Konaklama İşletmeciliği Bölümü

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Conflict, insecurity and the political economies of higher education: The case of Syria post-2011
(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2018) Abedtalas, Musallam; Dillabough, Jo-Anne; Fimyar, Olena; McLaughlin, Colleen; Al-Azmeh, Zeina; Abdullateef, Shaher
This paper stems from a 12-month collaborative enquiry between a group of Syrian academics in exile in Turkey and academics from the University of Cambridge into the state of Syrian Higher Education after the onset of the conflict in 2011. The purpose of this paper is to draw on 19 open-ended interviews with exiled Syrian academics; two focus groups; mapping and timeline exercises; and 117 interviews collected remotely by collaborating Syrian academics with former colleagues and students who were still living inside Syria at the time of data collection. The findings of the research suggest that Syrian HE after 2011 was fragmented across regions; in some cases non-existent, and in others deemed to be in a state of reform in order to meet student needs. Key issues that emerged from this work are human rights’ abuses directed against academics and students including the detainment, purging and kidnapping of academics, an increased militarisation of university life and a substantive loss of academic and human capital. Design/methodology/approach – The overall design involved two workshops held in Turkey (in June and July, 2017) at which the Cambridge team explained the stages of undertaking qualitative research and planned the collaborative enquiry with Syrian co-researchers. The first workshop addressed the nature of qualitative research and explored the proposed methods of interviewing, using timelines and mapping. The instruments for interviewing were constructed in groups together and mapping was undertaken with the 21 Syrian academics in exile who attended the workshop. Syrian academics also built their own research plans as a way of expanding the consultation dimension of this project inside Syria, engaged in survey and interview protocol planning and discussed ways to access needed documentation which could be drawn upon to enrich the project. The Syrian coresearchers interviewed remotely HE staff and students who had remained in, or recently left, Syria; the key criterion for group or participant selection was that they had recent and relevant experience of Syrian HE. The second workshop focused on data analysis and writing up. There was also wide consultation with participants inside and outside Syria. As part of the research, the Cambridge team conducted open-ended interviews with 19 Syrian academics and students living in exile in Turkey. This involved interviewing Syrian scholars about their experiences of HE, policy changes over time and their experiences of displacement. The researchers developed this protocol prior to the capacity-building workshops based on previous research experience on academic and student displacement, alongside extensive preparation on the conditions of Syrian HE, conflict and displacement. In addition to interviewing, a pivotal element of methodological rigour was that the authors sought to member check what participants were learning through mapping and timeline exercises and extensive note-taking throughout both workshops. The major issues that the authors confronted were ethical concerns around confidentiality, the need to ensure rigourously the protection of all participants’ anonymity and to be extremely mindful of the political sensitivity of issues when interviewing participants who may not feel able to fully trust “outsider” researchers. Issues of social trust have been reported in the literature as one of the most significant drawbacks in conducting research in “conflict environments” (see Cohen and Arieli, 2011) where academics and students have been working and/or studying in autocratic regimes or were operating within political contexts where being open or critical of any form of institutional life such as university work or the nation could cost them their jobs or their lives. Findings – The accounts of Syrian academics and students emerging from this work point to some of the state-building expressions of HE manifested in the shaping of professional and personal experiences, the condition and status of HE, its spatial arrangements and their associated power formations, and resulting infeelings of intense personal and professional insecurity among Syrian scholars and students since 2011. While acknowledging that the Syrian situation is deemed one of the worst humanitarian crises in the region in recent decades, these accounts resonate, if in different ways, with other studies of academics and students who have experienced highly centralised and autocratic states and tightly regulated HE governance regimes (Barakat and Milton, 2015; Mazawi, 2011). Originality/value – Currently, there is virtually no research on the status and conditions of higher education in Syria as a consequence of the war, which commenced in 2011. This work presents a first-person perspective from Syrian academics and students on the state of HE since the onset of the conflict. The major contribution of this work is the identification of key factors shaping conflict and division in HE, alongside the political economies of HE destruction which are unique to the Syrian war and longstanding forms of authoritarian state governance
