primer pairs, respectively. NCBI BLAST results showed 99% similarity with the ITS and LSU sequences of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum in GenBank. The sequences were submitted to GenBank. Given accession numbers of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum were MF536529 and MF536531 for ITSrDNA; MF536530 and MF536532 for LSU-rDNA, respectively. Existence of these fungi in Turkey was previously reported. However, this is a first report of molecular characterization of C. chrysosperma and C. purpureum based on ITS and LSU-rDNA nucleotide sequences of these fungi in Turkey.
Morphological, pathogenic and molecular characterization of Globisporangium ultimum causing stem and root-rot disease of bean plants grown in Diyarbakır Province of Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., is an economic important herbaceous annual legume plant in the family Fabaceae. It is amongst the most widely cultivated legumes of the world for its delicious seeds having high protein content like other legume seeds. In mid-June2016, we observed bean plants belonging to cv. Ayşekadın at near harvest stage in a commercial field located in Hanzo District of Diyarbakır Province (Southeastern Anatolia) with necrotic taproots and few lateral roots. Infected hypocotyls above the soil line and lower stems had light brown lesions, and plants showed symptoms of wilting. Within a month, the incidence of the affected plants grown in this 30 da field reached 50%. Tissue fragments of 1 mm2 were excised from the root and stem lesion of infected plants, dipped in a solution containing 1% sodium hypochlorite, and plated on grated apple corn meal agar (GACMA) amended with P5ARPH. Plates were incubated at 22°C for 5 days. A Pythium-like organism was consistently isolated from tissues. Growing hyphal tips of isolates were transferred onto V8 medium for production of sexual structures. All isolates were identified as Globisporangium ultimum (Syn: Pythium ultimum) based on the morphological characters of sporangia, oogonia, antheridia, oospores and hyphal swellings. To confirm Koch's postulates, two isolates were tested for pathogenicity against bean (cv. Ayşekadın) by placing colonized GACMA plugs or GACMA alone next to the crown. Symptoms similar to those observed in the field on bean developed on inoculated plants and the pathogen was reisolated. Controls did not develop disease. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA of a single isolate was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced. BLAST analysis of the ITS sequence (GenBank Accession No MF536533) showed a 100% homology with the corresponding sequences of many isolates of G. ultimum in GenBank and confirmed our identification of this isolate as G. ultimum. Collar and root rot caused by G. ultimum affects bean plants in many regions of the world. The pathogen was also reported in Hatay and Samsun provinces of Turkey. No published information exists, however, on the existence of this pathogen in the Southeastern Anatolia Region (Diyarbakır). Besides, this is first report of molecular characterization of G. ultimum in Turkey.
New disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum devastates tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in Turkey
(2019) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem; Dikilitaş, Murat; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
A novel disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) was observed in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Symptoms were blight of all aerial parts of the plant, including stems, branches, leaves, petioles, flowers and fruits, defoliation, root rot, inner stem necrosis, and plant death. The disease was found in 13.9% of surveyed fields, with an incidence varying from 3% to nearly 75% (average 21.2%) of the plants in symptomatic fields. The average severity of blight on stem in fields with the symptomatic plant surveyed was 1.4%. A Botryosphaeriaceae species, identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers using morphological and cultural features, was consistently isolated from symptomatic roots, inner stems, and blighted leaves, shoots, stems, fruits and flowers. The partial nucleotide sequence data for three gene loci, including nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) genes and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α), confirmed the morphological identification. Furthermore, sequence data of actin genes from N. dimidiatum was, for the first time, deposited to the GenBank. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by testing the susceptibility of different tomato tissues (leaves, stems, inner stems and roots of tomato seedlings, and detached tomato fruits and flowers) to N. dimidiatum inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum on tomato.
