Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim Bölümü Koleksiyonu
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Article Citation - WoS: 28Citation - Scopus: 28The characterization of phenolic compounds via LC-ESI-MS/MS, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory activities of Salvia absconditiflora, Salvia sclarea, and Salvia palaestina: A comparative analysis(ScienceDirect, 2022) Önder, Alev; İzgi, Mehmet Necat; Cinar, Ahsen Sevda; Zengin, Gökhan; Yılmaz, Mustafa AbdullahAbstract Salvia L. genus, one of the medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is represented by many endemic species in temperate regions worldwide. The Salvia species have plenty of usages in traditional medicine, important pharmacological effects and economic value. In this context, this study was conducted to evaluate the chemical profile and potential bioactivity of ethyl acetate extracts from 3 different Salvia species; Salvia absconditiflora (Salvia cryptantha- an endemic species), S. sclarea and S. palaestina collected from different localities in Anatolia. Total phenolic-flavonoid contents, antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibition experiments were investigated in tested Salvia species. The phenolic profiles were also determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The analysis revealed the presence of phenolic compounds in ethyl acetate extracts such as cynaroside, rosmarinic acid, cosmosiin, luteolin, apigenin and acacetin. The highest level of phenolic components was detected in S. absconditiflora with 74.16 mg GAE/g. The best radical scavenging and reducing abilities were found in S. absconditiflora (DPPH: 251.39 mg TE/g; ABTS: 340.16 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 496.20 mg TE/g; FRAP: 322.94 mg TE/g). Moreover, the inhibition of AChE, BChE, and α-amylase has also been studied. The most potent AChE inhibitory ability was recorded in S. sclarea (4.00 mg GALAE/g), followed by S. palaestina (3.38 mg GALAE/g) and S. absconditiflora (3.01 mg GALAE/g). The extracts exhibited similar amylase inhibitory effects. These results reveal that Salvia species [S. absconditiflora (S. cryptantha), S. sclarea and S. palaestina] confirming their potential can be rich sources of promising bioactive compounds as a starting point for further analysis. In addition, it is thought that this study may be the new report for the construction of helpful databases in terms of shedding light on future research and researchers with the valuable information obtained about these economically important Salvia species.Article Citation - WoS: 55Citation - Scopus: 66Comparing durum wheat cultivars by genotype x yield x trait and genotype x trait biplot method(CHILEAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, 2019) Kendal, EnverThe specification of the most convenient cultivars based on multiple trait indices is a new approach in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) adaptation and stability studies. This approach helps to define the best cultivar based on multiple traits and multiple locations because cultivars are affected by unpredictable climatic conditions. Some traits (ears per square meter, spike length, number of grains per spike, spike yield, and leaf chlorophyll content among others) can be produced for primary breeding purposes because they are influenced by environmental factors and indirectly affect grain yield and quality. Therefore, in the present study, the new genotype × yield trait (GYT) biplot approach was used to identify the best cultivar among 10 durum wheat cultivars based on multiple environments (8) and multiple traits (18). Cultivar ranking was examined by a superiority index that combined yield and other target traits with the GYT biplot. The general adaptability of each cultivar in terms of all the traits indicated differences based on environment means, and significant differences were found between varieties for the GYT biplot. In the GYT biplot, yield-trait combinations clearly indicated the most stable cultivars, whereas in the genotype × trait (GT) biplot, the best cultivars were not defined for all traits. ‘Sariçanak’ was ranked as the best combination of physio-morphological traits with grain yield, ‘Zühre’ was the best for more quality traits, and ‘Güneyyildizi’ was the best for both physio-morphological and quality traits in the GYT biplot. The GYT biplot combines traits with yield and can help the visual identification of the best cultivars; it is better than the GT biplot method.