Alkan, Halit
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Dr. Öğr. Üyesi
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Department of English Language and Literature / İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü
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8
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10
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16
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8
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15
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3
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9
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14
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4
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7
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11
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31
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21
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| Journal | Count |
|---|---|
| RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi | 2 |
| RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies | 2 |
| Artuklu Human and Social Science Journal | 1 |
| Artuklu İnsan ve Toplum Bilim Dergisi | 1 |
| Contemporary Issues Series: Humanities and Literature | 1 |
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31 results
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 31
Conference Object A Structuralist Analysis of Anton Chekhov’s "The Lady with the Dog"(ISPEC Publishing House, 2019) Alkan, HalitStructuralism that began to be active in the 1950’s is the approach to define the relationship between the part and the whole. This study aims to analyse Anton Chekhov’s "The Lady with the Dog" (1899) in terms of the structuralist approach. This short story is analysed synchronically. In the surface structure, there is a tale based on a love affair between Dmitri Dmitritch Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna who are married to other people. In terms of syntagmatic relation, Gurov marries his wife while he is a student in his second year, and Anna Sergeyevna marries her husband while she is at the age of 20. In terms of paradigmatic relation, there is also homology of relationship between the two couples because Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna both have unhappy marriages. As for the surface structure, in Section I and Section II, the setting is Yalta and the season is summer which represents warmth, freedom, pleasure, optimism while in Section III and Section IV, the setting is Moscow and the season is winter which represents coldness, oppression, pain, pessimism. As for the surface meaning, love is both pleasure and pain. Arranged marriage and love in the surface structure are closed signs. These signs become explicit signs in the deep structure in the following sense: While the signifier is marriage, the signified isdisappointment; while the signifier is love, the signified is power. As for the deep structure, itsharmony operates on binary opposition between ‘being as a subject’ and ‘being as an object’. In Section I and Section II, Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna are ‘beings as an object’ and not free because they take the judgment of others into consideration. In Section III and Section IV, Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna who fall in love with each other become ‘beings as a subject’ and free because they ignore how others judge them, make their choice, take action and take the responsibility of their decision. Its melody operates on the fixed cycle of getting married on social traditions. The short story ends but its melody continues because Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna will continue to love and meet each other in secret due to their marriage to other people. As for the deep meaning, hell is much of provincial values and unquestioning acceptance of conforming to meaningless social traditions.Book Part An Existentialist Approach to Jean-Paul Sartre’s "No Exit"(Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2020) Alkan, HalitExistentialism that began to be active in the 20th century is the approach to define the human being not only as the thinking being but also as the acting and feeling human individual. This study aims to analyse Jean-Paul Sartre’s "No Exit" (1944) in terms of existentialist approach, namely human’s existence of freedom which depends on the on-going relationships between the aspects of ‘being as a subject’ and ‘being as an object’. The play No Exit depicts the afterlife in which Joseph Garcin, Ines Serrano and Estelle Rigault are brought to the same room in hell. The ‘being as a