القواعد والضّوابط الفقهيّة المؤثّرة في فقه الأسّرة 'باب النِّكاح'
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Date
2025
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Open Access Color
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Bu çalışma, İslam hukukunda yer alan fıkhî kaideler 'el-kavâidü'l-fıkhiyye' ve fıkhî zabıtların 'ed-davabitü'l-fıkhiyye', aile hukukunun nikâh bölümünde nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. İslam hukukunda nikâh, yalnızca bireylerin özel yaşamlarını değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal yapıyı da doğrudan ilgilendiren temel bir kurumdur. Dolayısıyla, bu kurumu düzenleyen fıkhî kuralların derinlemesine incelenmesi, İslam aile hukukunun daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Çalışma üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tezin birinci bölümünde, kavramsal çerçeveyi oluşturmak amacıyla fıkhî kaide ve zabıt tanımlanmış, bu iki kavram arasındaki temel farklar açıklanmış ve her birinin şer'î delillere dayanan hücciyeti tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca bu alandaki literatür taranarak, klasik ve çağdaş dönemde yazılmış en önemli eserler tanıtılmış, fıkhî kuralların tarihsel gelişim süreci incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise aile kurumunun İslam hukukundaki yeri açıklanmış; evliliğin sosyal, ahlaki ve hukuki boyutları değerlendirilmiş; nikâhın şer'î hükümler bağlamında önemi ve kutsallığı ifade edilmiştir. Bu çerçevede, nikâh akdinin geçerlilik şartları, tarafların hak ve sorumlulukları ve nikâhın korunması için öngörülen tedbirler ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca fıkhî zabıtların aile içerisindeki ilişkilere nasıl yön verdiği örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise nikâh babında doğrudan etkili olan en önemli fıkhî kurallar ve zabıtlar detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Her bir kural ve zabıt; tanımı, şer'î dayanakları, klasik fıkıh kaynaklarındaki yeri ve uygulama örnekleri ile birlikte ele alınmıştır. Bu araştırmada istikrarlı ve sistematik bir şekilde fıkhî kuralların aile hayatına nasıl yön verdiği, özellikle de evlilik ilişkilerinden doğan meselelerde bu kuralların nasıl rehberlik ettiği ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada istidlal metodu ile delillerin analizi yapılmış, istişhâdî örneklerle fıkhî zabıtlar desteklenmiştir. Ayrıca klasik fıkıh kaynakları ve çağdaş akademik literatür karşılaştırmalı olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, fıkhî kaideler ve zabıtların yalnızca teorik değil, aynı zamanda uygulamalı yönleri de bulunduğu ve evlilikle ilgili birçok temel meselede bu kuralların belirleyici bir rol üstlendiği görülmüştür. Bu yönüyle çalışma, aile hukuku alanında yapılacak yeni araştırmalara öncülük edecek ve katkı sağlayacak niteliktedir
This study aims to shed light on the significant jurisprudential principles and legal maxims that influence Islamic family law, particularly in the area of marriage 'nikah', due to its profound religious and social importance. Marriage forms the foundational block of the family, which is the nucleus of the Muslim society. Islamic law has given great attention to the regulation of marriage, safeguarding lineage, protecting honor, and fostering tranquility, affection, and mercy between spouses. Consequently, its rulings are based on the Qur'an and Sunnah, grounded in noble objectives and precise considerations that promote public interest and prevent harm. Given the importance of this subject, jurisprudential rules and maxims play a crucial role in organizing its issues, facilitating the understanding of its details, and connecting particular cases to general principles. These tools assist scholars and researchers in deducing legal rulings and help unify jurisprudential perspectives in the face of contemporary developments and ijtihad 'independent reasoning'. The value of these rules lies in their ability to balance between scriptural texts and real-life contexts, and between objectives 'maqasid' and outcomes, especially in a time when numerous new questions and challenges arise concerning family matters, women, and spousal relationships. In the first chapter of this research, I provided definitions of jurisprudential rules and maxims, clarified the differences between them, discussed the origins and authority of this science, and reviewed key works in the field. The second chapter examined the concept of the family and the status of marriage in Islamic law, along with the importance of understanding the legal principles that influence marital relationships. The third chapter was devoted to presenting the most impactful jurisprudential maxims related to marriage, such as: the guardian 'wali', dowry 'mahr', conditions, defects, coercion, agency 'wakala', and