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 6Effect of Different Harvest Dates to Essential Oil Components of Oil-Bearing Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) in Mardin(Taylor & Francis Online, 2022) İzgi, Mehmet NecatRosa damascena Mill. is the most prominent rose source for the manufacturing of rose oil, rose water, concrete, and absolute from flower petals. The purpose of this study was to see how different harvest dates affected the essential oil components and rates obtained from flowers in oil rose planted for the first time in Turkey's Mardin Province. Blossoms were taken five times with three replications, at around one-week intervals, from a garden in the Yaylabaşı district at 6:00 a.m. (4, 11, 18, 24, and 31 May). Animal manure and leonardite were used instead of chemical fertilizers for plants. No chemical pesticides have been applied. Essential oil components of the oils obtained by a water distillation system (Clevenger apparatus) were determined by GC/MS. The citronellol ratio, which is the most important component for the quality of the essential oil in the plant, was found to be highest (35.90%) in the first harvest period and lowest in the last harvest period (17.57%). Geraniol levels decreased in the first three harvests, with the greatest level (27.16%) coming in the last harvest. The percentages of citronellol/geraniol varied between 1.51 and 0.65 depending on the different harvest dates. Nerol rates peaked at 15.44% on the first harvest, progressively declined until the fourth harvest (7.92%), then slightly increased on the fifth harvest. Nonadecane continuously increased from the first to the last harvest (4.10%-11.66%). No methyl eugenol was detected. Mardin is a promising location for oil-bearing rose cultivation, given the essential oil components and their ratios.Article Effects of different nitrogen doses on thymoquinone and fatty acid composition in seed oil of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)(AOCS AND WILEY, 2021) İzgi, Mehmet NecatBlack cumin,Nigella sativaL. belonging to Ranunculaceae, is a valuablemedicinal plant because of the curative effects of seed and oil. Despite studieson black cumin, there are few studies on the effects of nitrogen on fatty acidcomposition, no records on thymoquinone yield, and the thymoquinone contentof the seed oil. In this study, the effects of different nitrogen doses on the seedoil yield, thymoquinone ratio/yield, and fatty acid compositions were investi-gated. Field studies with nitrogen doses (0, 40, 60, 80, and 100 kg/ha) werestudied using the randomized plot design. As a result of the research, nitrogendoses significantly affected the oil and thymoquinone yields while insignificanton the thymoquinone ratio. The highest oil yield with 501.6 kg/ha was obtainedfrom 80 kg/ha of the nitrogen doses, while the highest thymoquinone yield with10.24 kg/ha was obtained from the control plots. Thymoquinone yields were inthe same statistical group with other nitrogen doses, except for means of100 kg/ha nitrogen doses. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were major fattyacids of black cumin, and their variations were insignificant in nitrogen applica-tions. The values of butyric, capric, and linolenic acids varied significantly in dif-ferent nitrogen doses. As a result of the study, it was determined that thehighest oil yield was obtained from 80 kg/ha nitrogen application. It has beendetermined that nitrogen doses above 60–80 kg/ha should be avoided for theseed oil and thymoquinone yields in black cumin.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 9Effects of different nitrogen doses on thymoquinone and fatty acid composition in seed oil of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.)(JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2021) Telci, İsa; Izgi, Mehmet Necat; Ozek, Temel; Yasak, Selma; Yur, Suleyman; Ozek, GulmiraBlack cumin, Nigella sativa L. belonging to Ranunculaceae, is a valuable medicinal plant because of the curative effects of seed and oil. Despite studies on black cumin, there are few studies on the effects of nitrogen on fatty acid composition, no records on thymoquinone yield, and the thymoquinone content of the seed oil. In this study, the effects of different nitrogen doses on the seed oil yield, thymoquinone ratio/yield, and fatty acid compositions were investigated. Field studies with nitrogen doses (0, 40, 60, 80, and 100 kg/ha) were studied using the randomized plot design. As a result of the research, nitrogen doses significantly affected the oil and thymoquinone yields while insignificant on the thymoquinone ratio. The highest oil yield with 501.6 kg/ha was obtained from 80 kg/ha of the nitrogen doses, while the highest thymoquinone yield with 10.24 kg/ha was obtained from the control plots. Thymoquinone yields were in the same statistical group with other nitrogen doses, except for means of 100 kg/ha nitrogen doses. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were major fatty acids of black cumin, and their variations were insignificant in nitrogen applications. The values of butyric, capric, and linolenic acids varied significantly in different nitrogen doses. As a result of the study, it was determined that the highest oil yield was obtained from 80 kg/ha nitrogen application. It has been determined that nitrogen doses above 60-80 kg/ha should be avoided for the seed oil and thymoquinone yields in black cumin.