The Determinants of Tourism Demand in Turkey
(AHM International, 2015) Abedtalas, Musallam
Using data oftheinboundtourist arrivalsto Turkeyfrom France, Germany,UK, US,andNetherlands over the period 1986-2012, we appliedautoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to test for cointegration, and we estimated long run model anderror correction model for tourism demand. The results referred that the most significant factor determines inboundtourist flows arethereal per capita income and realeffective exchange. We found weakeffects for price and financial crisis, but the political events playedastrong role differed from country to other.The added value of this article is the estimation of international tourism demandinTurkey using new approach and the newest data for Turkey
The Factors of Residents' Support for Sustainable Tourism Development
(AHM International, 2016) Abedtalas, Musallam; Toprak, Lokamn
In this paper we examined the factors of residents’ support for sustainable tourism development in Mardin city-Turkey, in the context of gender as social structure. We found that people are sensitive about positive and negative effects of tourism, in association with society attachment and involvement, with bigger role for the later. And the perceptions of positive effects reduce their evaluation of the negative effects. Also we found that women are less active in transforming their attitude toward the effects of tourism to behavior toward sustainable tourism. But they are ready, more than men, to support sustainable tourism and ignore its negative effects, in spite of their higher sensitivity for the negative effects. So we recommend raising the role of local community and giving women more chances in the different levels of tourism activities.
The Impacts of Level of Using Social Media On Restaurant ChoiceThrough Social Media
(ULUSLARARASI EKONOMİ, SİYASET VE YÖNETİM SEMPOZYUMU, 2017) AYKOL, Şehmus; YARIŞ, Ahmet
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social media on individuals’ choice of restaurants. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to answer research questions. Primary data principally obtained through the questionnaires while as secondary data sources, related past studies were utilized as theoretical background and literature review. An online questionnaire survey was conducted in February and March 2017. An invitation message with the online questionnaire URL (link) was posted on a number of online people through social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter, and Forums. Researchers used the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) approach for testing hypothesis. The analysis showed that three factors; Reliability, Searching for Product & Services, and Searching Information did significantly predict value of individuals’ choice of restaurant on social media while they are on a trip, and two factors; Reliability, and Searching for Product and Services did significantly predict value of individuals’ choice of restaurant on social media while they are in hometown.
Last Chance Before It’s Gone: Last Chance Tourism on Hasankeyf
(THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON FUTURE OF TOURISM, 2017) AYKOL, Şehmus; ALTÜRK, Abdulvahap; YARIŞ, Ahmet; ARIK YÜKSEL, Tuğba
Last chance tourism also known “doom tourism”, “extinction tourism”, “climate tourism”, “doomsday tourism”, “climate change tourism”, “climate change voyeurism”, “disappearing or vanishing tourism”, “dying tourism”, and “endangered tourism” is an emerging tourism segment for disappearing destinations (Piggott-McKellar and McNamara,2016; Eijgelaar, Thaper and Peeters, 2010; Lemelin, Dawson and Stewart, 2013; Wilson et al., 2014; Lemelin et al., 2010) . Tourists involve in this kind of tourism have a desire to see the places that will soon disappear or to witness disappearing species (Lemelin et al., 2010). Hasankeyf, which is in danger of being submerged in the Ilısu Dam Project’s reservoir lake, has positioned it as a last chance tourism destination. It is one of the places that tourists travel to experience before it is gone. However, there is no empirical evidence has identified that this is actually occurring. This article will explore if tourists are motivated to visit Hasankeyf to see it before it’s gone. Situated on the banks of Tigris River Hasankeyf has been an important settlement through history. It has been home to every major Mesopotamian civilization, and it has witnessed huge transformations over its long life-span, from a Byzantine bishopric to an Arab fortress and an outpost in the Ottoman Empire (Holloway, 2014). Standing as a guard for centuries over the Anatolian Peninsula at the gate of northern Mesopotamia (Perrier, 2008; Stern, 2008), Hasankeyf fulfills 9 out of 10 criteria’s of UNESCO’s natural and cultural evaluation (Kocabaş, 2013), but unfortunately today it faces its greatest threat, one that challenges its very existence. The main issue the authors are addressing in this research is to explore if visitors are motivated to visit Hasankeyf to see it before it’s gone. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to answer research questions. Primary data principally obtained through the questionnaire while as secondary data sources, related past studies were utilized as theoretical background and literature review (Piggott et al., 2016; Kvasova, 2011; Kang & Moscardo, 2006; Miller, Merrilees & Coghla, 2014). The questionnaire was established after a profound analysis of literature review and was newly developed which consisted of three parts. The first set of the questions consisted of sixteen items and were composed to measure visit motivations of Hasankeyf. Twelve questions were composed to measure to what extent the participants were responsible visitors. The third part of the questionnaire consisted of questions related to demographics of participants. All variables were carried out by a five-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). An online questionnaire survey was conducted in June, July and August 2017. Since summer is low season in Hasankeyf, it was very difficult to find on site visitor in the destination. Therefore, an invitation message with the online questionnaire URL was posted on a number of people, who had visited Hasankeyf thus far, through social media tools such as Forums, Facebook, and Twitter. Besides, the online questionnaire was sent to people who had visited Hasankeyf via e-mail. Mailing list was obtained from the tour guides of Hasankeyf region. Sixty questionnaire were evaluated as a pre-test in order to determine whether the questionnaire was understood by the respondents and was reliable. After factor analysis one item from the visit motivations was extracted from the survey. Cronbach Alpha for the first set of questionnaire was determined as 0,828 and 0,904 for the second part of the questionnaire. A total of 302 responses were collected in the research. According to demographic variables; the participants are mostly female with a slight different, mostly aged between 36-45. Most of the participants (57.6%) are single, 28% of those earn between 1500-3000 TL. Majority of respondents (64.2%) have bachelor degree. Most of the respondents came to Hasankeyf with friends. They were asked if they came by tour, individually, business or school trip. Most of them came individually, without accommodation (82%). This is most likely because there are not enough accommodation facilities in Hasankeyf, so most of the people came from the surrounding cities for daily trip. Participants were asked to select how important sixteen motivations influenced them to travel to Hasankeyf. As mentioned above a factor analysis was set to simplify these motivations for comparison. According to factor analysis, they were grouped into three categories; 1-“last chance visit”, 2-“enrichment”, and 3-“non-Hasankeyf-focused”. Enrichment was the top motivation of travel with 3.99 mean value, followed by last chance visit with a slight different of 3.97 mean value. The lowest ranking motivation was non-Hasankeyf-focused dimension with a mean value of 2.57. When comparing mean values of three motivations, it was identified that “last chance visit” was the second motivation with a high level of 3.97. The people who rated “last chance visit” more than 3 points out of 5 Likert scale were considered as “last chance visitor” (LCV). It was found that last chance visitors are almost a fifty-fifty women to men ratio, mostly aged between 18 to 35 (78.5%). Majority of the LCV have bachelor degree or higher (86.2%), were daily visitor (81.2%) and have less than 3000 TL family income (52.5%). 56.3% of LCV were single, mostly came to Hasankeyf individually (74.7%) with friends (88.6%). The researchers checked for normality test, and it was found that data was not normally distributed according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test result (p<0.05). Thus, non-parametric tests –Mann-Whitney-U (test for two groups) and Kruskal Wallis (test for more than two groups) - were employed to analyze the data. Mann-Whitney-U test results indicated that there is no statistically significant difference between gender variable and visit motivations of Hasankeyf since p>0.05. Considering marital status there is statistically significant difference for “Enrichment” and “Non-Hasankeyf Focused” dimensions (p<0.05). Singles are relatively more motivated by enrichment and non-Hasankeyf focused reasons compared to married people. However there is no significant difference for “last chance visit” dimension (p>0.05) in terms of marital status. Kruskal-Wallis test shows that there is significant difference between age groups and visit motivations. 