Gazâlî düşüncesinde ahlâkın tasavvufî boyutu
Date
2020
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Bu tezde Gazâlî'nin düşünce dünyasında ahlâkın tasavvufî boyutu ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede ahlâk-tasavvuf ilişkisi, ahlâk felsefesinin temel problemleri etrafında ortaya konmuştur. Bu tez üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tezin birinci bölümünde ahlâk ve etiğin mahiyeti, etiğin türleri, ahlâk ile etik arasındaki ilişki ve ahlâkî temellendirmelerin neler olduğu ana hatlarıyla ele alınmıştır. Teorik ahlâkla ilgili oluşturulan bu çerçeve üzerinden Gazâlî'nin ahlâkla ilgili kavramları, ahlâk tanımı ve ahlâkı temellendirme konular belirginleştirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde Gazâlî'de tasavvufî ahlâkın pratik boyutu incelenmiştir. Burada Gazâlî'nin bireysel ahlâk, aile ahlâkı ve devlet ahlâkının pratik boyutu tasavvufîahlâk ilişkileriyle birlikte ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu noktada bireysel ahlâk, koruma ve geliştirme boyutlarıyla incelenmiştir. Tezin üçüncü ve son bölümünde teorik ahlâk, bireysel ahlâk, aile ahlâkı ve devlet ahlâkı açısından Gazâlî'de ahlâkın tasavvufî boyutu ele alınmış ve bu doğrultuda birtakım tartışmalar yapılmıştır. Gazâlî'de tasavvufun etkisi bireysel ahlâkta daha açık bir biçimde görülürken, aynı durum aile ve devlet ahlâkı için söylenemez. Ayrıca Gazâlî'nin ahlâk anlayışında kendisinden önceki Müslüman ve Antik Yunan filozoflarının etkisi de açıktır. Ancak dinî boyut neredeyse hiçbir zaman gözden kaybolmaz. Ahlâk alanında da özellikte tasavvufî boyutun etkisi baskındır.
In this thesis, in the world of thought of Ghazali, morality is discussed in terms of Sufism. In this context, the relationship between morality and Sufism has been revealed around the basic problems of moral philosophy.This thesis consists of three chapters. In the first part of the thesis, the nature of morality and ethics, the types of ethics, the relationship between morality and ethics and what are moral justifications are discussed. Through this framework about theoretical morality, the concepts of Ghazali about morality, the definition of morality and the grounding of morality are clarified. In the second part, the practical dimension of Sufi morality in Ghazali has been examined. Here, Ghazali's individual morality, family morality and the practical dimension of state morality are tried to be revealed together with Sufi moral relations.At this point, individual morality has been examined in terms of protection and development. In the third and last part of the thesis, the Sufi dimension of morality in Ghazali is discussed in terms of theoretical morality, individual morality, family morality and state morality and some discussions are made in this direction.While the effect of Sufism in Ghazali is more clearly seen in individual morality, the same cannot be said for family and state morality.In addition, the influence of Muslim and Ancient Greek philosophers before him in the moral understanding of Ghazali is clear. However, the religious dimension is almost never lost. In the field of morality, the effect of the sufi dimension in particular is dominant.
In this thesis, in the world of thought of Ghazali, morality is discussed in terms of Sufism. In this context, the relationship between morality and Sufism has been revealed around the basic problems of moral philosophy.This thesis consists of three chapters. In the first part of the thesis, the nature of morality and ethics, the types of ethics, the relationship between morality and ethics and what are moral justifications are discussed. Through this framework about theoretical morality, the concepts of Ghazali about morality, the definition of morality and the grounding of morality are clarified. In the second part, the practical dimension of Sufi morality in Ghazali has been examined. Here, Ghazali's individual morality, family morality and the practical dimension of state morality are tried to be revealed together with Sufi moral relations.At this point, individual morality has been examined in terms of protection and development. In the third and last part of the thesis, the Sufi dimension of morality in Ghazali is discussed in terms of theoretical morality, individual morality, family morality and state morality and some discussions are made in this direction.While the effect of Sufism in Ghazali is more clearly seen in individual morality, the same cannot be said for family and state morality.In addition, the influence of Muslim and Ancient Greek philosophers before him in the moral understanding of Ghazali is clear. However, the religious dimension is almost never lost. In the field of morality, the effect of the sufi dimension in particular is dominant.
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Keywords
Gazâlî, Tasavvuf, Etik, Ahlâk, Tasavvufî Ahlâk, Ghazali, Sufism, Ethic, Moral, Sufi Ethics, Din, Religion, Felsefe, Philosophy, Ahlak, Morality, Ahlak felsefesi, Moral philosophy, Etik, Ethics, Felsefi düşünce, Philosophical thought, Gazzali, Gazali, Tasavvuf, Mystic, İslam felsefesi, Islamic philosophy
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1
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111