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 2First report of fruit rot of eggplant caused by Pythium viniferum in Turkey(SpringerLink, 2021) Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Özer, Göksel; Çiftçi, Osman; Derviş, SibelIn August 2019, symptoms including dark brown and irregular sunken lesions or blights on the fruit pedicel and calyx of eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) occurred with a 3% incidence in two felds in Şanlıurfa province of Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing dieback on almond (Prunus dulcis) in Turkey(Springer, 2021) Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Derviş, SibelTurkey is the world's fourth-largest almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] producer. In July 2020, 10% of 2,600 9-year-old almond trees cultivars Ferragnes and Ferraduel in Bozova district of Şanlıurfa province showed symptoms of yellowing, gumming, branch and trunk cankers, and dieback. Surface-disinfected wood tissue samples exhibiting visible internal necrosis were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After seven days of incubation at 25 °C in the dark, 12 similar fungal colonies with dark grey colouration were isolated. The isolates Lt01Pd and Lt02Pd were randomly selected for identification, pathogenicity, and deposited in Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Culture Collection with accession number BAIBU0738-0739. Fruiting bodies were stromatic, black, 150–250 µm in diameter, and irregular or globose pycnidia with an apical ostiole. Paraphyses produced within pycnidia were hyaline, cylindrical, septate, and up to 60 µm long. Immature conidia formed inside the pycnidia were initially unicellular, hyaline, and ellipsoidal, whilst mature conidia were one-septate, dark brown, and measuring 18.5–23.0 μm × 11.5–13.5 μm (n = 50). BLAST searches for the internal transcribed spacer of rDNA region (ITS: GenBank accession Nos. MW733864-MW733865), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF-1α: GenBank accession Nos. MW733862-MW733863), and β-tubulin 2 gene (BT2: GenBank accession Nos. MW733860-MW733861) sequences at GenBank exhibited 99.81% similarity for ITS (NR_111174) and 100% similarity for TEF-1α (AY640258) and BT2 (EU673110) sequences of type strain CBS 164.96 of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. Pathogenicity of each isolate on ten 1-year-old P. dulcis cv. Ferragnes seedlings was verified by replacing five-mm diameter bark disks of stems with the same-sized mycelial plugs. Control seedlings (n = 10) were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25 ± 2 °C. In the inoculated plants, necrotic lesions with an average length of 6 to 8 cm on wood tissues were observed within 4 weeks. Control seedlings remained symptomless. The same fungus was only re-isolated from symptomatic tissues. In California, a similar canker disease of almond caused by L. theobromae has been reported (Chen et al. 2013). To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae causing dieback on almond in Turkey (Farr and Rossman 2021).Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 6First report of leaf blight of Turkish oregano (Origanum onites) caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Turkey(SpringerLink, 2021) Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, Göksel; Koşar, İslim; Güney, İnci Güler; Derviş, SibelIn July 2020, a leaf blight disease with intense defoliation on Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.) plants was observed in a pilot experiment feld in Akçakale and a commercial feld in Haliliye with an incidence of 5.4 and 11.7%, respectively, in Şanlıurfa province. After a surface-sterilization for 1 min with 1% NaOCl, isolations from symptomatic tissues of six afected plants for each feld consistently yielded a fungus with the same colony morphology on potato dextrose agar. Cultures were powdery with a thick aerial mycelium, initially white that changed from olive green to black within 10 days.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4First report of Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot on common sage (Salvia officinalis) in Turkey(SpringerLink, 2021) İslim, Koşar; Güney, İnci Güler; Derviş, Sibel; Kırlı, Onur; Özer, GökselCommon sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is a perennial herb or sub-shrub native to the eastern Mediterranean. In July 2020, symptoms of chlorosis, wilting, and root rot appeared in 25% of two-year-old S. officinalis cv. Elif plants in two fields (N 36°53'42.457'', E 38°55'34.777''; N 36°53'27.236'', E 38°55'38.618'') in Şanlıurfa, Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3First report of Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot on lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) in Turkey(SpringerLink, 2022) Koşar, İslim; Güney, İnci Güler; Üner, Senem Ece; Özer, Göksel; Derviş, SibelLemon balm (Melissa ofcinalis L.) is native to the Eastern Mediterranean region and Western Asia and is a well-known medicinal plant of Lamiaceae due to its valuable aqueous and alcoholic extracts (De Sousa et al. 2004). In the summer of 2021, wilting and root rot were observed on about 20% of two-year-old M. ofcinalis cv. Melis plants in a feld of Koruklu village, Akçatepe district