others, all supported by scriptural evidence and juristic applications. One of the key findings of this study is that jurisprudential maxims serve as a precise methodological tool for structuring the branches of marriage law and resolving many of the issues that may arise in marital life. The research also showed that scholars from various legal schools have built many rulings on comprehensive legal principles, such as 'No marriage without a guardian' and 'Marriage through agency is valid if its conditions are met,' among others that clarify the intended meanings in Islamic law and help realize the objectives of marriage. These maxims evidently reflect the higher aims of the Shariah, as they seek to preserve religion, lineage, honor, and wealth demonstrating the depth, mercy, and adaptability of Islamic legislation in accommodating change while preserving core principles. Through this study, I sought to highlight the importance of understanding these legal maxims and their role in shaping a correct comprehension of the marriage contract and its related rulings. This contributes to the preservation and stability of the family, and to the achievement of balance between rights and duties, in light of divine texts and the insights of Islamic scholarship. I pray that this effort is sincere and beneficial to researchers and students of knowledge.
This study aims to shed light on the significant jurisprudential principles and legal maxims that influence Islamic family law, particularly in the area of marriage 'nikah', due to its profound religious and social importance. Marriage forms the foundational block of the family, which is the nucleus of the Muslim society. Islamic law has given great attention to the regulation of marriage, safeguarding lineage, protecting honor, and fostering tranquility, affection, and mercy between spouses. Consequently, its rulings are based on the Qur'an and Sunnah, grounded in noble objectives and precise considerations that promote public interest and prevent harm. Given the importance of this subject, jurisprudential rules and maxims play a crucial role in organizing its issues, facilitating the understanding of its details, and connecting particular cases to general principles. These tools assist scholars and researchers in deducing legal rulings and help unify jurisprudential perspectives in the face of contemporary developments and ijtihad 'independent reasoning'. The value of these rules lies in their ability to balance between scriptural texts and real-life contexts, and between objectives 'maqasid' and outcomes, especially in a time when numerous new questions and challenges arise concerning family matters, women, and spousal relationships. In the first chapter of this research, I provided definitions of jurisprudential rules and maxims, clarified the differences between them, discussed the origins and authority of this science, and reviewed key works in the field. The second chapter examined the concept of the family and the status of marriage in Islamic law, along with the importance of understanding the legal principles that influence marital relationships. The third chapter was devoted to presenting the most impactful jurisprudential maxims related to marriage, such as: the guardian 'wali', dowry 'mahr', conditions, defects, coercion, agency 'wakala', and others, all supported by scriptural evidence and juristic applications. One of the key findings of this study is that jurisprudential maxims serve as a precise methodological tool for structuring the branches of marriage law and resolving many of the issues that may arise in marital life. The research also showed that scholars from various legal schools have built many rulings on comprehensive legal principles, such as 'No marriage without a guardian' and 'Marriage through agency is valid if its conditions are met,' among others that clarify the intended meanings in Islamic law and help realize the objectives of marriage. These maxims evidently reflect the higher aims of the Shariah, as they seek to preserve religion, lineage, honor, and wealth demonstrating the depth, mercy, and adaptability of Islamic legislation in accommodating change while preserving core principles. Through this study, I sought to highlight the importance of understanding these legal maxims and their role in shaping a correct comprehension of the marriage contract and its related rulings. This contributes to the preservation and stability of the family, and to the achievement of balance between rights and duties, in light of divine texts and the insights of Islamic scholarship. I pray that this effort is sincere and beneficial to researchers and students of knowledge.
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Din, Religion
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127