18-25 aged visitors have a low level of interest in last chance to experience, but have a high level of motivation like visiting Hasankeyf to spend time with friends and family, adventure, etc. On the contrary, visitors older than 46 have a high level of interest in last chance to experience. Kruskal-Wallis test for education variable reveals that there is no significant difference between education levels and visit motivations. It is also worth noting that visitors who have family income of less than 3000TL have high level of interest in “enrichment” and “non-Hasankeyf-focused” motivations. However, there is no evidence that there is a statistically significant difference between “last chance visit” motivation and income level. The main purpose of this paper is to examine if the visitors are motivated to visit Hasankeyf for last chance experience. Statistical analysis show that there is no statistical significance between “last chance visit” motivation and demographic characteristics. It is also of interest to note that the level of concern about last chance to experience is high regarding the visitors ranking of “last chance visit” motivation. The data revealed that 86.4% of the respondents are considerably motivated to travel to Hasankeyf before it’s flooded under Ilısu Dam reservoir. This research contributes to the limited empirical studies identifying that visitors are motivated by last chance to experience, or visit destinations before they disappear. The last chance tourism phenomenon has been commonly linked to global warming or climate change. This paper is the first to identify that “last chance tourism” is occurring in a destination which is directly being destroyed by human hand because of financial concerns. Further studies needs to be conducted to identify the possible impacts of shareholders in the disappearing destinations.
PRO POOR TOURISM IN MARDIN
(2018) Abedtalas, Musallam; Toprak, Lokman
We did our best to meet the benefits of pro poor tourism based on a series of aspects. On the one hand, the theoretical studies which try to explore pro poor tourism as a concept, to define it, find its theoretical roots in the specialized literature referring to growth and development, and to evaluate the ability of tourism to be pro poor by using its own characteristics. On the other hand, the empirical studies, which are very scarce, tried to measure the role of tourism in poverty alleviation both at a macro and micro level. At the micro level, they studied the activities which had the formal task of being pro poor. However, no one tried to measure the extent to which tourism activities are pro poor by themselves, without any formal task or plan.
Pro Poor Tourism in Mardin
(International Journal of Communication Research, 2018) TOPRAK, Lokman; ABEDTALAS, Musallam; AYKOL, Şehmus; Toprak, Lokman
We did our best to meet the benefits of pro poor tourism based on a series of aspects. On the one hand, the theoretical studies which try to explore pro poor tourism as a concept, to define it, find its theoretical roots in the specialized literature referring to growth and development, and to evaluate the ability of tourism to be pro poor by using its own characteristics. On the other hand, the empirical studies, which are very scarce, tried to measure the role of tourism in poverty alleviation both at a macro and micro level. At the micro level, they studied the activities which had the formal task of being pro poor. However, no one tried to measure the extent to which tourism activities are pro poor by themselves, without any formal task or plan.
THE RELATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL LABOR, JOB BURNOUT AND INTENTION TO TURNOVER: A RESEARCH ON TRAVEL AGENCY WORKERS
(ECONOMIE ŞI SOCIOLOGIE / ECONOMY AND SOCIOLOGY, 2015) Toprak, Lokman, Gülseren Özaltaş Serçek, Ayhan Karakaş, Sadık Serçek; Toprak, Lokman
The aim of this study is to show the relation between emotional labor, job burnout and intention to turnover of travel agency workers, and to develop appropriate suggestions in the light of obtained findings. For this aim, a survey is applied to travel agency workers which is one of the emotional labor- intensive jobs. According to the results of this research, emotional labor behaviors of travel agency workers influence job burnout negatively and their level of job burnout influences intention to turnover positively. However, any relation between emotional labor and intention to turnover was not found.
THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF UNIVERSITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON BUILDING ORGANIZATIONAL REPUTATION: THE CASE OF MARDIN ARTUKLU UNIVERSITY
(MAU, 2019) Abedtalas, Musallam
This article investigates the stakeholder's recognition for the Mardin Artuklu University's activities relating to social responsibility and its impact on the university's organizational reputation. Using data collected from a straddle sample of 919 persons of stakeholders of the university, we carried out ANOVA, two independent samples t test and multiple linear regression. The results suggest that there is less than medium level of recognition, the administrative staff has the highest level of recognition between the stakeholders and the social responsibility, in general, has very important role in building the organizational reputation for the university, with different levels of importance for the different fields of practicing social responsibility
The State of Higher Education in Syria Pre-2011
(Cara, 2019) Abedtalas, Musallam
Higher education will play a key role in rebuilding Syria – a country torn apart by more than seven years of war and destruction – and will be crucial to rebuilding both the lives of those who have remained in Syria and of those who will return. It is our hope, as members of the joint Cambridge and Syrian team who undertook this project, that the report will contribute to that reconstruction by informing the debate on future reform. The purpose of this project is threefold: • To assist displaced Syrian academics living in Turkey (henceforward known as the Syrian research team, or co-researchers) by conducting a collaborative enquiry with colleagues from the University of Cambridge Faculty of Education, in order to build the co-researchers’ capacity by introducing them to, and engaging them in, a qualitative study of higher education in Syria. • To facilitate the continued contribution of Syrian academics in exile to addressing the challenges facing Syria • To inform strategic planning on the future of Syria’s higher education sector, by providing a background study on higher education in Syria in the lead-up to the 2011 crisis
Syrian higher education and social capital in times of conflict
(University College London, 2020) Abedtalas, Musallam
This paper explores the role of higher education (HE) in fostering social capital as a means of building a sustainable peace in Syria. We draw on a qualitative study in Northeast Syria to argue that the HE sector is currently playing a negative to weak role in developing social capital as it is highly politicised and suffers from outdated curricula and unsuitable teaching approaches.
Syrian Higher Education post 2011:
(Cara, 2019) Abedtalas, Musallam
This report details a collaborative enquiry, carried out by Syrian academics in exile in Turkey and academics from the University of Cambridge Faculty of Education, into the state of Syrian higher education (HE) post-2011. It was designed as a learning activity and a collaborative study and included two capacity-building workshops on data collection, research ethics and qualitative research methodologies run by the Cambridge research team members for their Syrian colleagues. Each contributed their unique knowledge, understanding and expertise to the undertaking, critical to which was the Syrian coresearchers’ reach back to former university colleagues and students still active in HE inside Syria. The Syrian and Cambridge team members jointly conducted the enquiry over a 12-month period, between 2017 and 2018. The nature, complexities and characteristics of undertaking research in conflict settings, particularly where people are dislocated and fearful, constituted a challenging learning experience for Syrian and Cambridge researchers alike. Due to the absence of reliable data on the state of Syrian HE post-2011, the literature review made use of grey literature1 reports on Syrian HE and where possible, some first person accounts that were reported through media outlets as well as in research reports. We have endeavoured to choose reports that are from reputable sources but are fully cognisant of the limitations of such an approach and have sought where possible to corroborate these.
Testimonies of Syrian Academic Displacement Post-2011: Time, place and the agentic self
(Elsevier, 2020) Abedtalas, Musallam; Alokla, Wissam Aldin
This article explores the experiences of protracted displacement in a group of 19 displaced Syrian academics now living in Turkey who are often referred to as the ‘precariat’ – that is, a group or collective of people who are living in conditions of high unpredictability, insecurity and uncertainty. As part of a small-scale collaborative professional enquiry semi-structured interviews with these academics were conducted to understand the social, affective and professional experiences, needs and concerns of the academics during and after their forced displacement. The key concepts of ‘precarity’ and ‘crises of selfhood’ alongside memory and testimony, inform the analysis. This article seeks to provide an account of this collective experience and its complex character and concludes with observations on how one might understand the constraints on professional agency and how might one support displaced academics in such contexts. Solidarity in exile and the development of political friendships are argued for as a principle to inform all work.