of Şanlıurfa, Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2First report of needle blight of blue spruce (Picea pungens) caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in Turkey(SpringerLink, 2023) Derviş, Sibel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Güney, İnci Güler; Alkan, Mehtap; Özer, GökselThe blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) is an exotic conifer species widely used for decorative purposes in landscaping and private gardens. In 2020, 60% of forty blue spruce trees between 20 and 25 years old planted in front of buildings in Kavaklıdere, Ankara, displayed needle blight symptoms. Needles on the lower and interior crown closest to the trunk were infected from the bottoms of branches. They showed a brown-colored or burned appearance before dropping off, starting from their tips, resulting in up to a 65% reduction of the canopy. On the surface of infected tissues, a black-colored fungal mass was observed. Fungal colonies isolated from twenty symptomatic branches and needles were initially dark gray and became black within 4 to 7 days. Zero- to one-septate dark brown conidia (4.6 to 9.8 × 3.6 to 7.5 μm) formed in arthric chains were disarticulating and cylindrical-truncate to rod-shaped, oblong, ellipsoidal, doliiform, or globose, consistent with the description of Neoscytalidium spp. (Crous et al. 2006). The internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin loci of a randomly selected isolate (Nd_Pp01) were sequenced using the primers ITS1/4, EF1-728 F/986R, and Bt2a/Bt2b and deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers OK643641, OK666381, and OK666382, respectively. The sequences had 99.77–100% nucleotide identity with those of the type specimen of N. dimidiatum, CBS 145.78. Phylogenetic analysis with concatenated sequences further confirmed the identification. The isolate was deposited in the Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Culture Collection with accession number BAIBU-179. A pathogenicity test was conducted with ten 1-year-old P. pungens plants by spraying a conidial suspension (105 conidia/ml) of the isolate Nd_Pp01 onto the needles (Türkölmez et al. 2019). Five seedlings sprayed with sterile water were used as controls. All plants were placed in a growth chamber at 28°C with 70% RH. Spray-inoculated needles initially showed yellow spots within two weeks and turned brown six weeks after inoculation, whereas the controls remained symptom-free. The pathogen was re-isolated from the inoculated needles but not from controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum causing needle blight on P. pungens in Turkey and worldwide (Farr and Rossman 2023).Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 16First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum associated with dieback and canker of common fig (Ficus carica L.) in Turkey(SpringerLink, 2022) Güney, İnci Güler; Bozoğlu, Tuğba; Özer, Göksel; Türkölmez, Şahimerdan; Derviş, SibelIn 2020, a canker disease with dieback of branches and decline of various fig trees in Şanlıurfa and Mardin provinces of Turkey was observed. The causal pathogen was identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, tef1, and tub2 loci. Koch’s postulates were confirmed by successful re-isolation of N. dimidiatum only from plants inoculated with the pathogen. This is the first report of N. dimidiatum associated with dieback and canker of common fig in Turkey.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing blight of Melissa officinalis in Turkey(SpringerLink, 2021) Özer, Göksel; Günen, Tacettin Utku; Koşar, İslim; Güney, İnci Güler; Derviş, SibelIn July 2020, a blight disease on lemon balm plants was observed with an incidence of up to 10% in three fields in Sanliurfa province, Turkey. The causal agent was identified as Neoscytalidium dimidiatum based on macro- and micro-morphological features of the colonies and sequencing of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene and the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA. Re-isolation of N. dimidiatum from lemon balm plants showing blight symptoms was successfully established. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dimidiatum causing blight on lemon balm in Turkey and worldwide.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 7First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing foliar and stem blight of lavender in Turkey(SpringerLink, 2021) Güney, İnci Güler; Özer, Göksel; Turan, İrem; Koşar, İslim; Derviş, SibelLavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant in Turkey, with a cultivated area of 2,218 hectares in 2020 (TURKSTAT 2021). In June 2020, wilting, extensive stem and leaf blight or necrosis were observed in two-year-old lavender plants cultivated in the experimental felds of the GAP Agricultural Research Institute, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.Article First report of Verticillium dahliae causing Verticillium wilt on avocado (Persea americana) in Turkey(SpringerLink, 2022) Tok, Fatih Mehmet; Derviş, SibelAvocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an