Occurrence of Phytophthora Cryptogea Causing Root and Collar Rot on Sweet Cherry Trees in Diyarbakır Province of Turkey
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Turkey is the world's largest producer of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), a member of stone fruits, with approximately 500 thousand tons of fruit produced annually. 24,385 sweet cherry trees are grown in 1,358 da area of Diyarbakır province with 275 t of fruit produced annually. In May 2015, approximately 30% of 500 5-year-old sweet cherry (P. avium cv. Ziraat 0900) trees grafted onto ‘Mahaleb’ in Çüngüs of Diyarbakır province showed wilting, lack of vigor, and dieback, with severely infected trees dying. Reddish necrotic tissues at the base of the trunk often extending to the main roots were observed on those trees. When they uprooted; necrosis on taproots and decay on feeder roots appeared. Tissue samples taken from the margins of crown and root lesions were placed on grated apple corn meal agar amended with P5ARPH. Plates were incubated for 4 days at 20°C in the dark and a Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from the tissues. The morphological features fit the descriptions of Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff. P. cryptogea was pathogenic on 5 to 7 mm × 20 cm diam. shoots detached from a 1-year-old ‘Mahaleb’ cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) rootstock tree. Genomic DNA was extracted from a representative isolate. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced (GenBank Accession No: MF538788). BLAST searches showed a 99 to 100% identity with many P. cryptogea strains AF087475, AY995400, GU111626, GU111624, KP070713, KP070713, KP070715, KP070719, KP070716, KP070721, KP070709 etc. Deposited in NCBI GenBank and Phytophthora-ID databases. The provenance of P. cryptogea in a sweet cherry orchard in Ankara province (Central Anatolia), in a kiwifruit orchard in Bartın province (Black Sea Region), and in a potato field in Erzincan province (Eastern Anatolia Region) was previously reported in Turkey. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of P. cryptogea in a new region, in the Southeastern Anatolia, causing root and collar rot of cherry trees.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 15
Phytopythium litorale: A novel killer pathogen of plane (Platanus orientalis) causing canker stain and root and collar rot
(Plant Disease, 2020) Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Çiftçi, Osman; Özer, Göksel; Serçe, Çiğdem Ulubaş; Dikilitaş, Murat; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Decline symptoms associated with lethal stem and branch canker stain along with root and collar rots were observed on 5- to 7-year-old roadside oriental plane trees (Platanus orientalis) in Diyarbakır, Turkey. Above-ground symptoms included leaf necrosis, leaf curling, extensive bluish or blackish staining of shoots, branches, stem bark, and wood surfaces, as well as stem cankers and exfoliation of branch bark scales. A general decline of the trees was distinctly visible from a distance. A Phytophthora/ Pythium-like oomycete species with globose to ovoid, often papillate and internally proliferating sporangia was consistently isolated from the fine and coarse roots and stained branch parts and shoots. The pathogen was identified as Phytopythium litorale based on several morphological features. Partial DNA sequences of three loci, including nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large ribosomal subunit (LSU), and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (coxII) confirmed the morphological identification. All P. litorale isolates were homothallic, developing gametangia, ornamented oogonia with elongate to lobate antheridia. Pathogenicity of P. litorale was tested by inoculation on excised shoots and by root inoculation on seedlings. P. litorale produced large lesions and blights on shoots in just 5 days and killed 100% of the seedlings in a month. This paper presents the first confirmed report of P. litorale as an important pathogen on a plant species causing branch and stem cankers, and root and collar rot, in and on P. orientalis, resulting in a rapid decline of trees and suggesting a threat to plane.
