Toplum Sözleşmeleri Çerçevesinde İnsan Hakları: Teoriden Pratiğe
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Date
2022
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Günümüzde insan hakları söylemi bir meşruiyet kriziyle karşı karşıyadır ve bu krizi derinleştiren kimi açmazlar söz konusudur. Haklar zaman zaman bireysel ve toplumsal pratiklerden bağımsız, soyut evrensel ilkeler olarak kabul edilirken zaman zaman da belirli bir insan doğası varsayımına dayandırılmıştır. Toplum sözleşmesi etrafında şekillenen modern doğal hukuk teorilerinin arka planını oluşturan insan doğası, doğa yasası ya da Tanrı yasası gibi kavramlarla temellendirilen insan hakları anlayışı düşünsel ve vicdani çeşitliliği fazla olan günümüz toplumlarının sorunlarına çözüm üretmede yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu yazıda insan hakları sorununa sözleşme geleneğinin ötesinde bir bakış açısı sunulmaya çalışılmaktadır. İnsan hakları ancak pratik bir edimle varlık ve anlam kazanabilir. Hakların temelini oluşturan evrensel bir ahlak yasası, evrensel bir öz ya da insan doğası belirlemelerine başvurmayan ve bu anlamda metafizik olmayan bir haklar politikası geliştirmenin mümkün olup olmadığı bu yazıda cevabı aranan temel sorudur. Bu soruya cevap aranırken bir taraftan doğal hukuka içkin insan doğası anlayışı reddedilmekte diğer taraftan hakları sadece yazılı kurallara indirgeyen hukuki pozitivizme de mesafeli yaklaşılmaktadır.
The human rights discourse is seemingly encountering with a crisis that questionnaires it validness and there exists some insoluble themes deepening the crisis in relation. The human rights are occasionally deemed as universal principles except from individual and social practices, while they are supposed to be intrinsic to a pre-defined human nature. Constituting a background for natural law theories that are molded at the periphery of social contract, human rights percept arises to be inefficient when it inspires from natural law or divine law concepts, and it fails in solving conflict of modern times. This paper aims to reveal a perspective that is not centered on social contract, instead targeted for diminishing problems before human rights through a genuine perspective. It is fair to say that human rights are eligible for sustaining their existence and meaningfulness just through practical manner. The study focuses on the possibility of yielding human rights politics does not refer to a universal moral law, a unuversal essence or human nature determinations that form the basis of rights, and that is not metaphysical in this sense. To this end, it rejects the traditional percept that envisages a human nature immanent in natural law; and it also stands off legal positivism that simply degrades human rights to written codes.
The human rights discourse is seemingly encountering with a crisis that questionnaires it validness and there exists some insoluble themes deepening the crisis in relation. The human rights are occasionally deemed as universal principles except from individual and social practices, while they are supposed to be intrinsic to a pre-defined human nature. Constituting a background for natural law theories that are molded at the periphery of social contract, human rights percept arises to be inefficient when it inspires from natural law or divine law concepts, and it fails in solving conflict of modern times. This paper aims to reveal a perspective that is not centered on social contract, instead targeted for diminishing problems before human rights through a genuine perspective. It is fair to say that human rights are eligible for sustaining their existence and meaningfulness just through practical manner. The study focuses on the possibility of yielding human rights politics does not refer to a universal moral law, a unuversal essence or human nature determinations that form the basis of rights, and that is not metaphysical in this sense. To this end, it rejects the traditional percept that envisages a human nature immanent in natural law; and it also stands off legal positivism that simply degrades human rights to written codes.
Description
ORCID
Keywords
Etik, Felsefe
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Felsefi Düşün - Akademik Felsefe Dergisi
Volume
2
Issue
19
Start Page
521
End Page
539