expanding crop in Turkey grown on 949 ha, yielding 4,209 tons of fruit annually (FAO 2021). In June 2021, 5% of 220 5-year-old trees of cv. Hass grafted onto the rootstock Fuerte (36°06′25.6"N 35°59′16.7"E) in Samandağ district of Hatay showed symptoms of twig and branch dieback with brownish black leaf and bark discoloration. Vascular tissues of branches bearing blackened dead twigs were sampled from five trees. Tissues were surface disinfected in 1% NaOCl for 2 min, rinsed with sterile distilled water (SDW), dried, placed on potato dextrose agar, and incubated at 25 °C. After 7 days, a slow-growing fungus was consistently recovered. Colonies were identified as Verticillium dahliae Kleb. on the basis of the presence of black microsclerotia (35.2 to 160.8 × 20.3 to 68.5 μm), verticillate conidiophores, and hyaline, elliptical, single celled conidia (2.9 to 7.3 × 2.2 to 3.8 μm) (Pegg and Brady 2002). Identification was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of rDNA amplified from one single-conidial isolate (AvVd01 deposited in the plant pathogenic fungal collection of the first author’s institution) using universal ITS1/ITS4 primers. BLAST analysis of the amplicon sequenced (GenBank accession No. MZ664289) showed 100% identity with a sequence of V. dahliae from kiwifruit in Turkey (MK287620.1). To fulfill Koch's postulates, 15 healthy 1-year-old P. americana ‘Hass’ seedlings were inoculated by submerging trimmed roots in a conidial suspension of 107 conidia/ml for 5 min using AvVd01. Ten control plants were dipped in SDW in the same manner. Inoculated plants showed symptoms identical to those of naturally infected plants within a month. V. dahliae was reisolated from inoculated plants but not from controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of V. dahliae causing wilt on avocado in Turkey (Farr and Rossman 2022). It is expected to cause more problems in avocado plantings previously dedicated to vegetable crops.Article Interregional comparative analysis of farmers’ perceptions and expectations of climate change(Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2022)This study looked into the relationship and effects of agricultural activities in different regions of Turkey on climate change. This study aims to determine farmer awareness of climate change and its effects, as well as farmer adaptation capabilities in different regions of Turkey against climate change, and to develop extension and policy tools based on the findings. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys with farmers in the provinces where the research was conducted. In this context, a proportional sampling survey of 418 farmers was conducted. The collected information was subjected to factor analysis and the independent t-test. According to the findings, farmers associate climate change with precipitation, and the effect of precipitation and the risks it poses in increasing or decreasing crop yields are of particular concern. Farmers in the Southeastern Anatolia Region are more concerned about heat and drought than farmers in the Mediterranean Region. Furthermore, producers believe that human-caused factors and economic development have a greater impact on climate change than agricultural activities. Farmers in research areas are concerned that climate change will increase migration from rural areas and the decline of forests and animal species. As a result, raising individual awareness and utilising new technology in rural areas is critical. Farmers’ awareness of new and environmentally friendly agricultural techniques must be raised to increase their use.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 3Interregional comparative analysis of farmers’ perceptions and expectations of climate change(Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2022) Acıbuca, Veysi; Kaya, Aybüke; Kaya, TuğçeThis study looked into the relationship and effects of agricultural activities in different regions of Turkey on climate change. This study aims to determine farmer awareness of climate change and its effects, as well as farmer adaptation capabilities in different regions of Turkey against climate change, and to develop extension and policy tools based on the findings. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys with farmers in the provinces where the research was conducted. In this context, a proportional sampling survey of 418 farmers was conducted. The collected information was subjected to factor analysis and the independent t-test. According to the findings, farmers associate climate change with precipitation, and the effect of precipitation and the risks it poses in increasing or decreasing crop yields are of particular concern. Farmers in the Southeastern Anatolia Region are more concerned about heat and drought than farmers in the Mediterranean Region. Furthermore, producers believe that human-caused factors and economic development have a greater impact on climate change than agricultural activities. Farmers in research areas are concerned that climate change will increase