Rehabilitation of soils containing high salt levels with beneficial fungi
(2023) Derviş, Sibel; Un, Akin; Derviş, Sibel; Dikilitaş, Murat; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Soil salinity not only reduces the quality of the soil, but also causes ionic imbalance in the plant, competition in the nutrient uptake and toxic effects at high concentration. Combating salinity, which has become a greater stress factor due to impact of drought and high temperatures, is of great importance. In this study, 3 kg soil in pots, adjusted to 12 mS/m EC, under four different treatments (3 different fungi species and control) were compared in a laboratory environment. The experiment was designed with three replications for each subject and one plant in each pot. Fungi species (Clononotachys rosea, Trichoderma sp., Taloromyces funiculosus) were used as soil inoculant to reduce soil salinity. The soil electrical conductivity (EC) was between 9.25 and 9.95 mS/m within 1 month in tomato cultivated soils, while the EC of the plant-free medium was between 10.4 and 11.4 mS/m: thus, the salt content did not differ statistically. EC values of the saline soils was decreased by 21-, 17-, 29 %, respectively, when Trichoderma sp., Taloromyces funiculosus, Clononotachys rosea were applied to tomato plant growing soils. These fungi also decreased the soil EC values by 15-, 16-, 25 %, respectively, in the plant-free environment. The chlorophyll SPAD value of tomato plants grown in saline soils decreased from 22.65 to 0, however, the SPAD values of tomato plants grown in soils with Clononotachys rosea, Trichoderma sp., Taloromyces funiculosus were increased from 22.4-, 25.6-, 24.1 to 29.3-, 50.2-, and 24.5. Similar findings were also observed for the increase in the chlorophyll content of the tomato plant. The fungi mentioned above also contributed to the increase of soil macro (Ca, Mg, K, P) and micro (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) element contents, and to the improvement of soil available phosphorus amount (P2O5) with the increase in soil phosphorus content. Fungi inocula induced a statistically significant increase of soil micronutrient concentrations (p>0.05). Sodium (Na) concentration in saline soils did not change in inoculated-non-inoculated soils. These findings were interpreted as fungi inocula were not able to assimilate the salt from the soil, but they instead contributed to the release of macro and micro elements that were unavailable under saline conditions, possibly due to their metabolic activities. According to the results of soil analysis at the end of the experiment, it was revealed that the pH value was 7.72 in the control pots and 3.28 in the pots treated with Taloromyces funiculosus, and the EC value was 12.34 and 9.74 mS/m, respectively. Among the fungi studied, Taloromyces funiculosus was found to be more effective than other two fungi on decreasing soil salinity and increasing micronutrient availability to plants.
Root and stem rot caused by Fusarium solani on a new host, apricot
(2017) Derviş, Sibel; Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, Sibel; Ulubaş Serçe, Çiğdem; Department of Organic Agriculture / Organik Tarım Bölümü
Apricot plantations (Prunus armeniaca L.) in Malatya and Elazığ cover approximately ten thousand hectares with nearly 10 million trees. In a survey carried out in apricot production areas of Malatya and Elazığ provinces from April to November in 2015 and 2016, apricot trees displayed symptoms of yellowing, stunting, rotting of roots and basal stems, and wilting, especially on those with injuries. A severe brown discoloration of vascular tissue along the stems of infected trees was also observed. Tissues samples collected from symptomatic trees were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite and isolations were conducted on potato dextrose agar (PDA). A Fusarium sp. was consistently isolated from the roots and stems of diseased trees at Pötürge, Doğanşehir, Darende, Doğanyol, Akçadağ, Battalgazi and Baskil districts with 5.7, 10.0, 2.0, 3.3, 6.7, 6.7 and 6.7% incidence, respectively. All isolates obtained had white fluffy aerial hypha on PDA. Morphological characteristics of two types of conidia, macroconidia with three to five septate and microconidia with mostly non-septate to one septate, and chlamydospores produced pointed the fungal isolates to be Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. 1881 (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales). Microconidia were abundant and macroconidia were sparse on PDA. To confirm pathogenicity, 20 healthy 1-year-old wild apricot ‘Zerdali’ rootstock seedlings grown in pots (25 cm in diameter) with sterilized soil were used for two experiments. For the first experiments, a conidial suspension from one isolate (Fs3) cultivated on PDA plates at 28°C for 7 days was used for root inoculation of 6 plants by submerging roots for 20 min in a conidial suspension (5×105 conidia/ml). Four seedlings inoculated with sterile water were used as controls. After 1 month incubation in a greenhouse, dark brown lesions were observed in the inoculated mature roots but not in the control roots. Pathogenicity was also confirmed by stem inoculations of plants in the second experiments. Six plants were inoculated with one mycelium disk of Fs3 (1 cm diameter) each, and sterile PDA disks were placed on four additional plants as controls. The inoculation site was wrapped with Parafilm for 2 days, and then the film was removed. After 1 month, symptoms similar to those observed in the field developed on the trunks of all inoculated plants, while only slight scars formed on the control plants. F. solani was reisolated from all inoculated root and stem tissues. For species confirmation, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of rDNA of Fs3 isolate was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced. NCBI BLAST results of a 509-bp sequence shared 100% identity with those of many F. solani GenBank accessions previously reported. The new sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. MF536534). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani causing disease on this host plant, P. armeniaca, in Turkey and worldwide, which may help to establish the appropriate measures to control this disease.