subject’ of the three characters is judged by people on the earth and is reduced to the state of ‘being as an object’ which gets the unchangeable state by the judgment of others. Joseph will be remembered as a coward and Estelle as a pretty blonde who is the murderer of her child and crazy about money and males while nobody will remember Inez at all. They become the prisoners of each other in hell where the time is stable and where they are completely deprived of the freedom of existence of ‘being as a subject’ because they no longer have the opportunity to act and to change the thoughts about themselves. This imprisonment fixes them in the state of ‘being as an object’. The victim changes every time and there are two tortures against it. Therefore, they are both the torturers and the victims: Hell is other people.Article Spenser’ın Amoretti and Epithalamion Ve Shakespeare’in Sonnets Eserlerinde Zaman(2021) Alkan, Halitİtalya’da ortaya çıkan kısa ve yüksek düzeyde yapılandırılmış şiirsel bir biçim olan sone, Elizabeth döneminde sevilen, idealize edilmiş bir bayana aşk soneleri yazmak için gelişir. Bu çalışma, Edmund Spenser’ın Amoretti ve Epithalamion ve William Shakespeare’in Sonnets eserlerinde zaman temasını ele alır. Spenser Amoretti eserinde son kırk bir yıllık yaşamını yansıtan yılbaşı kutlamalarını ele alır. Spenser Epithalamion eserinde şafaktan düğün gecesine kadar günün saatlerini, bir yıldaki günlere karşılık gelen 365 uzun satırlarda bir yılın geçişini kapsayan bir kayıt tutar. İçeriği, gençliğin heyecanından orta yaş endişelerine doğru ilerler, mutlu bir gün için büyük umutlarla başlayıp konuşmacının gelecek nesillere bıraktığı mirasın kaydıyla biter. Spenser mısralarında zaman akışını dondurarak engellemeye çalışır. Shakespeare Sonnets eserinde, anlatıcının, güzelliğinin gelecek nesiller için güvence altına alınabilmesi amacıyla güzel efendiye çocuğunu doğuracak bir kadın bulması için yalvarmasıyla başlar. Şair, zamanın tahribatından ve güzel efendinin güzelliği üzerindeki zararlı etkilerinden şikayet eder ve güzel efendiyi mükemmelliğini bir çocuğa aktarmaya zorlayarak bu kaçınılmaz sonuçla savaşmaya çalışır. Şair, zamanı, ıstırabın bir boyutu olarak tanımlar ve güzel efendiden kendisini terk etmesini ister. Sonuç olarak zaman, hem öngörülemeyen değişim ve fırsatların başa çıkılamayan bir gücü hem de kişisel olmayan kaygı verici bir etken olarak tanımlanır.Conference Object The Discourse of 'Othering' in Hanif Kureishi's “The Buddha of Suburbia”(IKSAD Publishing House, 2020) Alkan, HalitIn order to sell overproduction, find new markets and buy larger amounts of raw materials at cheapest price, most developed European countries occupied territories especially in areas with no political and economic structures from the 16th century to the 20th century. In addition to Western colonialism, Western people take the so called ‘civilizing mission’ on as a duty because they believe in superiority of their civilization. Therefore, the Western ideology has produced arbitrary boundaries between itself and ‘other’, and referred to ‘other’s land as the ‘Orient’ and ‘the land of barbarians’. During postcolonial period, many communities from the former colonial regions have migrated to Britain. The discourse of ‘othering’ has been maintained by the host British society for centuries. In this context, Hanif Kureishi’s "The Buddha of Suburbia" (1990) allows readers to analyse the discourse of ‘othering’ in terms of gender, class, culture, and race. The novel concerns the quest of both an Indian Haroon who is married to a British woman and his adolescent son Karim to find ethnic, cultural and gender identity in British society. Haroon and his friend Anwar, representing first-generation immigrants in the multicultural British society, are not only silenced by the ruling British society, which see them as intruders and dependents, but also considered by representatives of the ruling group as exotic, suspicious, and the ‘other’. Although Haroon’s son, Karim, imitates the host culture, he cannot escape being considered as the ‘other’ because of his race, colour, class and culture. Although Anwar’s daughter, Jamila, struggles between her main culture and the host culture in a multicultural society, and represents the role of a contemporary woman who questions the patriarchal understanding is also considered as the ‘other’. There are racial lines, with the white Europeans on one side, and everyone else on the other.Conference Object A Liberal Feminist Analysis of Kate Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour”(IKSAD Publishing House, 2022) Alkan, HalitWhile men are given legal rights and economic power by the patriarchal society, women are subordinated to men and confined