migration from rural areas and the decline of forests and animal species. As a result, raising individual awareness and utilising new technology in rural areas is critical. Farmers’ awareness of new and environmentally friendly agricultural techniques must be raised to increase their use. Highlights - Farmers associate climate change with drought. - According to the farmers, the leading factors causing climate change are human-induced factors that disrupt the ecological balance. - The most important concern regarding the effects of climate change is that production costs will increase. - Farmers are reluctant to implement adaptation or mitigation methods that can be developed against climate change.Article Citation - WoS: 73Citation - Scopus: 84Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Chlorophyll Content for Precision Nitrogen Management in Durum Wheat Cultivars under Semi-Arid Conditions(Sustainability (Switzerland), 2021) Kızılgeçi, Ferhat; Yıldırım, Mehmet; İslam, Mohammad Sohidul; Ratnasekera, Disna; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Sabagh, El AymanTo impart sustainability to modern intensive farming systems, environmental pollution caused by nitrogenous fertilizers needs to be reduced by optimizing their doses. To estimate the grain yield and nutrtional quallity of wheat, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) are potential screening tools to identify the N deficiency and screen out the promising cultivars. The two-year field study was comprised of five levels of nitrogen (N) (control, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1) and two durum wheat genotypes (Sena and Svevo). The experimental design was split-plot, in which N levels were placed in the main plots, while wheat genotypes were arranged in sub-plots. To predict the yield and quality traits, NDVI and SPAD values recorded at heading, anthesis and milky growth stages were taken as response variables. The results revealed that N fertilization significantly influenced SPAD and NDVI attributed traits of durum wheat, except NDVI at milky stage (NDVI-M) during the first year. The maximum value of NDVI was recorded by 150 kg N ha-1, while control treatment gave the minimum value. The grain yield was increased with the increasing dose of N up to 100 kg N ha-1 (4121 kg ha-1), and thereafter, it was declined with further increased N levels. However, the variation between genotypes was not significant, except NDVI and SPAD values at the milky stage. The genotype Svevo had the highest NDVI values at all growth stages, while the genotype Sena recorded the maximum SPAD values during both years. Similarly, N levels significantly influenced the quality traits (protein, wet gluten, starch test weight and Zeleny sedimentation) of both genotypes. The highly significant relationship of SPAD and NDVI with the grain yield and yield attributes showed their reliability as indicators for determining N deficiency and selection of superior wheat genotypes for ensuring food security under climate change scenario.Article Citation - WoS: 129Citation - Scopus: 146A Whole Genome DArTseq and SNP Analysis for Genetic Diversity Assessment in Durum Wheat from Central Fertile Crescent(Public Library Science, 2017) Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Shahid, Muhammad Qasim; Ciftci, Vahdettin; de Miera, Luis E. Saenz; Aasim, Muhammad; Hatipoglu, RustuUntil now, little attention has been paid to the geographic distribution and evaluation of genetic diversity of durum wheat from the Central Fertile Crescent (modern-day Turkey and Syria). Turkey and Syria are considered as primary centers of wheat diversity, and thousands of locally adapted wheat landraces are still present in the farmers' small fields. We planned this study to evaluate the genetic diversity of durum wheat landraces from the Central Fertile Crescent by genotyping based on DArTseq and SNP analysis. A total of 39,568 DArTseq and 20,661 SNP markers were used to characterize the genetic characteristic of 91 durum wheat land races. Clustering based on Neighbor joining analysis, principal coordinate as well as Bayesian model implemented in structure, clearly showed that the grouping pattern is not associated with the geographical distribution of the durum wheat due to the mixing of the Turkish and Syrian landraces. Significant correlation between DArTseq and SNP markers was observed in the Mantel test. However, we detected a non-significant relationship between geographical coordinates and DArTseq (r = -0.085) and SNP (r = -0.039) loci. These results showed that unconscious farmer selection and lack of the commercial varieties might have resulted in the exchange of genetic material and this was apparent in the genetic structure of durum wheat in Turkey and Syria. The genomic characterization presented here is an essential step towards a future exploitation of the available durum wheat genetic resources in genomic and breeding programs. The results of this study have also depicted a clear insight about the genetic diversity of wheat accessions from the Central Fertile Crescent.
