Osmanlı -Türk Edebiyatı Tarihyazımında Tanzimat'tan Bugüne Çağdaş Eleştirel Söylem
Date
2016
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Abstract
Edebiyat eleştirisinin Tanzimat döneminden başlayarak yalnızca edebî alanı ilgi-lendiren bir edebî tür olmadığı, siyasi alanla çok yakın bir ilişki içinde olduğu dikkati çekmektedir. Eleştiri etkinliğinin en belirgin özelliklerinden biri, edebiyat eleştirisinin kendisinin modernleşmenin simgesine dönüşmüş olmasıdır. Bir diğer özellik ise, kuram-sal bir çerçeveye dayanan "nesnel eleştiri"nin uzunca bir süre yerleşmemiş olması, ede-biyat metinlerinin daha ziyade kişisel beğeni ile şekillenen öznel yargılar doğrultusunda değerlendirilmesidir.Divan şiiri ile ilgili değerlendirmeler, edebiyat ile siyaset arasındaki sınırların modernleşme bağlamında bulanıklaşmasının en açık gözlemlenebildiği alandır. Divan şiiri ile ilgili Tanzimat döneminden başlayarak giderek basmakalıplaşan değer dü-şürücü yargıların kaynağı araştırıldığında, bu iki özelliğin belirleyici olduğu görülmek-tedir. Divan şiirinin Osmanlı-Türk edebiyatı içinde olduğu gibi dünya edebiyatı içindeki yerinin sağlıklı bir şekilde ortaya çıkarılmasının ise "nesnel eleştiri"nin gelişmesine bağ-lı olduğunun altı çizilmelidir.
Literary criticism has always been based on the literary realm as well as the political realm since the Tanzimat period. The first feature of the literary criticism in the Ottoman-Turkish literature is the transformation of itself into a symbol of modernization. Still another feature is that "formal/objective criticism" has not been well established as a critical approach for a long time. Literary texts, therefore, have been usually evaluated on the basis of personal judgements rather than objective theoretical criteria. The critics on Divan poetry seem to be an area where boundaries between the literary and politi-cal realms are the most blurred. The source of devaluing judgements, which have been repeated since the Tanzimat period and turned into stereotypical expressions, on Divan poetry are mostly shaped by these two features of literary criticism. To define, however, the position of Divan poetry not only in the Ottoman-Turkish but also in the world lite-rature in a rightful way, it is necessary to foster "formal/objective criticism" in the field of literary criticism.
Literary criticism has always been based on the literary realm as well as the political realm since the Tanzimat period. The first feature of the literary criticism in the Ottoman-Turkish literature is the transformation of itself into a symbol of modernization. Still another feature is that "formal/objective criticism" has not been well established as a critical approach for a long time. Literary texts, therefore, have been usually evaluated on the basis of personal judgements rather than objective theoretical criteria. The critics on Divan poetry seem to be an area where boundaries between the literary and politi-cal realms are the most blurred. The source of devaluing judgements, which have been repeated since the Tanzimat period and turned into stereotypical expressions, on Divan poetry are mostly shaped by these two features of literary criticism. To define, however, the position of Divan poetry not only in the Ottoman-Turkish but also in the world lite-rature in a rightful way, it is necessary to foster "formal/objective criticism" in the field of literary criticism.
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Source
Folklor/Edebiyat
Volume
22
Issue
85
Start Page
141
End Page
160