İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/72
Browse
45 results
Search Results
Article An Existentialist Approach to William Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet”(2021) Alkan, HalitExistentialism is the approach to define the human being not only as the thinking being but also as the acting and feeling human individual. In terms of Jean-Paul Sartre’s conception of freedom, one must let go of the past, make a choice, act on it, and then take its responsibility. This study aims to analyse William Shakespeare’s "Romeo and Juliet" in terms of existentialist approach, namely human’s existence of freedom which depends on the on-going relationships between the aspects of ‘being as a subject’ and ‘being as an object’. The play depicts the love between Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet who are the children of hostile families. At the beginning of the play, Romeo and Juliet are considered ‘being as an object’ because they accept an age-old blood feud between their families into which they are born. As an uninvited guest at a Capulet party, Romeo falls instantly in love with Juliet. After they learn to be the children of hostile families, they let go of the past and make free-choices by continuing to love each other, decide to marry and keep it in secret, so they become ‘being as a subject’. Then Romeo acts on his decision and attempts to halt a fight leading to the death of Juliet’s cousin for which Romeo is banished. In order not to marry her father’s choice of bridegroom, Juliet acts on her decision and fakes her own death to be reunited with Romeo. The message of her plot about the fake death fails to reach Romeo. Believing Juliet dead, Romeo takes the responsibility of his decision and drinks poison in her tomb. Juliet who wakes to find Romeo’s corpse beside her takes the responsibility of her decision and kills herself.Presentation THE PARODY OF UNCAUGHT FISH: A POSTMODERN TAKE ON TROUT FISHING IN AMERICA(2023) Alan, BülentRichard Brautigan's novels, including Trout Fishing in America, challenge conventional writing styles and parodies realistic writing norms. His attitude towards fiction is reactive, denaturalizing established forms of writing by creating stories that reveal how we organize human experience and come to terms with it. Richard Brautigan's work Trout Fishing in America, which questions traditional writing conventions and parodies realistic conventions, is a prime example of the author's avant-garde approach to literature. The phrase "Trout Fishing in America" is used in a variety of ways throughout the story to symbolize various individuals, places, and other elements. The book defies classification because of its episodic style, absence of a main plot, and uneven character development. Brautigan uses the story of a narrator searching for perfect spots to go trout fishing as a metaphor to show how materialism and moral decay have destroyed once-beautiful, innocent America. This study aims to analyse how Brautigan uses parody, a postmodern tool, to deconstruct, denaturalize and demythologize the fixed grand narrative of his time in this work.Article A Stylistic Approach To Thomas Campion's there is a Garden in Her Face(Rector CIU Cyprus Int Univ, 2023-01-01) Alkan, HalitLiterary works come into existence through authors' use of language units in particular ways. Style is considered as the choice of linguistic characteristics from all the probabilities in language. Stylistics attempts to create an interaction of readers with the language of a literary text to clarify how a reader understands the text. This study examines how Thomas Campion manipulated basic linguistic features to form stylistic effects in order to produce meaning in There Is a Garden in Her Face. The analysis involves lexical, semantic, grammatical (syntactic), graphological, and phonological (sound pattern) levels. It helps to clarify the context of the poem. The stylistic analysis shows that the poem is very carefully constructed. All three stanzas in the poem are grammatically parallel to each other and deal with the lady's beauty whose face is compared to a garden of heavenly paradise where every kind of delicious fruit grows there. The unity of the poem is secured by the refrain describing a beautiful lady's lips. The graphological deviation shows a system of capitalization to foreground important words such as "Roses" and "white Lilies" in the poem to represent love/passion, and innocence/purity. The phonetic parallelism reinforces the system of parallel meaning in terms of alliteration and assonance. The poem is based mostly on similes and metaphors to make the imagery of the flowers and fruit growing in a garden much more vivid. With this, the lady's physical features are portrayed. The noun cherry is used with the adjective sacred which portrays that the lady's lips have not been touched or kissed by anyone. The same line which is repeated at the end of each stanza foregrounds that this beautiful lady is unattainable unless if she says her lips are fully ripe to become most valuable. Here, female beauty signals the ideals of Elizabethan beauty: white skin, blushing cheeks, and red lips. This study shows how Campion has been able to manipulate language which is an integral part of a literary work. Campion has created changes through a systemic use of language to get his message across to readers. This study may help researchers understand how Campion used stylistic tools in his poem.Article Time in Spenser’s "Amoretti and Epithalamion", and Shakespeare’s "Sonnet"(2021-08-21) Alkan, HalitThe