Tuğrul Bey’in Türkmen Siyaseti (Erken Selçuklu Çağında İktidar-Gelenek Çatışması ve Sosyo-Politik Yansımaları)
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Büyük Selçuklu Devleti’nin kuruluşunda Türkmenlerin potansiyel gücünün etkisi malumdur.
Türkmenlerin savaşçı ve mücadeleci ruhu, Horasan’daki bağımsızlık mücadelesi döneminde düzenli
ve mücehhez Gazneli ordusuna karşı gerçekleşen savaşlarda Selçuklulara önemli avantajlar sağlamış,
neticede bu kitlesel gücü iyi kullanan Selçuklu hanedan üyeleri, Horasan’da bir devri kapatıp yeni bir
devri açmayı başarmışlardır. Horasan’da göçebe karakterli bir devletin kurulduğunu duyan uzak
sahalardaki Türkmenler de bu yeni devlete tabi olmak için bu bölgeye akın etmişlerdir. Ancak göçebe
kökleriyle kurulmuş olsa da Selçuklu Devleti’nin kısa süre zarfında batıya yönelerek farklı ulus ve
devletlerle irtibata geçmesi, özellikle İran coğrafyasına egemen olup İran/Sasanî devlet zihniyetiyle
bütünleşmesi, yeni kurulan devletin göçebe hususiyetlerinden tedrici şekilde uzaklaşması anlamına geliyordu. Bürokrasi ve yönetimde İran kökenli devlet adamlarının işbaşına getirilmesiyle daha da
belirginleşen bu durum,
Tuğrul Bey döneminde Türkmenlerin duygusal kırılmalar yaşamalarına ve bazı tehlikeli
isyanlara iştirak etmelerine neden olmuştur. Bunun dışında en başından itibaren aile içi rekabet
sebebiyle Tuğrul ve devletinden uzak durmaya çalışan “Irakiyye Türkmenlerinin” hareketlilikleri,
İran sınırlarını aşıp Anadolu’ya gelmeleri, özellikle el-Cezire ve Irak’ta önemli bir huzursuzluk âmili
olmaları gibi gelişmeler, Tuğrul Bey döneminde Türkmen ve göçerler meselesinin sürekli gündemde
kalmasına neden olmuştur. Bu tarihten itibaren Tuğrul Bey’in Türkmenlere karşı gözle görünür
şekilde değişmeye başlayan politikası taraflar arasında zaman zaman huzursuzluklara, isyanlara,
hatta çatışmalara sebep olmuştur. Bu makalede, Tuğrul Bey döneminde Türkmenler üzerinde takip
edilen politika ve Türkmenlerin buna karşı gösterdikleri duygusal ve fiili tepkiler ele alınmaya
çalışılacaktır.
The influence of the power of the Turkmens in the establishment of the Great Seljuk State is known. The warrior and fighting spirit of the Turkmens provided important advantages to the Seljuks in the wars against the regular and well-equipped Ghaznavid army during the struggle for independence in Khorasan. As a result, the members of the Seljuk dynasty, who used this mass power well, succeeded in closing an era in Khorasan and opening a new one. Hearing that a state with a nomadic character was established in Khorasan, Turkmens from distant areas also flocked to this region to be subordinate to the new state. However, even though it was founded with a nomadic character, the Seljuk State's approach to the west in a short time and contact with different nations and states, especially the domination of the Iranian geography and integrating with the Iranian/Sasanian state mentality, meant that the newly established state gradually moved away from the nomadic character. This situation, which became more evident with the appointment of Iranianorigin statesmen in the bureaucracy and administration, caused the Turkmens to experience emotional ruptures and some of them to participate in dangerous rebellions during the reign of Toghril Bey. Apart from that, developments such as the mobility of the "Iraqiyya Turkmens" who tried to stay away from Toghril and his state from the very beginning due to the family rivalry, their crossing the Iranian borders and coming to Anatolia, especially al-Jazeera and being an important cause of unrest in Iraq, Turkmens and nomads in the period of Toghril Bey, caused the issue to remain on the agenda constantly. From this date, Toghril Bey's policy towards the Turkmens began to change visibly and this situation has caused unrest, rebellions and even conflicts between the parties from time to time. In this article, it will be tried to be discussed. the policy followed on the Turkmens in the period of Toghril Bey and the emotional and actual reactions of Turkmens against to this policy.
The influence of the power of the Turkmens in the establishment of the Great Seljuk State is known. The warrior and fighting spirit of the Turkmens provided important advantages to the Seljuks in the wars against the regular and well-equipped Ghaznavid army during the struggle for independence in Khorasan. As a result, the members of the Seljuk dynasty, who used this mass power well, succeeded in closing an era in Khorasan and opening a new one. Hearing that a state with a nomadic character was established in Khorasan, Turkmens from distant areas also flocked to this region to be subordinate to the new state. However, even though it was founded with a nomadic character, the Seljuk State's approach to the west in a short time and contact with different nations and states, especially the domination of the Iranian geography and integrating with the Iranian/Sasanian state mentality, meant that the newly established state gradually moved away from the nomadic character. This situation, which became more evident with the appointment of Iranianorigin statesmen in the bureaucracy and administration, caused the Turkmens to experience emotional ruptures and some of them to participate in dangerous rebellions during the reign of Toghril Bey. Apart from that, developments such as the mobility of the "Iraqiyya Turkmens" who tried to stay away from Toghril and his state from the very beginning due to the family rivalry, their crossing the Iranian borders and coming to Anatolia, especially al-Jazeera and being an important cause of unrest in Iraq, Turkmens and nomads in the period of Toghril Bey, caused the issue to remain on the agenda constantly. From this date, Toghril Bey's policy towards the Turkmens began to change visibly and this situation has caused unrest, rebellions and even conflicts between the parties from time to time. In this article, it will be tried to be discussed. the policy followed on the Turkmens in the period of Toghril Bey and the emotional and actual reactions of Turkmens against to this policy.
Description
Keywords
Arkeoloji, Siyasi Bilimler, Asya Çalışmaları, Tarih, Ortaçağ Ve Rönesans Çalışmaları, Uluslararası İlişkiler
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Selçuklu Araştırmaları Dergisi
Volume
Issue
15
Start Page
1
End Page
30
