Tarih Bölümü

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Ahmed Anzavur: Soldier, Governor, and Rebel. a Reevaluation of a Late Ottoman Military Man
(Oriental inst Czech Acad Sci, 2023) Yelbasi, Caner
Following the Russian conquest of the North Caucasus, many Muslims from the region were exiled to the Ottoman Empire from the 1860s onwards. They were settled in different parts of the empire from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Syria and Iraq vilayets. By following this policy, the Ottoman state ensured that many Circassians would become part of the Ottoman army, ruling elites, harems and agricultural workforce. Anzavur Ahmed's family was one of them. Although he did not graduate from military school, he participated in the army during the war in Libya (1911), the Balkan Wars (1912-1913), and the First World War (1914-1918). He was also appointed as the governor of Izmit (1920). Anzavur Ahmet is portrayed as a rebel by Turkish official historiography, but in reality, he was much more than that. He was an Ottoman Governor, and supported by Ottoman administrators such as Damad Ferid and Ali Kemal, who were against the Kuvayi Milliye because they believed that the empire would eventually emerge from the chaotic atmosphere of the post-First World War period and make an agreement with the British. This article argues that although Ahmed Anzavur has been labeled a rebel and a traitor according to the official historiography, it is difficult to use these labels given the circumstances of his time.
With the Whip Into the Dirty Orient: the Depiction of the Orient in Oskar Mann’s Travel Letters
(2021) Avcı, Remzi
The present article deals with the travel letters of the German orientalist Oskar Mann\r(1867-1917). With financial support from the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences,\rMann made two expeditions to the Ottoman Empire and Iran between 1901 and\r1906 to research the Iranian languages and dialects. Travel letters and travel diaries are texts with relatively subjective value judgments, in which people and cultures are often described using ethnocentric\rstereotypes, because a real journey represents a cultural encounter and confrontation with the other that offers unique and\rinvaluable information about the new world. The description of a foreign culture cannot be separated from the subjective\rvalue judgments of a traveller. This means the foreign world in which the traveller moves is represented by the subject who\rexperiences it. According to Mann, the Orientals are people from a place that has surrendered to the West. He separates\rthe Orient from the Occident with precise and sharp lines and divides them Eurocentrically into two separate categories.\rDuring his travels, Mann produced and imparted knowledge about the foreign cultures on the one hand, and on the other\rhand he spread and reinforced images and prejudices as well as stereotypes that led to the ontological differentiation\rbetween Orient and Occident. This essay tries to show that he perceived the Orient with hegemonic thought patterns and\rthat his foreign imagination remained deeply rooted in the classic European orientalist discourse of the 19th century, and\ras a consequence the Orient was devalued. This study discusses the stereotypes, images and pattern of ideas that he used\rto represent the population of the foreign country where he travelled

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