İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü

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    Article
    A Liberal Feminist Analysis of George Bernard Shaw’s "Mrs Warren’s Profession"
    (2021) Alkan, Halit
    The patriarchal society gives legal rights, economic power, and proper education only to men so that women are financially dependent on men for a living. When women demand freedom and legal rights, the basis of feminism appears. This study applies liberal feminist approach to George Bernard Shaw’s "Mrs. Warren’s Profession" (1893) to analyse the gender roles in terms of patriarchal ideology of separate spheres. Not receiving proper education to acquire a profession in the patriarchal society, the main character, Mrs. Kitty Warren, becomes a prostitute and then a brothel mistress to gain economic power in a public sphere. She is conventional at heart, like women in a private sphere because she wants her young daughter, Vivie, not to work in the public sphere but to marry the rich, middle-aged Crofts, who is her business-partner of brothels. Being grown up in boarding schools, Vivie Warren, representing the ‘New Woman’ type, shakes hands with men, smokes cigarettes, has knowledge of mathematics, graduates from Cambridge, and has the physical strength and intelligence to work in the public sphere. Therefore, she refuses her mother’s money and marriage proposals. This study asserts that women and men have no innate difference in terms of mental capacity, but women face prejudices imposed by the patriarchal society. Women are not allowed to take the same education as men to acquire a profession in the public sphere, and by this way, they are imprisoned in the private sphere.
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    Article
    A Structuralist Approach to Harold Pinter’s "The Dumb Waiter"
    (2022) Alkan, Halit
    Structuralism is an approach that seeks to decode the encoded whole consisting of a system to explore a textual work’s deep structure from the surface structure. This study analyses Harold Pinter’s “The Dumb Waiter” (1960) according to the structuralist approach. The harmony of the play’s deep structure performs on binary opposition between Ben and Gus who repeat mechanical behaviours and conversations since they are imprisoned for a while in a narrow space. Concrete mechanical elements such as the lavatory and the dumb waiter also repeat the same activities. Although the play is over, the melody continues since Ben and Gus are given no role other than being hitmen and victims. As for the deep meaning, individuals who appear as a functional part of the mechanism show the possibility that the oppressive mechanism may become inoperable as a result of questioning the mechanism.
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    Article
    A Structuralist Approach to Women’s Position in George Moore’s "Esther Waters"
    (2020) Alkan, Halit
    Structuralism defines the relationship between the part and the whole. This study aims to analyse George Moore’s "Esther Waters" (1894) in terms of structuralist approach. The surface structure of the novel focuses on Esther raising her son alone. In terms of syntagmatic relation, Esther has an extramarital sexual intercourse with William, raises her son alone, but finally marries William. In terms of paradigmatic relation, there is homology of relationship between Esher and William who are orphans and start work at early ages. Education and motherhood become explicit signs in the deep structure: While the signifier is education, the signified is profession; and while the signifier is motherhood, the signified is self-sacrifice. As for the deep structure, its harmony operates on binary opposition between ‘being as a subject’ and ‘being as an object’. As a ‘being as a subject’, Esther makes a choice by having an extramarital sexual intercourse, takes its action by giving birth to her son, and takes its responsibility by struggling for her son. Its melody operates on the fixed cycle of getting married. The novel ends but its melody continues because women will continue to be deprived of education and professions that will provide financial freedom. As for the deep meaning, there is no innate difference between men and women in terms of mental capacity, but there are prejudices imposed by the male-dominated society on women who are left with no choice but to marry and have only the role of a wife and mother in society.