to the private sphere. Feminism appears when women demand freedom. This study deals with Kate Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour” (1894) in terms of patriarchal ideology. As a housewife Louise Mallard who is imprisoned in private sphere is forced to repress her feelings for the sake of her husband. Mrs. Mallard experiences the frustration of marriage which restricts freedom and causes her heart trouble. After receiving the news about her husband Brently’s death in the train accident while traveling in the public sphere, Mrs. Mallard is paralyzed and goes to her room in grief. When Mrs. Mallard looks at the open window and notices the open square in front of her house, she realizes her freedom. In order to relish her personal life, Mrs. Mallard wants to free herself from the patriarchal oppression. Mrs. Mallard wants to enable herself to deal with public sphere through her freedom. Seeing her husband alive, she dies of heart disease. Her heart is physically weak and has emotionally no room for anyone else. The removal of that intense joy of freedom leads to her death. Mrs. Mallard dies in her house where she has always sacrificed for her family.Article A Structuralist Approach to Harold Pinter’s "The Dumb Waiter"(2022) Alkan, HalitStructuralism is an approach that seeks to decode the encoded whole consisting of a system to explore a textual work’s deep structure from the surface structure. This study analyses Harold Pinter’s “The Dumb Waiter” (1960) according to the structuralist approach. The harmony of the play’s deep structure performs on binary opposition between Ben and Gus who repeat mechanical behaviours and conversations since they are imprisoned for a while in a narrow space. Concrete mechanical elements such as the lavatory and the dumb waiter also repeat the same activities. Although the play is over, the melody continues since Ben and Gus are given no role other than being hitmen and victims. As for the deep meaning, individuals who appear as a functional part of the mechanism show the possibility that the oppressive mechanism may become inoperable as a result of questioning the mechanism.Article The Concept of War in "The Red Badge of Courage" and "A Farewell to Arms"(2022) Alkan, HalitThe American Civil War and bloody First World War resulted in the deaths of ten million people, twenty millions disabled people, and destruction of the values such as freedom, democracy and equality. The two wars caused important changes in the world of arts and ideas, created their own literature, and as a result, many writers produced war literature. Among the modernist authors who wrote novels about war are Stephen Crane and Ernest Hemingway, who are the subjects of this study. Wars enabled the concepts of patriotism, nationalism, and heroism to prevail in the war novel genre. Stephen Crane’s "The Red Badge of Courage" (1895) and Ernest Hemingway’s "A Farewell to Arms" (1929) are studied in terms of human nature, realism, and romanticism. Crane describes a young soldier Henry Fleming’s psychological development, and the harsh atmosphere of war. In the novel, thesis-antithesis is shown such as idealism-instinction, romanticism-realism, and cowardice-courage. Hemingway maps the psychological complexity of Frederic Henry who does not know the violence in wars and serves voluntarily in the ambulance corps of the Italian army. Hemingway suggests that war is the dark side of a world that refuses to preserve true love. Crane and Hemingway deal with human nature, romanticism, and realism. Although the characters are volunteers for war due to abstract values of courage and heroism, they cannot bear the harsh reality of war when they experience it. This study demonstrates the effects of the brutal and harsh atmosphere of war on human beings.Book Part A Stylistic Analysis of “A Painful Case”(Liberty Academic Publisher, 2023) Alkan, HalitThe style of an author is provided by effective matching between his/her thoughts and selection of linguistic items. Stylistic analyses involve both the study of style and the study of how effects and meanings are produced by a literary text. Stylistics, therefore, relates linguistic facts (linguistic descriptions) to meaning (interpretation) to show evidence for an interpretation of a text. This study analyses James Joyce’s "A Painful Case" in the aspect of stylistic features. The short story is about a platonic affair between a married woman and an isolated man, the breaking off of the affair, and its aftermath. The analysis of the short story begins with a general interpretation. Its significant stylistic features are pointed out in terms of lexis, grammar, figures of speech, cohesion and context. The short story’s title