Kızıltepe Meslek Yüksekokulu

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DROUGHT TOLERANCE INDICES OF SELECTED LANDRACES AND BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) GENOTYPES DERIVED FROM SYNTHETIC WHEATS
(APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2016) Aktaş , Hüsnü
The present study was performed to determine performance of selected four synthetic derived bread wheat genotypes, four bread wheat landraces and four modern wheat genotypes under rain-fed and supplemented irrigation experiments based on randomized complete block design with four replications at GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center, Diyarbakır, Turkey in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing seasons. According to results of pairwise correlation and biplot analysis, significant and positive correlation was observed between grain yield in stress condition (Ys) and stress tolerant index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), harmonic productivity (HM), yield stability index (YSI), yield index (YI), drought resistance index (DI) and stress non-stress production index (SNPI) indicating these indices can be used as parameters for evaluating drought tolerant genotypes. Negative correlation between grain yield in stress (Ys) with SSI and no correlation with TOL indicated that these indices should be used in severe drought conditions for screening genotypes. Number seed in spike (NSS), plant height (PH) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) correlated with grain yield in stress conditions (Ys) according to biplot analysis, also genotypes with lower reduction relating to these traits had higher yield in stress conditions. According to results SEN-DER genotypes G7, G10, landrace group genotype G11 (Sorık) were determined as the most tolerant genotypes to be used to improve drought tolerant varieties, while modern wheat genotypes G4 (Ceyhan-99) and G2 (Tekin) were high productive in irrigation conditions and low productive in rain-fed conditions.
THE EFFECTS OF NICKE L APPLICATIONS ON TH E GROWTH OF COCKLEBUR ( XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L.) PLANT
(APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2019) Eren, abdullah
Nowadays the environmental pollution caused by heavy metals is spreading all over the world, especially where the industry is developing rapidly, and soils are polluted very dramatically and hazardously at a high level. In this study, cocklebur-(Xanthium strumarium L.) plants were grown in nickel (Ni) contaminated soil (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg Ni kg-1) under greenhouse conditions for 6 weeks to study the ability of Ni uptake and accumulation of the plants. The Ni treated plants were compared with the control (0 mg Ni kg-1) plant. As a result of that comparison, chlorophyll levels of old and young leaves, dry weights, reduced glutathione (GSH), macronutrient concentrations, such as nitrogen (N), phosphor (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)) and micronutrient concentrations, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) nutrient concentrations of the plants were decreased, whilst the concentrations of Ni and of copper (Cu) increased with increasing dose of Ni application. The results show that the studied plant (Xanthium strumarium L.) can be used for the cleaning up of Ni-contaminated soils and is suitable for phytoremediation.
GREEN SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs) FROM MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
(APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2019) Eren, abdullah; BARAN, Mehmet Fırat
In recent years, the biosynthesis (green synthesis) of metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become one of the safest, most cost-effective and environmentally friendly approaches. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. For the characterization of synthesized AgNPs different techniques were used, such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermal gravimetric and Differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The XRD results showed that AgNPs had a mean diameter of 12.63 nm and a crystal-like appearance. In addition, antimicrobial activities of synthesized AgNPs were evaluated using 3 different antibiotics against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Candida albicans yeast. Antifungal activity of AgNPs with antibiotics has been observed to be better than the antibiotics against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were found to be 0.084, 0.337 and 0.021 mg mL-1 for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, respectively. The results revealed that AgNPs synthesized from maize leaf extract have antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against Candida albicans yeast, and that the produced AgNPs could be used in the production of biomedical products and in the pharmaceutical industry.
Physiological, agronomical and quality response of bread wheat to phosphorus application under dryland condition
(APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2019) Kızılgeçi, Ferhat
An understanding of physiological and agronomical traits associated with high grain yield and efficiency of phosphorususe is important to the improvement of genotypes underdrylandconditions. An experiment was conducted toevaluate the influence of differentiated phosphorus fertilization rate on the yield and quality of wheat at the experimental farm, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing seasons. The experiment was consisted offive treatments comprising of five phosphorus(P2O5)levels (0 kg ha−1, 30 kgha−1, 60 kg ha−1, 90 kg ha−1and 120 kg ha−1). It was observed that phosphoruslevels exhibited significant differences to the grainnumbersper m2, grain weight and grain yield ha-1, as well as tostarch content and protein content in the first season. There was no significant effect of phosphorus on all studied grain yield and qualitycharacters in the second season.The improvementingrain yield was significantly associated with the increase in the values of grainnumber, accordingly, thecoefficients of grain number and grain yield showed that grain number had a positive and direct effect on grain yield suggestinga criteria traitto enhanceyield.It was concluded that the highest grain yield of wheat crop was obtained with 120 kgha-1P2O5and it showedcomparatively better performance than another treatment under investigation
TRACING HIGHLY ADAPTED STABLE YIELDING BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR GREATLY VARIABLE SOUTH-EASTERN TURKEY
(APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 2016) Aktaş , Hüsnü
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely adapted and cultivated cereal grain in the world. In 2013 cropping season, wheat was harvested on 1.3, 7.8, and 214 million ha in south-eastern Turkey, Turkey and World, respectively. Breeding programs in the Turkey have achieved tremendous gains in grain yield over past two decades. However, yield fluctuated over the years due to change in environmental conditions and genotype by environment interactions. Therefore, this study was conducted with overall objectives to identify high yielding and stable candidate genotypes for release in south-eastern Turkey. A total of 25 genotypes with 20 advanced experimental lines and five check cultivars were planted at 10 locations in south-eastern Turkey in 2010-11 cropping season. Grain yield stability was determined using Eberhart and Russel, AMMI and GGE -biplot methods. Based on these results G1, G12, G13 and G19 were identified as the potential candidate genotypes for release. GGE-biplot classified south-eastern Turkey into two mega-environments. AMMI and GGE biplot explained 86.49% and 86.43% of the total variation for grain yield, respectively. These result suggested that all three methods were equally efficient in determining the stability of the genotype. However, the GGE biplot methodology is more preferred than AMMI and Eberhart and Russel because it facilitates clearly visualize which-won-where pattern and the discriminating ability of environments.

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