HALDUN TANER’İN “KEŞANLI ALİ DESTANI” VE AXEL OLRİC’İN EPİK YASALARI
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2012
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Abstract
Sözlü ve yazılı ürünler birbirlerinden farklı yaratmalar olsalar da çağdaş/yazılı ürünlerin sözlü kültürden etkilenmesi kaçınılmazdır. İlk olarak dini ayinlerde görülen, “isteğini bedensel hareketlerle anlatma”nın kültürel bir miras olarak toplumsal hafızada korunduğu ve çağdaş tiyatronun temelinin de ilkel insanın ritüellerinde var olan kültürel hazineden beslendiği düşünülmektedir. Axel Olric, toplumsal hafızada saklanan bu ve benzeri kültürel verilerin “sage”lerde (halk masalı, mit, efsane, halk şarkısı vb.) bilinçli veya bilinçsiz bir şekilde korunduğunu göstermek için “halk anlatılarının epik kuralları”nı on beş maddede sistematize etmiş ve bu tespitlerini birçok eser üzerinde deneyimleyerek ispatlamaya çalışmıştır. Haldun Taner’in, bir gecekondu mahallesinde yaşananlardan kesitler sunduğu “Keşanlı Ali Destanı”nda, Bertolt Brecht’in “epik tiyatro” anlayışıyla, Geleneksel Türk Tiyatrosundan (halk tiyatrosu) izler bulunmakla birlikte, halk söylemi, duyuş ve düşünüşünden de yararlanılmıştır. Bu makalede, Olric’in halk anlatılarından yola çıkarak oluşturduğu epik kuralları, “Keşanlı Ali Destanı”na tatbik edilecek, söz konusu eser, bu yasalara uyan ve uymayan yönleriyle değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Although oral and written literary products differ from each other, modern/written literary production is inevitably affected by oral culture. It is generally thought that the expression of one’s wishes through bodily gestures, which first appeared in religious ceremonies, has been preserved in the social memory as a cultural heritage and that contemporary theatre also has its roots in the rituals of primitive man. In order to demonstrate that these and similar cultural data, which have been preserved in the social memory, were handed down in conscious or unconscious form as “Sagen” (folk tales, myths, legends, folk songs etc.), Axel Olric systematized the “rules of epic folk narratives” in fifteen categories and then substantiated his theory by applying these classifications to many literary products. “The Epic of Ali of Keshan” in which Haldun Taner presented aspects of life in a slum quarter, while displaying influences from Bertolt Brecht’s concept of the “epic theatre” and from Traditional Turkish Theatre (folk theatre), also draws on folk speech, feeling and thought. This article will apply to “The Epic of Ali of Keshan” the epic rules that Olric established on the basis of folk narratives and will attempt to evaluate whether or not this work abides with Olric’s rules.
Although oral and written literary products differ from each other, modern/written literary production is inevitably affected by oral culture. It is generally thought that the expression of one’s wishes through bodily gestures, which first appeared in religious ceremonies, has been preserved in the social memory as a cultural heritage and that contemporary theatre also has its roots in the rituals of primitive man. In order to demonstrate that these and similar cultural data, which have been preserved in the social memory, were handed down in conscious or unconscious form as “Sagen” (folk tales, myths, legends, folk songs etc.), Axel Olric systematized the “rules of epic folk narratives” in fifteen categories and then substantiated his theory by applying these classifications to many literary products. “The Epic of Ali of Keshan” in which Haldun Taner presented aspects of life in a slum quarter, while displaying influences from Bertolt Brecht’s concept of the “epic theatre” and from Traditional Turkish Theatre (folk theatre), also draws on folk speech, feeling and thought. This article will apply to “The Epic of Ali of Keshan” the epic rules that Olric established on the basis of folk narratives and will attempt to evaluate whether or not this work abides with Olric’s rules.
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Sosyal Bilimler Tarihi
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Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitü Dergisi
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Issue
8
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1
End Page
11