sonnet which is originated in Italy is a highly structured poetic form. It flourishes in the Elizabethan period in order to write love sonnets about a beloved and idealized lady. This study focuses on the theme of time in both Edmund Spenser’s "Amoretti and Epithalamion", and William Shakespeare’s "Sonnets". Spenser’s Amoretti, which covers New Year’s Day celebrations, reflects on Spenser’s past forty-one years of life. In "Epithalamion", Spenser records the hours of the day from pre-dawn to wedding night, including the passage of a year in 365 long lines which also correspond to days in a year. Its content moves from the excitement of youth to the anxieties of the middle age, beginning with high hopes for a happy day and ending with record of the speaker’s legacy for future generations. Spenser tries to prevent the passage of time by freezing it in his verses. Shakespeare’s "Sonnets" begins with the narrator’s begging the fair lord to find a woman who will bear his child so that his beauty can be assured for posterity. The poet complains about the ravages of time and its harmful effects on the beauty of the fair lord, and tries to fight the inevitable by forcing the fair lord to convey his perfection to a child. The poet defines time as a dimension of suffering, and asks the fair lord to leave him. In conclusion, time is described as unmanageable power of unforeseen changes and chances as well as a non-personal ominous determinant.Article A Structuralist Approach to Women’s Position in George Moore’s "Esther Waters"(2020-11-21) Alkan, HalitStructuralism defines the relationship between the part and the whole. This study aims to analyse George Moore’s "Esther Waters" (1894) in terms of structuralist approach. The surface structure of the novel focuses on Esther raising her son alone. In terms of syntagmatic relation, Esther has an extramarital sexual intercourse with William, raises her son alone, but finally marries William. In terms of paradigmatic relation, there is homology of relationship between Esher and William who are orphans and start work at early ages. Education and motherhood become explicit signs in the deep structure: While the signifier is education, the signified is profession; and while the signifier is motherhood, the signified is self-sacrifice. As for the deep structure, its harmony operates on binary opposition between ‘being as a subject’ and ‘being as an object’. As a ‘being as a subject’, Esther makes a choice by having an extramarital sexual intercourse, takes its action by giving birth to her son, and takes its responsibility by struggling for her son. Its melody operates on the fixed cycle of getting married. The novel ends but its melody continues because women will continue to be deprived of education and professions that will provide financial freedom. As for the deep meaning, there is no innate difference between men and women in terms of mental capacity, but there are prejudices imposed by the male-dominated society on women who are left with no choice but to marry and have only the role of a wife and mother in society.Book Part Othering and Cultural Identity in Hanif Kureishi’s “The Black Album”(Livre De Lyon, 2021) Alkan, HalitDuring the colonial period from the 16th century to the 20th century, the Western ideology has created arbitrary boundaries between itself and ‘other’, and labelled ‘other’s land as both the ‘orient’ and ‘the land of barbarians’. Many communities from the former colonial regions have migrated to England during post-colonial period. Nevertheless, the host British society has maintained the discourse of ‘othering’. In this context, Hanif Kureishi’s "The Black Album" (1995) allows readers to analyse the discourse of ‘othering’ in terms of religion, race and culture to establish one’s identity. The novel concerns the quest of Shahid who is torn between a sense of belonging by becoming a member of a fundamentalist group, and liberalism by having an affair with a white postmodernist instructor Deedee Osgood in British society. Leader Riaz and Chad are otherized by portraying binary opposition of different, savage, and fundamentalist because they burn a novel that is considered to be blasphemous and they attach significance to an aubergine. Although Shahid and his elder brother Chili imitate the host culture, they cannot escape being considered as the ‘other’ because of their colour, race, class and culture. Although a Muslim girl Tahira struggles between the host culture and her main culture in a multicultural society, and represents a contemporary woman’s role is also considered as the ‘other’ because of her clothes and religious faith. Shahid’s uncle Asif, representing first-generation immigrants in the multicultural British society, is not only silenced by the ruling British society, which see him as an intruder and dependent, but also considered by representations of the ruling group as suspicious, and the ‘other’. There are racial lines, with the white Europeans on one side, and everyone else on the other. Hanif Kureishi criticizes racism, fundamentalism, Marxism and even liberalism because everybody can become hypocritical to bring forward their thoughts and live on principles they favour. Kureishi does not prefer one side to the other side.Book Bildungsroman Tradition in English Literature(Livre de Lyon, 2023) Alkan, HalitThis book tries to reveal the unique characteristics of the English bildungsroman and to examine the change of the English bildungsroman tradition in three centuries by analysing these characteristics in Daniel Defoe’s "Moll Flanders" of