foreshows the cause of the inner conflict of the main character and deals with the theme of isolation. The opening paragraph of the short story consists only of declarative sentences. Joyce uses simple past tense in order to confirm compatibility with the figural narrative situation he used. In terms of the syllable-length of words, the selected passage contains mostly two-syllable words. Lexical repetitions direct one’s attention to the negative feeling such as loneliness. The passage bases upon implicit connections of meaning which are strengthened by repeat of words from the same semantic field. The use of free indirect speech and a detailed description about the room reveals the main character’s state of soul. The domain is indoor surroundings, and the tenor is formal. The 3rd person narrator takes the reader beyond the usual aspects of life through epiphany. Mr Duffy feels remorse about Mrs Sinico’s death and realizes that his pursuit of control and order has caused only to his loneliness. Emotional paralysis of Mr Duffy compels him into a lifelong loneliness. This study shows how the formal stylistic features are used as the basis for inferring the short story’s meaning and effect.Article Thomas Campion’ın Yüzü Bir Gül Bahçesi’ne Biçembilimsel Bir Yaklaşım(2023) Alkan, HalitEdebi eserler, yazarların dilin birimlerini belirli bir biçimde kullanmalarıyla ortaya çıkar. Biçem, bir dildeki tüm olasılıklardan dilsel özelliklerin seçilmesi olarak görülür. Biçembilim, bir okuyucunun bir metni okurken onu nasıl anladığını açıklığa kavuşturmak için okuyucuların edebi bir metnin diliyle etkileşimini yaratmaya çalışır. Bu çalışma, Thomas Campion’ın Yüzü Bir Gül Bahçesi adlı şiirinde anlam üretmek amacıyla biçembilim etkiler oluşturmak için temel dilbilimsel özellikleri nasıl manipüle ettiğini inceler. Analiz, sözcüksel, anlamsal, dilbilgisel (sözdizimsel), grafolojik ve fonolojik (ses örüntüsü) düzeyleri içerir. Bu, şiir bağlamının açıklığa kavuşmasına yardım eder. Biçembilim analizi, şiirin çok dikkatli bir şekilde oluşturulduğunu gösterir. Şiirdeki üç kıta dilbilgisi açısından birbirine paraleldir ve yüzü, her türlü lezzetli meyvenin yetiştiği cennet bahçesine benzetilen bir kadının güzelliğini konu alır. Güzel bir kadının dudaklarını anlatan nakarat, şiirin bütünlüğünü sağlar. Grafolojik sapma, şiirde aşkı/tutkuyu ve masumiyeti/saflığı temsil eden “Güller” ve “beyaz Zambaklar” gibi önemli sözcükleri ön plana çıkarmak için büyük bir harf sistemini gösterir. Fonetik paralellik, ünsüz yinelemesi ve ünlü yinelemesi açısından paralel anlam sistemini pekiştirir. Şiir, bahçede yetişen çiçek ve meyvelerin tasvirini daha canlı kılmak için daha çok teşbih ve mecazlara dayanır. Bununla kadının fiziksel özellikleri tasvir edilir. Kiraz ismi, kutsal sıfatı ile birlikte kullanılarak kadının dudaklarına hiç kimsenin dokunmadığını veya öpmediğini tasvir eder. Her kıtanın sonunda tekrarlanan aynı mısra, bu güzel kadının, daha da değerli olma amacıyla tamamen olgunlaştığını söylemediği sürece ulaşılamaz olduğunu ön plana çıkarır. Burada kadın güzelliği, Elizabeth dönemi güzelliğinin ideallerine işaret eder: beyaz ten, al yanaklar ve kırmızı dudaklar. Bu çalışma, Campion’ın edebi bir eserin ayrılmaz bir parçası olan dili nasıl manipüle edebildiğini gösterir. Campion, mesajını okuyuculara iletmek için dizgesel bir dil kullanımı yoluyla değişiklikler meydana getirir. Bu çalışma, araştırmacıların Campion’ın çalışmalarında biçembilim araçlarını nasıl kullandığını anlamalarına yardımcı olabilir.Article George Moore’un \"Esther Waters\" Eserinin Psikanalitik Liberal Feminist Bir Analizi(2023) Alkan, HalitOn dokuzuncu yüzyıl İngiliz toplumunda kamusal alan akılcılık ve erkekle; özel alan ise ahlâk ve kadınla tanımlanırdı. Eğitimden ve mesleklerden mahrum bırakılan kadınlara eş ve anne rolleri tanınırdı. Liberal feminizm, kadının hukuk ve sosyal yaşamda erkeklerle eşitliğini vurgular. Bu bağlamda Mary Wollstonecraft, Harriet Taylor ve John Stuart Mill’in kadınların konumu ile ilgili görüşleri vurgulanır. Bilinçaltının analizi, ataerkil toplumda kadınların maruz kaldığı baskıyı incelemek açısından önemlidir. Bu nedenle Sigmund Freud, Carl G. Jung ve Jacques Lacan gibi önemli psikanalistlerin bakış açıları açıklanır. Bu çalışma, George Moore’un \"Esther Waters\" eserinde kadının konumunu eğitim ve evlilik konuları açısından psikanalitik liberal feminist yaklaşımıyla inceler. Esther evlilik dışı cinsel münasebet sonucu çocuk sahibi olur ve düşmüş bir kadın olarak oğlu için ekonomik sıkıntılarla mücadele eder. Bu çalışmada Esther her ne kadar özgürlükçü ve ‘Yeni Kadın’ imajı sergilemeye çabalasa da, içinde yaşadığı ataerkil toplum onun özgürleşmesine izin vermez ve evliliğe zorlanarak yaşamına devam eder.
