MELEKLİ-KÜLTEPE (IĞDIR) HÖYÜĞÜ, URARTU KALESİ VE COLUMBARİUM: AĞRI DAĞI'NIN KUZEY ETEĞİNDEKİ MİNUAHİNİLİ (KARAKOYUNLU) KENTİ
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Date
2017
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Melekli-Iğdır Urartu yerleşimi Ağrı Dağı yüzey araştırmamız sırasında belirlenmiş yeni merkezler ile Melekli-Kültepe Columbarium'unda P. F. Petrov (1913) ve K. Balkan (1966) tarafından yapılmış olan kazıların birlikte ele alınmasıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Ağrı Dağı yüzey araştırmasının en dikkat çekici merkezleri kompleks yerleşimler olarak tanımladıklarımızdır, bunlar kuzey etekteki Melekli ve Karakoyunlu ile güney etekteki Bozkurt'dur. Bu türde yerleşimler oldukça geniş alanlara yayılmış ve Geç Kalkolitik Dönem ile Orta Demir Çağ (Urartu) ya da Geç Demir Çağ (Akhaimenid) arasında uzun süreli iskan edilmişlerdir. Coğrafi birimlerin önemli noktalarında yer alan bu kompleks yerleşimlerin her birinde yatay tabakalaşma sisteminde çeşitli dönemleri içeren ve birbirleriyle ilişkili höyükler, kaleler ve mezarlıklar yer alır. Ağrı Dağı kompleks yerleşimleri içinde kuzey etekte ve Iğdır Ovası-Aras Vadisi'nde yer alan Melekli ve Karakoyunlu en önemli bulgulara sahip alanlardır.Melekli ve Karakoyunlu aynı zamanda Erken Demir Çağ ve Orta Demir Çağ (Urartu) için de önemli merkezlerdir. Urartu Kralı Minua (MÖ 810-785/780) tarafından Erken Demir Çağ yerel krallığı Eriqua'nın fethedilmesi ve yeni bir eyelet oluşturulmasıyla bölge Urartu sınırları içine alınmıştır. Iğdır Ovası-Aras Vadisi bereketli topraklarının yanısıra Güney Kafkasya-Kuzeybatı İran için geçit noktası olması açısından da önemliydi. Kral Minua yeni eyelet merkezi Minuahinili'yi Karakoyunlu'da (Kale II) ve bir diğer kaleyi de (Bulakbaşı 2) yakınında inşa etmiştir. Araştırmada belirlediğimiz birçok yeni Urartu kalesi Minuahinili Kenti'nin, gerek Minua gerekse daha sonraki krallar tarafından bölgede ve Güney Kafkasya-Kuzeybatı İran'da yapılan düzenlemeler sırasında yeni yapılanmalarla geliştirildiğini gösterir: Melekli-Lanetlitepe ve Bozkurt Kale II Ağrı Dağı batı geçidinin her iki tarafındaki ileri karakol-yol istasyonlarıydı, Ömerağa-Gölyüzü Kalesi güney etekteki merkezi kaleydi; Aktaş Kalesi ise kuzey etekte bir garnizon-kentti.Melekli Urartu yerleşimi olasılıkla Kral Minua döneminde kurulmuş ve iskanı aralıksız devam etmiş görünen bir İleri Karakol-Yol İstasyonu (Lanetlitepe Kalesi), Kültepe Höyüğü'ndeki Yerleşim ve Columbarium ile bir Kuleyi ? (Deliktaş Höyüğü) kapsar. Ovanın batı ucunda ve Ağrı Dağı-Güney Kafkasya- Kuzeybatı İran geçidinin üzerindeki konumuyla Melekli, Minuahinili Kenti'nin Doğu Anadolu ile arasındaki en önemli noktaydı
In this article the Urartian settlement in Melekli-Igdır is discussed together with the new sites investigated during the Mt Ağrı survey and the excavations undertaken at the Melekli-Kultepe Columbarium by P. F. Petrov (1913) and K. Balkan (1966). The most remarkable sites of Mt Ağrı survey are those described as complex settlements, these are Melekli and Karakoyunlu on the north foot and Bozkurt on the south foot. These kinds of settlements spread over a vast area were inhabited for a long period between the Late Chalcolithic Period and the Middle Iron Age (Urartu) or the Late Iron Age (Achaemenid), related to each other. There are mounds, fortresses, lower cities and cemeteries that comprise different periods in the horizontal stratification system at each one of these complex settlements in important locations. Melekli and Karakoyunlu located at the north foothills of Mt Ağrı and Igdır Plain - Aras Valley posses complexes of the area with the most important archaeological finds.Melekli and Karakoyunlu are important centers also for the Early Iron Age and Middle Iron Age (Urartu). This region was taken within the Urartian borders in the con-quest of Eriqua, an Early Iron Age local kingdom, and a new province was established by the Urartian King Minua (810-785/780 BC). Besides its fertile soils, the Igdır Plain - Aras Valley was also important with regards to being a gateway point for southern Transcaucasia-northwestern Iran. According to the