the eighteenth century, George Eliot’s "The Mill on the Floss" of the nineteenth century, and James Joyce’s "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" of the twentieth century.Article The New Woman through Structuralism in Sarah Grand’s "The Heavenly Twins"(2022) Alkan, HalitStructuralism is an approach that seeks to decode the encoded whole consisting of a system to explore a textual work’s deep structure from the surface structure. This study tries to analyse the ‘New Woman’ in Sarah Grand’s “The Heavenly Twins” (1893) according to the structuralist approach. This novel is analysed synchronically. In terms of syntagmatic relation while Evadne Frayling marries George Colquhoun, Angelica Hamilton-Wells marries Mr. Kilroy. As for paradigmatic relation, homology of relationship is seen between two couples since there are unhappy marriages not only between Evadne and Colquhoun, but also between Angelica and Mr. Kilroy. In terms of syntagmatic relation while Angelica surrenders herself sexually to her husband after the death of her friend Tenor, Evadne surrenders herself sexually to her second husband after the death of her first husband Colquhoun. Syphilis and disguise in the novel’s surface structure are closed signs. However, in the deep structure these signs turn to be explicit signs as follows: When the signifier is syphilis, the signified is reprobate and death; when the signifier is disguise, the signified is freedom. In terms of the novel’s deep structure, the harmony performs on binary oppositions between Evadne and Angelica as follows: ignorant/educated, imprisoned/free, ill/healthy. Although the novel is over, the melody goes on since Evadne and Angelica can get only the role of a wife and a mother in patriarchal society. As for the novel’s deep meaning, women and men have no innate difference for mental capacity, but women face prejudices by patriarchal society because the male-dominant society does not provide women to take the same education as men.Article A Structuralist Analysis of William Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet”(2021) Alkan, HalitStructuralism is an approach that defines the relationship between the part and the whole. This study aims to analyse William Shakespeare’s "Romeo and Juliet" in terms of the structuralist approach. In the surface structure, there is love between Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet who are the children of hostile families. In terms of syntagmatic relation, Romeo and Juliet fall in love with each other, decide to marry and keep it in secret. In terms of paradigmatic relation, there is homology of relationship between the two hostile families. As for the surface structure, there is a symmetrical arrangement of plot between public scenes and private scenes. As for the surface meaning, there is the thematic conflict between hatred and love. As for the deep structure, its harmony operates on binary opposition between public hatred and private love. Its melody operates on the fixed cycle of public hatred and private love. As for the deep meaning, where there is public hatred, private love is helpless. Love can live forever only when society is in peace.Thesis THE INTERTEXTUAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE WORKS OF ALBERT CAMUS AND YUSUF ATILGAN(2016) Güven, Hazar FarukIntertexuality, claimed to have been introduced by Bulgarian-French philosopher and literature critic Julia Kristeva, is a term which maintains that it is unlikely for any work not to be affected by the same kind of work written before. Since it is natural to have an interaction between authors, the authors can make reference to the worldview, philosophy and style of the different authors. With intertextuality, especially espoused by postmodern literary movement, the writers give the readers the opportunity to be conscious throughout the work and have different feelings within it by dynamizing their works. Written many articles and books on this term introduced in the mid of the 20. century, the attention has been drawn to the interaction from each other and different works of authors. Intertexuality encountered in the works of Yusuf Atılgan, one of the most important post-republic Turkish writers, is noteworthy. Yusuf Atılgan’s works contain similar features to Algerian-French writer Albert Camus’s works in terms of theme and topics. Existentialist themes like social alienation, religious alienation, isolation, non-communication and indifference in Camus’s works can be seen also in the works of Yusuf Atılgan. Absurdism, grounded after WWI and originated from Existentialism, gaining acceleration following the WWII has begun to maintain the idea that the life is absurd after the destruction and deaths which these two world wars caused the world witnessed. People migrating from rural areas to cities to find an occupation and not being able to adapt to the city life in a rapidly urbanizing world especially following the Industrial Revolution, have been subject to the literature. It is also regarded as a movement about all the human beings in general like intellectual characters question this absurdism and alienate from society in Camus and Atılgan’s works. It is claimed that Atılgan has been influenced by Camus’s philosophy of absurdism. For instance, Atılgan’s The Wanderer’s protagonist, C’s worldview and lifestyle like social alienation, isolation, non-communication and indiffrence show parallelism with Meursault’s lifestyle in Camus’s The Stranger. In our study, the works of these two writers have been compared in terms of intertextuality.