Küresel Değer Zincirleri ve Jeopolitik Risklerin İhracat Performansına Etkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir İnceleme
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2025
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Küresel ekonomideki yapısal dönüşümler, üretim ve ticaret süreçlerini daha karmaşık ve coğrafi olarak dağınık hale getirerek Küresel Değer Zincirleri 'nin (KDZ) önemini artırmıştır. Üretim artık tek bir ülke sınırında değil, birçok ülkenin katkısıyla gerçekleşmekte; bu durum ara mal ticaretini ve ihracat amaçlı ithal girdi kullanımını yaygınlaştırmaktadır. KDZ'ler, ülkelerin farklı üretim aşamalarında uzmanlaşarak katma değer yaratmasını sağladığından, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler için ihracat kapasitesi ve teknolojik yetkinlik açısından kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Ancak, son yıllarda artan jeopolitik riskler, uluslararası ticaret ve makroekonomik göstergeler üzerinde baskı oluşturarak ticaret hacmini daraltmakta ve yatırım kararlarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Türkiye gibi jeopolitik açıdan hassas konumdaki ülkelerde bu risklerin ihracat performansı üzerindeki etkileri daha belirgin hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'nin KDZ'ler ve jeopolitik risklerin ihracat performansı üzerindeki etkilerini 1990-2018 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak ARDL modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Uzun dönem katsayı tahminini tespit etmek amacıyla FMOLS, DOLS ve CCR yöntemleri kullanılmış ve değişkenler arasında pozitif ilişki belirlenmiştir Anahtar Kelimeler: Küresel Değer Zincirleri, Jeopolitik Risk, İhracat, ARDL
The structural transformations in the global economy have rendered production and trade processes increasingly complex and geographically fragmented, thereby underscoring the significance of Global Value Chains (GVCs). Production is no longer confined within the borders of a single nation but is instead carried out through the contributions of multiple countries, which in turn has expanded the trade in intermediate goods and the reliance on imported inputs for export-oriented production. GVCs allow countries to create value-added by specializing in different stages of production, thus playing a crucial role in enhancing export capacity and technological capabilities, particularly for developing economies. Nevertheless, the recent surge in geopolitical risks has placed considerable pressure on international trade and key macroeconomic indicators, leading to contractions in trade volumes and adverse effects on investment decisions. For countries such as Turkey, situated in a geopolitically sensitive region, these risks exert a more pronounced influence on export performance. This study aims to examine the effects of GVC participation and geopolitical risks on Turkey's export performance by employing annual data for the period 1990–2018 within the framework of the ARDL model. The empirical findings confirm the existence of a cointegration relationship among the variables. Furthermore, long-run coefficient estimations obtained through FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR methodologies indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between the variables.
The structural transformations in the global economy have rendered production and trade processes increasingly complex and geographically fragmented, thereby underscoring the significance of Global Value Chains (GVCs). Production is no longer confined within the borders of a single nation but is instead carried out through the contributions of multiple countries, which in turn has expanded the trade in intermediate goods and the reliance on imported inputs for export-oriented production. GVCs allow countries to create value-added by specializing in different stages of production, thus playing a crucial role in enhancing export capacity and technological capabilities, particularly for developing economies. Nevertheless, the recent surge in geopolitical risks has placed considerable pressure on international trade and key macroeconomic indicators, leading to contractions in trade volumes and adverse effects on investment decisions. For countries such as Turkey, situated in a geopolitically sensitive region, these risks exert a more pronounced influence on export performance. This study aims to examine the effects of GVC participation and geopolitical risks on Turkey's export performance by employing annual data for the period 1990–2018 within the framework of the ARDL model. The empirical findings confirm the existence of a cointegration relationship among the variables. Furthermore, long-run coefficient estimations obtained through FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR methodologies indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between the variables.
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Uluslararası Ticaret, International Trade
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