inscriptions, King Minua built his new city Minuahinili at Karakoyunlu (Fortress II) as the center of the new province besides another Fortress (Bulakbaşı 2). Numerous new Urartian fortresses which were detected in our research indicate that the city of Minuahinili had developed through the new settlement over the course of adjustments conducted at this region and Southern Caucasia-Northwestern Iran by both Minua and the subsequent kings: Melekli-Lanetlitepe and Bozkurt Fortress II were outposts - road stations situated on both sides of the Mt Ağrı western pass; Ömerağa-Gölyüzü Fortress was the central fortress located at the southern slope; the Aktaş Fortress was a garrison-city on the northern slope. Melekli Urartian settlement contains an outpost - road station (Lanetlitepe Fortress), which was probably established by King Minua. Its inhabitation seems to have persisted without interruption, together with the settlement and columbarium at Kültepe Mound and the fort (?) (Deliktaş Mound). Melekli, with its location at the west end of the plain and on the Mt Ağrı - southern Transcaucasia - northwestern Iran gateway, was the most important point between the city of Minuahinili and Eastern Anatolia.
In this article the Urartian settlement in Melekli-Igdır is discussed together with the new sites investigated during the Mt Ağrı survey and the excavations undertaken at the Melekli-Kultepe Columbarium by P. F. Petrov (1913) and K. Balkan (1966). The most remarkable sites of Mt Ağrı survey are those described as complex settlements, these are Melekli and Karakoyunlu on the north foot and Bozkurt on the south foot. These kinds of settlements spread over a vast area were inhabited for a long period between the Late Chalcolithic Period and the Middle Iron Age (Urartu) or the Late Iron Age (Achaemenid), related to each other. There are mounds, fortresses, lower cities and cemeteries that comprise different periods in the horizontal stratification system at each one of these complex settlements in important locations. Melekli and Karakoyunlu located at the north foothills of Mt Ağrı and Igdır Plain - Aras Valley posses complexes of the area with the most important archaeological finds.Melekli and Karakoyunlu are important centers also for the Early Iron Age and Middle Iron Age (Urartu). This region was taken within the Urartian borders in the con-quest of Eriqua, an Early Iron Age local kingdom, and a new province was established by the Urartian King Minua (810-785/780 BC). Besides its fertile soils, the Igdır Plain - Aras Valley was also important with regards to being a gateway point for southern Transcaucasia-northwestern Iran. According to the inscriptions, King Minua built his new city Minuahinili at Karakoyunlu (Fortress II) as the center of the new province besides another Fortress (Bulakbaşı 2). Numerous new Urartian fortresses which were detected in our research indicate that the city of Minuahinili had developed through the new settlement over the course of adjustments conducted at this region and Southern Caucasia-Northwestern Iran by both Minua and the subsequent kings: Melekli-Lanetlitepe and Bozkurt Fortress II were outposts - road stations situated on both sides of the Mt Ağrı western pass; Ömerağa-Gölyüzü Fortress was the central fortress located at the southern slope; the Aktaş Fortress was a garrison-city on the northern slope. Melekli Urartian settlement contains an outpost - road station (Lanetlitepe Fortress), which was probably established by King Minua. Its inhabitation seems to have persisted without interruption, together with the settlement and columbarium at Kültepe Mound and the fort (?) (Deliktaş Mound). Melekli, with its location at the west end of the plain and on the Mt Ağrı - southern Transcaucasia - northwestern Iran gateway, was the most important point between the city of Minuahinili and Eastern Anatolia.
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OLBA
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0
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25
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161
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182