Tourism and Economic Growth in Turkey: Disaggregated Approach
(2017) Abedtalas, Musallam
To enhance our understand of the relationship between tourism and economic growth, we used quarterly data ofTurkey between 2003q1-2014q4, disaggregated tourism variable into many segments according to tourismmotivation and tested the hypothesis that different segments of tourism have different effects on economic growth.We used Johansen co-integration test, estimated Error Correction Model ECM, and found a long rung causationfrom tourism segments to economic growth, but we did not find short term causation. By estimating the long runmodel, we found that different segments of tourism have different effects on economic growth. The most importantsegment was leisure tourism followed by business tourism. Visiting relatives has insignificant effect, while shoppingtourism has negative and insignificant effect. The results affirmed our hypothesis. The added value of our article ismixing microeconomic and macroeconomic approach in studying TLG.
The Views of Tourism Studying Students About Benefits Provided By Tourism
(Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2012) Özaltaş, Gülseren Sadık Serçek, Azize Hassan
Tourism is a service sector based on customer satisfaction and is searching conditions for providing satisfaction and quality of service. In tourism, the provider and the receiver of service are in the focus. The profession of tourism requires a dedication and sacrifice because it is stands over a superior and perfect base and dealing with different cultures and nations and has a heavy work conditions and smiling faces and tolerance. The staff in tourism sector can show this dedication and sacrifice just only in the case when they see their professions useful and so that they love it. This study was conducted with a purpose of determining the recognitions of the stundents who are receiving tourism education in the secondary and undergraduate education in the cities of Diyarbakır, Mardin and Ankara towards the benefits provided by tourism’s profession. It was seen that the views of men were more positive than those of women with no difference was seen between the groups in terms of all dimensions according factor of sex. According to the cities where they are receiving education, the views of students about benefits of tourism showed differences in terms of social and physical dimensions but didnot show difference in economic dimension. According to the cities where they are living, the views of students about benefits of tourism showed differences in terms of social, physical and economic dimensions. A difference was seen in terms of social and economic dimensions in the views of students about benefits of tourism according to their working experience in tourism sector but with no difference was seen in terms of physical dimension, the views of students who worked before in tourism sector is more positive than those who never worked in tourism in terms of all dimensions.
'We are still here': The stories of Syrian academics in exile
(2018) Abedtalas, Musallam
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to generate insight into the experiences of Syrian academics in exile in Turkey; and second, to explore approaches to collaboration and community building among academics in exile and with counterparts in the international academic community. Design/methodology/approach – The study employs a hybrid visual-autobiographical narrative methodology, embedded within a large group process (LGP) design. Findings – Findings are presented in two phases: the first phase presents a thematic analysis of narrative data, revealing the common and divergent experiences of 12 exiled academics. The second phase presents a reflective evaluation of undertaking the LGP and its implications for community building and sustaining Syrian academia in exile. Research limitations/implications – While this is a qualitative study with a small participant group, and therefore does not provide a basis for statistical generalisation, it offers rich insight into Syrian academics’ lived experiences of exile, and into strategies implemented to support the Syrian academic community in exile. Practical implications – The study has practical implications for academic development in the contexts of conflict and exile; community building among dispersed academic communities; educational interventions by international NGOs and the international academic community; and group process design. Originality/value – The study makes an original contribution to the limited literature on post-2011 Syrian higher education by giving voice to a community of exiled academics, and by critically evaluating a strategic initiative for supporting and sustaining Syrian academia. This represents significant, transferable insight for comparable contexts

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